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Your search keyword '"Emmanouel Pyleris"' showing total 4 results
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4 results on '"Emmanouel Pyleris"'

1. Small Intestine Bacterial Overgrowth Can Form an Indigenous Proinflammatory Environment in the Duodenum: A Prospective Study

Author

Evripidis Rizos, Emmanouel Pyleris, Mark Pimentel, Konstantinos Triantafyllou, and Evangelos J. Giamarellos-Bourboulis

Subjects
small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, inflammation, cytokines, interleukine-1b, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) contributes to the formation of an inflammatory environment in various intestinal and extraintestinal diseases. Cytokines that participate in these mechanisms are yet to be examined. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with duodenal aspiration was performed in 224 patients. Quantitative cultures of aerobic species were performed, concentrations of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were measured, and loads of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Methanobevibacter smithii, and Aeromonas spp. were detected via real-time PCR in the duodenal fluid. Analysis showed that the odds ratio (OR) for elevated IL-1β levels was 2.61 (1.06–6.43, p = 0.037) among patients with SIBO compared to patients without SIBO, while there was no significant difference at elevated IL-6 and TNF-α levels between patients with and without SIBO, using ≥10³ cfu/mL as a cut-off. The presence of all three elevated cytokine levels has OR 3.47 (1.06–11.34, p = 0.030) among patients with SIBO. Klebsiella pneumoniae detection was positively related with IL-6 and TNF-α levels, when Methanobevibacter smithii was positively related with IL-1β levels. The presence of SIBO is associated with elevated IL-1β levels in the duodenal fluid. There is a high prevalence of all three proinflammatory cytokine levels elevated (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) in the duodenal fluid among patients with SIBO.

Published
2022
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2. In vitro activity of rifaximin against isolates from patients with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

Author

Evangelos J. Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Mark Pimentel, Irene Galani, Charalambos Barbatzas, Aikaterini Pistiki, and Emmanouel Pyleris

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Staphylococcus aureus, Duodenum, Colony Count, Microbial, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, medicine.disease_cause, Rifaximin, Enterococcus faecalis, Microbiology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Minimum inhibitory concentration, Enterobacteriaceae, Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Escherichia coli, Irritable bowel syndrome, Microbial Viability, biology, Rifamycin, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Rifamycins, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Infectious Diseases, chemistry, Dysbiosis, Enterococcus faecium
Abstract

Rifaximin, a non-absorbable rifamycin derivative, has published clinical efficacy in the alleviation of symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is associated with the pathogenesis of IBS. This study describes for the first time the antimicrobial effect of rifaximin against SIBO micro-organisms from humans. Fluid was aspirated from the third part of the duodenum from 567 consecutive patients; quantitative cultures diagnosed SIBO in 117 patients (20.6%). A total of 170 aerobic micro-organisms were isolated and the in vitro efficacy of rifaximin was studied by (i) minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing by a microdilution technique and (ii) time–kill assays using bile to simulate the small intestinal environment. At a breakpoint of 32μg/mL, rifaximin inhibited in vitro 85.4% of Escherichia coli , 43.6% of Klebsiella spp., 34.8% of Enterobacter spp., 54.5% of other Enterobacteriaceae spp., 82.6% of non-Enterobacteriaceae Gram-negative spp., 100% of Enterococcus faecalis , 100% of Enterococcus faecium and 100% of Staphylococcus aureus . For the time–kill assays, 11 E. coli , 15 non- E. coli Gram-negative enterobacteria and three E. faecalis isolates were studied. Rifaximin produced a >3log 10 decrease in the starting inoculum against most of the tested isolates at 500μg/mL after 24h of growth. The results indicate that rifaximin has a potent effect on specific small bowel flora associated with SIBO. This conclusion should be regarded in light of the considerable time–kill effect at concentrations lower than those achieved in the bowel lumen after administration of conventional doses in humans.

Published
2014
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3. 439 Methanobrevibacter Smithii is Found in Human Duodenum and is Associated With Altered Luminal Cytokines

Author

Charalambos Barbatzas, Gene Kim, Christopher J. Chang, Evangelos J. Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Mark Pimentel, Stacy Weitsman, Emily Rooks, and Emmanouel Pyleris

Subjects
medicine.anatomical_structure, Hepatology, biology, business.industry, Gastroenterology, Duodenum, medicine, Methanobrevibacter smithii, biology.organism_classification, business, Microbiology
Published
2012
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4. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth is associated with irritable bowel syndrome and is independent of proton pump inhibitor usage

Author

Charalambos Barbatzas, Evangelos J. Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Mark Pimentel, Aikaterini Pistiki, and Emmanouel Pyleris

Subjects
Small intestinal overgrowth, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.drug_class, Proton pump inhibitors, Duodenum, Proton-pump inhibitor, Gastroenterology, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Blind loop syndrome, Internal medicine, Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Irritable bowel syndrome, Aged, 2. Zero hunger, business.industry, General Medicine, Odds ratio, Hepatology, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Gastritis, medicine.symptom, business, Blind Loop Syndrome, Body mass index, Research Article
Abstract

Background Current knowledge suggests that small intestinal overgrowth participates in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome. It is questionable if this association is modulated by intake of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Methods In a prospective study, quantitative cultures of duodenal aspirates were performed for aerobic species in 897 consecutive patients undergoing upper GI tract endoscopy. SIBO was defined as equal to or more than 103 cfu/ml. The effect of PPI intake on the relationship between SIBO and IBS was the primary endpoint. Results Analysis among patients without any history of PPI intake (n = 713) showed that odds ratio (OR) for IBS in the event of SIBO was 5.63 (3.73–8.51, p

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