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Insufficient data exist on population-based trends in morbidity and mortality to determine the success of prevention strategies and improvements in health care delivery in stroke. The aim of this study was to determine trends in incidence and outcome (1-year mortality, 28-day case-fatality) in relation to management and risk factors for stroke in the multi-ethnic population of Auckland, New Zealand (NZ) over 30-years.Four stroke incidence population-based register studies were undertaken in adult residents (aged ≥15 years) of Auckland NZ in 1981-1982, 1991-1992, 2002-2003 and 2011-2012. All used standard World Health Organization (WHO) diagnostic criteria and multiple overlapping sources of case-ascertainment for hospitalised and non-hospitalised, fatal and non-fatal, new stroke events. Ethnicity was consistently self-identified into four major groups. Crude and age-adjusted (WHO world population standard) annual incidence and mortality with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated per 100,000 people, assuming a Poisson distribution.5400 new stroke patients were registered in four 12 month recruitment phases over the 30-year study period; 79% were NZ/European, 6% Māori, 8% Pacific people, and 7% were of Asian or other origin. Overall stroke incidence and 1-year mortality decreased by 23% (95% CI 5%-31%) and 62% (95% CI 36%-86%), respectively, from 1981 to 2012. Whilst stroke incidence and mortality declined across all groups in NZ from 1991, Māori and Pacific groups had the slowest rate of decline and continue to experience stroke at a significantly younger age (mean ages 60 and 62 years, respectively) compared with NZ/Europeans (mean age 75 years). There was also a decline in 28-day stroke case fatality (overall by 14%, 95% CI 11%-17%) across all ethnic groups from 1981 to 2012. However, there were significant increases in the frequencies of pre-morbid hypertension, myocardial infarction, and diabetes mellitus, but a reduction in frequency of current smoking among stroke patients.In this unique temporal series of studies spanning 30 years, stroke incidence, early case-fatality and 1-year mortality have declined, but ethnic disparities in risk and outcome for stroke persisted suggesting that primary stroke prevention remains crucial to reducing the burden of this disease.

Background: The burden of ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke varies between regions and over time. With differences in prognosis, prevalence of risk factors, and treatment strategies, knowledge of stroke pathological type is important for targeted region-specific health-care planning for stroke and could inform priorities for type-specific prevention strategies. We used data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2010 (GBD 2010) to estimate the global and regional burden of first-ever ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke during 1990–2010. Methods: We searched Medline, Embase, LILACS, Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Global Health Database, the WHO library, and regional databases from 1990 to 2012 to identify relevant studies published between 1990 and 2010. We applied the GBD 2010 analytical technique (DisMod-MR) to calculate regional and country-specific estimates for ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke incidence, mortality, mortality-to-incidence ratio, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) lost, by age group (aged

Background and study aims A free resection margin (FRM) > 1 mm after local excision of a T1 colorectal cancer (CRC) is known to be associated with a low risk of local intramural residual cancer (LIRC). The risk is unclear, however, for FRMs between 0.1 to 1 mm. This study evaluated the risk of LIRC after local excision of T1 CRC with FRMs between 0.1 and 1 mm in the absence of lymphovascular invasion (LVI), poor differentiation and high-grade tumor budding (Bd2–3). Patients and methods Data from all consecutive patients with local excision of T1 CRC between 2014 and 2017 were collected from 11 hospitals. Patients with a FRM ≥ 0.1 mm without LVI and poor differentiation were included. The main outcome was risk of LIRC (composite of residual cancer in the local excision scar in adjuvant resection specimens or local recurrence during follow-up). Tumor budding was also assessed for cases with a FRM between 0.1 and 1mm. Results A total of 171 patients with a FRM between 0.1 and 1 mm and 351 patients with a FRM > 1 mm were included. LIRC occurred in five patients (2.9 %; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.0–6.7 %) and two patients (0.6 %; 95 % CI 0.1–2.1 %), respectively. Assessment of tumor budding showed Bd2–3 in 80 % of cases with LIRC and in 16 % of control cases. Accordingly, in patients with a FRM between 0.1 and 1 mm without Bd2–3, LIRC was detected in one patient (0.8%; 95 % CI 0.1–4.4 %). Conclusions In this study, risks of LIRC were comparable for FRMs between 0.1 and 1 mm and > 1 mm in the absence of other histological risk factors.

Candida albicans overgrowth at various mucosal sites is an ongoing and complex clinical concern involving interactions with indigenous microbiota and therapeutic or preventive measures superimposed on the pathogen-microbiome interaction. In this paper we describe the use of quantitative flow cytometry (specific to the cytometer’s sample introduction mechanism) to explore the in vitro interaction between Candida albicans, probiotic lactobacilli and a topical vaginal therapeutic. Our central hypothesis was cytometric measurements of co-cultures of yeast and bacteria could provide a useful method for exploring the dynamics of different microbial species in culture, with and without inhibitors. Two commercial products were used as exemplars for this research, a vaginal antimicrobial gel and two species of probiotic lactobacillus intended or oral administration with crystalline bovine lactoferrin to augment the vaginal gel. The cytometer forward channel height parameter distinguished yeast from bacteria in co-culture experiments in the presence of a vaginal therapeutic gel or components of its formulation including EDTA, glycogen, polydextrose as well as the host defense factor, lactoferrin. Flow cytometry showed lactobacilli influenced yeast counts in co-culture, with the technique lending itself to wide-ranging test conditions including organisms, media composition and screening of various antimicrobials. Key findings: The proprietary vaginal gel augmented the effect of lactobacilli, as did EDTA and lactoferrin. Prebiotic compounds also enhanced Candida inhibition by lactobacilli. Propidium iodide (Fluorescence channel 3) discriminated between necrotic and non-necrotic yeast and bacteria in co-cultures under various culture conditions. This research demonstrates the value of flow cytometry to evaluate the population dynamics of yeast and bacteria in co-culture using a proprietary product and its components. We discuss both the limitations of the current study and describe how methods employed here would be transferrable to the investigation of organisms present in defined cultures or at body sites colonized by fungal species and the effects of therapeutics or probiotics on Candida.

Mediante análisis descriptivo cualitativo, se caracterizaron cuatro variedades de té (Thea Sinensis): Té argentino Orange Pekoe (OP) (negro), Té Brasil OP (negro), Té Ceilán OP (negro) y Té Daarjeling OP (verde) La apariencia de las hojas secas de té se caracterizaron cualitativamente, comparándolas con hojas secas estándares. Se evaluó: color, forma y regularidad de las hojas, presencia de fibra y de estacas. Las diferencias obtenidas, se relacionaron con las diferencias producidas por efecto del proceso de fermentación del té. Los licores de té se caracterizaron en base a descriptores de sabor y aroma generados por un panel sensorial entrenado. El color y la astringencia se cuantificaron por medio de una escala lineal no estructurada, comparando con estándares calificados. Con el fin de relacionar el análisis sensorial y la composición química de las distintas variedades de té, se hicieron las determinaciones de humedad, materia seca, extracto acuoso, taninos y cafeína. Se definió el color en función de la materia seca, extracto acuoso y taninos y la astringencia en función del extracto acuoso, materia seca y humedad. El Análisis de Varianza de 3 factores: muestras, jueces, repeticiones señaló que se diferenciaron significativamente 4 grupos de té para astringencia y 3 para color, no existiendo diferencias significativas entre los jueces ni entre repeticiones. Se calcularon mediante análisis de regresión multifactorial, las ecuaciones de color y astringencia en función de las variables químicas determinadas.By means of descriptive analysis four varieties of tea (Thea sinensis) were assesed: Argentinean OP (orange pekoe) tea (black), Brazilian OP tea (black), Ceylán OP tea (black) and Darjeeling OP tea (green). The appearance of dry tea leaves were qualitatively characterized comparing with dry leaves standard. The attributes: colour, form, regularity of the leaves, fibre and stem cutting were evaluated The differences obtained were related to the differences produced by the effect of the fermentation process. Flavour and aroma descriptors of the tea liqueur were generated by a trained panel. Colour and astringency were evaluated in comparison with qualified standards using non structured linear scales. In order to relate the sensory analysis and the chemical composition for the different varieties of tea, following determinations were made: chemical moisture, dry material, aqueous extract, tannin and caffeine. Through multifactor regression analysis the equations in relation to the following chemical parameters were determined. Dry material, aqueous extract and tannins for colour and moisture, dry material and aqueous extract for astringency, respectively. Statistical analysis through ANOVA (3 variation sources: samples , judges and replications) showed .for samples four significant different groups for astringency and three different groups for colour. No significant differences between judges or repetitions were found. By multifactor regression analysis of both, colour and astringency, on their dependence of chemist results were calculated in order to asses the corresponding equations.

Con el fin de estimar el punto de corte, para luego ser empleado en un estudio de vida útil de yogurt batido de fresa, se diseñó un estudio simultáneo, a ser realizado en Argentina, Chile y Costa Rica, con un mismo tipo de yogurt, elaborado en los respectivos países de origen, relacionándose los parámetros de calidad sensorial, determinados con un panel entrenado, y la aceptabilidad, determinada con consumidores. Para ello se empleó la metodología de punto de corte utilizando la valoración de calidad mediante el método de Karlsruhe. Estudios preliminares realizados a 42º C indicaron que los parámetros de calidad más sensibles al deterioro por efecto del almacenamiento eran: pH, acidez titulable, viscosidad y la calidad sensorial. En cada caso se determinó el punto de corte que representa el puntaje de calidad sensorial a partir del cual el consumidor comienza a percibir un cambio en el producto, en relación al producto fresco y también se calculó el porcentaje de rechazo en función del punto de corte. Los puntos de corte y los porcentajes de rechazo obtenidos para los tres países fueron similares, pero a nivel de calidad sensorial, las muestras de yogurt costarricenses modificaron sus características de coloración y sabores ácido y rancio, las muestras de yogurt argentino desarrollaron acidez que influenció cambios en la textura, apariencia y sabores residuales y las muestras de yogures chilenos fueron las que se mantuvieron más estables en su calidad sensorial, a través del tiempo. Esta disparidad en el comportamiento de las muestras evidencia que los productos, a pesar de tener una misma denominación, corresponden a productos diferentes en su formulación y elaboración, la cual está supeditada a la diferente reglamentación vigente en cada país. Así por ejemplo, las condiciones de comercialización son también diferentes, por lo que la industria local debe satisfacer las necesidades de esa población y considerar las variables que definen la aceptación del producto en cada mercado objetivo.The present work was designed in order to obtain the cut off point, to be used in a shelf life study on whole stirred strawberry yogurt. The study was simultaneously carried out in Argentina, Chile and Costa Rica, assaying the same kind of product, elaborated in each one of the countries. The sensory quality parameters obtained from trained panelists and the consumers acceptability, were correlated by using the cut off point methodology through a quality evaluation by the Karlsruhe scale. According to preliminary studies, the storage at 42ºC produced considerable damage on parameters such as pH, acidity (volumetric assay), viscosity and sensory quality. For each sample, the cut off point was determined. This value corresponds to the threshold score for the sensory quality, where the consumer starts to perceive negative changes in the product, when comparing with the fresh product. The rejection percentage was also calculated according to the cut off point. The cut off points and the percentage of rejection obtained by the three participating countries were similar. Data obtained from Costa Rica showed changes in color, acidity and rancidity. Argentinean yogurts developed acidity that had a negative effect on texture, appearance and residual flavors. Chilean samples presented a sensory quality that remains almost without change through the studied time. The differences of the deterioration pattern amongst the three countries, demonstrates that the products are different in formulation and elaboration process, in spite of been the same kind of yogurt. This could be explained by differences specified in the regulation of each country. For instance the trading conditions are not similar; the local industry should satisfy the needs of their consumers and consider the variables that leads to the acceptability of the product by the objective market.

RESUMEN. El presente estudio presenta el desarrollo de biscochuelos individuales enriquecidos con fibra dietética (mezcla de fibras de lupino y avena), vitaminas y minerales, dado que el consumo promedio diario en el adulto mayor alcanza sólo a 12 g. Cada unidad aporta 4,8 g de fibra dietética, y aproximadamente un 30% de la Ingesta Diaria Recomendada (IDR) de vitaminas (A, B1, B2, B6, B12, E, nicotinamida, ácido fólico) y 40% de la IDR de D3, un 16% la IDR de calcio, un 12% de la IDR de magnesio y un 3% de la IDR de zinc. En la formulaciòn se adicionó polidextrosa y sorbitol para mejorar las características de sabor y textura. La optimización se realizó aplicando la Metodología de Superficie de Respuesta, empleando un diseño experimental central compuesto rotacional 2². Se elaboraron 13 diferentes formulaciones. Las variables independientes fueron la concentración de polidextrosa (entre 1 y 40%) y la de sorbitol (entre 1 y 30%). La variable dependiente corresponde a la calidad sensorial (test de Karlsruhe). Los parámetros con mayor coeficiente de determinación fueron calidad total y textura (Statgraphics Plus 7.0), estableciéndose 11,5% de polidextrosa y 4,4% de sorbitol La calidad se controló mediante análisis físicos, químicos, microbiológicos y sensoriales, obteniendo un puntaje de 8,18 en calidad sensorial total Los análisis restantes confirmaron su buena calidad y el aporte de fibra dietética, vitaminas y minerales. El estudio de aceptabilidad con 150 adultos alcanzó 100% en las categorías "me gusta" y "me gusta mucho" de la escala hedónica empleada. La vida útil se realizó en envases de polipropileno de 30 m m de espesor, correspondiendo a 13 días almacenado en condiciones ambientales (25º C y 55-60% HR).SUMMARY. This study presents the development of individual cakes enriched with dietary fiber (lupin and oat fiber), vitamins and minerals; as recent research has shown that the average daily dietary fibre intake of the elderly population in Chile is only 12 g. Each cake contains 4.8 g of dietary fibre and a 30% of the RDA of vitamins A, B1, B2, B6, B12, E, nicotinamide and folic acid, 40% of the RDA of vitamin D3, 15% of the RDA of calcium, 12% of the RDA of magnesium and 3% the RDA of zinc. Polydextrose and sorbitol were added to improve flavor and texture. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used for optimization, based on a two-variable composite design. Thirteen experimental runs were carried out, with polydextrose (1 to 40% based on flour content) and sorbitol (1 to 30% based on flour content) as independent variables. The response variable was sensory quality obtained by the Karlsruhe test. Sensory attributes of texture and overall quality showed a good fitting with high determination coefficients and were used for optimization. The optimized cake contained 11.5% polydextrose and 4.4% sorbitol (both based on flour content). Quality of the optimized product was controlled by means of physical, chemical, microbiological and sensory analyses. Overall sensory quality was 8,18 ("very good") and good quality and nutritive value were achieved. In an acceptance test carried out with 150 adults, 100% acceptability was obtained in the hedonic scale categories "like it" and "like it very much". A shelf life study performed with cakes packaged in polypropylene bags of 30 m m thickness indicated a shelf life of 13 days stored at room conditions (25ºC and 55-60%R.H.).

Numerosos estudios han demostrado que debido a diferentes causas, existe un déficit en la ingesta de fibra en la población adulta mayor, la cual puede causar diferentes patologías, tales como constipación, cáncer de colon, diverticulosis. Para ofrecer alternativas de solución a esta realidad se desarrollaron formulaciones de espaguetis enriquecidos con fibra dietética, por ser un alimento de consumo habitual. La fibra usada fue harina de salvado de lupino dulce (Vitafiber) y se empleó gluten (Vital de trigo 75%) como aditivo mejorador. Se usó el método de superficie de respuesta para optimizar la formulación, con un diseño rotacional compuesto, con dos variables, ensayando concentraciones entre 7,14 y 14,29% de harina de salvado de lupino dulce y 0,1 a 2,0% de gluten como variables independientes. Las variables dependientes fueron las respuestas de 10 jueces entrenados que evaluaron los diferentes parámetros de calidad sensorial (color, forma, olor, sabor y textura) con el test de Karlsruhe de 9 puntos. La formulación optimizada correspondió a la elaborada con 66,7% de sémola, 7,14% de harina de salvado de lupino dulce, 24,7% de agua y 1,05% de gluten. Este producto optimizado fue enriquecido con 0,019% de un premix de vitaminas (A, E, B2, D,3 y ácido fólico) y 0,41% de minerales (Ca, Fe, Zn) de forma tal que 100 g de fideos secos cumplieran con aportar alrededor del 30% de las recomendaciones de la IDR para adultos mayores. El producto final contiene 11,05 g/100g de fibra dietética total, 984 UI de vitamina A, 4,52 UI de vitamina E y 0,38mg de vitamina B2 por 100g y 208 mg de Calcio, 3,16 mg de Hierro y 4,8 mg de Zinc, por 100g, respectivamente. Se concluye que el producto elegido es un buen vehículo para aumentar el consumo de fibra dietética, por ser un alimento de uso habitual, de preparación simple y de fácil consumoOptimization of a spaghetti formula enriched wich dietary fibre and micronutrients for elderly people. Several studies have demonstrated low dietary fiber intake in elderly people, which increases the risk of diseases such as constipation, colon cancer and diverticulosis. A spaghetti formula enriched with lupin fibre was developed to increase the dietary fibre intake in elderly people, as spaghetti are frequently consumed in this age group. Sweet lupin bran (VitafiberR) was used as fibre source and gluten was used as improving additive. Response surface methodology with a two variable composite rotatable design was applied to optimize the formulations. The independent variables were lupin bran (7.14 -14.29%) and gluten Vital (0.1-2.0%). The dependent variables were the responses of a trained 10-member sensory panel who evaluated the sensory quality parameters color, shape, aroma, flavor and texture by the Karlsruhe 9-point test. The optimized formula was prepared with 66.7% semoline, 7.14% lupin bran, 1.05% gluten and 24.7% water, enriched with 0.019% of a vitamin premix (A. E, D, B2, B12 and folic acid) and with 0.41% of a mineral premix (Ca, Fe, Zn), in order to meet 30 % of the RDA for the elderly per 100 g dry spaghetti. The dietary fibre content of the optimized product was 11.05 g/100g. The study showed that fibre-enriched spaghetti formula is a good way to increase dietary fibre intake in elderly people, as it is a common food, simple to prepare and easy to eat

Oxidative stability of crisps fried in two vegetable oils: sunflower oil (SO) and partially hydrogenated sunflower oil (PHSO), was studied. Crisps were stored at temperature at daylight, at 40ºC in oven, and a -23ºC as a control. Evaluation of the samples was carried out by chemical and sensory analyses. Rancid odour and flavour were detected at 180 and 49 days of storage, at room temperature and 40ºC respectively. In parallel, Peroxide value (PV), polar compounds (PC) and TGox increased, while alpha tocopherol (AT) and the induction time (IT) decreased, confirming the low oxidative stability of the crisps fried in SO. On the contrary, crisps fried in PHSO, showed a good oxidative stability in both storage conditions until the end of the storage (210 days). Chemical analyses confirmed the high stability of crisps fried in PHSO and hence the influence of fatty acid composition in crisps shelf life. Statistical analysis showed a good correlation between PV, PC, TGox and AT. Finally, shelf life of crisps fried in SO was estimated from PV and it was found that one day of storage at 40ºC was equivalent at 4.9 days at room temperature.

The progression of deterioration of crisps stored at room temperature (day light and darkness), and in darkness at 40ºC and -23ºC (control) was evaluated. The samples were obtained from a leader industry of the chilean market. The potatoes were evaluated until the panel detected significant difference (0.05>p) for «strange» odour and flavour. Chemical evaluation was performed on the oil extracted from the potatoes. Sensory evaluation showed significant differences (0.05>p) against control at 48, 72 and 9 days of storage at daylight and darkness room temperature, and 40ºC respectively. During the frying process about 80% of terbutilhydroquinone (TBHQ) was lost, delta and gamma tocopherol decreased around 43 and 30% respectively. Thermic deterioration was the most important during frying while only oxidation increased during storage. A relationship between sensory and chemical deterioration was established. It was found that, for the same polar compound percentage, a period of time around 7 times higher was necessary at room temperature in darkness, than at 40ºC.

En el desarrollo de alimentos para niños es recomendable definir las características del producto con grupos de niños representativos de la población a la cual están destinados los alimentos. Para asegurar el éxito de los alimentos infantiles, se deben considerar tanto las expectativas de calidad como aquellas relacionadas con la satisfacción hedónica al ingerir el alimento. Con el fin de cumplir estas premisas, se seleccionó y entrenó un grupo de niños escolares. beneficiarios del Programa de Alimentación Complementaria del Ministerio de Salud. Se trabajó con un grupo de 33 niños de edades entre 9 y 12 años de la Escuela Básica República de Colombia de la ciudad de Santiago, cuyos padres aceptaron y apoyaron la participación de sus hijos en este proyecto. La primera etapa estuvo destinada a familiarizarlos con las técnicas y metodología de Evaluación Sensorial y medir su sensibilidad. Cumplido el programa de 8 sesiones se seleccionaron los que cumplían con los requisitos mínimos para constituir un grupo en entrenamiento. Esta segunda etapa fue realizada en 12 sesiones, con 14 niños, cuyo entrenamiento estuvo destinado a desarrollar el vocabulario para describir calidad y defectos, realizar pruebas de jerarquización, tests discriminativos y manejo de escalas de diferente tipo. Se realizaron pruebas para verificar la confiabilidad, la veracidad y reproducibilidad de los juicios (pSensory training of children. In the development of food products for children, it is advisable to establish the characteristics of the product with groups of children that represent the target population. To ensure the success of the products, the quality and hedonic satisfaction expectatives must be considered. In order to accomplish this premises, a group of children under the Program Complementary Feeding of the Health Ministry- was selected and trained. The project was developed with a group of 33 children ages 9 to 12 years- from the Republica of Colombia School of Santiago, whose parents agreed and supported the participation of their children in this project. The first step was teaching the technics and methodology of Sensory Evaluation, and increasing their sensitivity. After the 8 programmed sessions, those children who met the minimal requiremients for a training group were chosen. The second step was performed during 12 sessions, working with 14 children. The training was aimed at the development of the vocabulary to describe quality and detects, ranking tests, discriminative tests and the use of different scales. Tests to verify reliability, veracity and reproducibility of judgements (p

Mediante análisis descriptivo cualitativo, se caracterizaron cuatro variedades de té (Thea Sinensis): Té argentino Orange Pekoe (OP) (negro), Té Brasil OP (negro), Té Ceilán OP (negro) y Té Daarjeling OP (verde) La apariencia de las hojas secas de té se caracterizaron cualitativamente, comparándolas con hojas secas estándares. Se evaluó: color, forma y regularidad de las hojas, presencia de fibra y de estacas. Las diferencias obtenidas, se relacionaron con las diferencias producidas por efecto del proceso de fermentación del té. Los licores de té se caracterizaron en base a descriptores de sabor y aroma generados por un panel sensorial entrenado. El color y la astringencia se cuantificaron por medio de una escala lineal no estructurada, comparando con estándares calificados. Con el fin de relacionar el análisis sensorial y la composición química de las distintas variedades de té, se hicieron las determinaciones de humedad, materia seca, extracto acuoso, taninos y cafeína. Se definió el color en función de la materia seca, extracto acuoso y taninos y la astringencia en función del extracto acuoso, materia seca y humedad. El Análisis de Varianza de 3 factores: muestras, jueces, repeticiones señaló que se diferenciaron significativamente 4 grupos de té para astringencia y 3 para color, no existiendo diferencias significativas entre los jueces ni entre repeticiones. Se calcularon mediante análisis de regresión multifactorial, las ecuaciones de color y astringencia en función de las variables químicas determinadas.

Numerosos estudios han demostrado que debido a diferentes causas, existe un déficit en la ingesta de fibra en la población adulta mayor, la cual puede causar diferentes patologías, tales como constipación, cáncer de colon, diverticulosis. Para ofrecer alternativas de solución a esta realidad se desarrollaron formulaciones de espaguetis enriquecidos con fibra dietética, por ser un alimento de consumo habitual. La fibra usada fue harina de salvado de lupino dulce (Vitafiber) y se empleó gluten (Vital de trigo 75%) como aditivo mejorador. Se usó el método de superficie de respuesta para optimizar la formulación, con un diseño rotacional compuesto, con dos variables, ensayando concentraciones entre 7,14 y 14,29% de harina de salvado de lupino dulce y 0,1 a 2,0% de gluten como variables independientes. Las variables dependientes fueron las respuestas de 10 jueces entrenados que evaluaron los diferentes parámetros de calidad sensorial (color, forma, olor, sabor y textura) con el test de Karlsruhe de 9 puntos. La formulación optimizada correspondió a la elaborada con 66,7% de sémola, 7,14% de harina de salvado de lupino dulce, 24,7% de agua y 1,05% de gluten. Este producto optimizado fue enriquecido con 0,019% de un premix de vitaminas (A, E, B2, D,3 y ácido fólico) y 0,41% de minerales (Ca, Fe, Zn) de forma tal que 100 g de fideos secos cumplieran con aportar alrededor del 30% de las recomendaciones de la IDR para adultos mayores. El producto final contiene 11,05 g/100g de fibra dietética total, 984 UI de vitamina A, 4,52 UI de vitamina E y 0,38mg de vitamina B2 por 100g y 208 mg de Calcio, 3,16 mg de Hierro y 4,8 mg de Zinc, por 100g, respectivamente. Se concluye que el producto elegido es un buen vehículo para aumentar el consumo de fibra dietética, por ser un alimento de uso habitual, de preparación simple y de fácil consumo

Con el fin de estimar el punto de corte, para luego ser empleado en un estudio de vida útil de yogurt batido de fresa, se diseñó un estudio simultáneo, a ser realizado en Argentina, Chile y Costa Rica, con un mismo tipo de yogurt, elaborado en los respectivos países de origen, relacionándose los parámetros de calidad sensorial, determinados con un panel entrenado, y la aceptabilidad, determinada con consumidores. Para ello se empleó la metodología de punto de corte utilizando la valoración de calidad mediante el método de Karlsruhe. Estudios preliminares realizados a 42º C indicaron que los parámetros de calidad más sensibles al deterioro por efecto del almacenamiento eran: pH, acidez titulable, viscosidad y la calidad sensorial. En cada caso se determinó el punto de corte que representa el puntaje de calidad sensorial a partir del cual el consumidor comienza a percibir un cambio en el producto, en relación al producto fresco y también se calculó el porcentaje de rechazo en función del punto de corte. Los puntos de corte y los porcentajes de rechazo obtenidos para los tres países fueron similares, pero a nivel de calidad sensorial, las muestras de yogurt costarricenses modificaron sus características de coloración y sabores ácido y rancio, las muestras de yogurt argentino desarrollaron acidez que influenció cambios en la textura, apariencia y sabores residuales y las muestras de yogures chilenos fueron las que se mantuvieron más estables en su calidad sensorial, a través del tiempo. Esta disparidad en el comportamiento de las muestras evidencia que los productos, a pesar de tener una misma denominación, corresponden a productos diferentes en su formulación y elaboración, la cual está supeditada a la diferente reglamentación vigente en cada país. Así por ejemplo, las condiciones de comercialización son también diferentes, por lo que la industria local debe satisfacer las necesidades de esa población y considerar las variables que definen la aceptación del producto en cada mercado objetivo.