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Since the advent of monoclonal antibodies against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in colorectal cancer therapy, the determination of RAS mutational status is needed for therapeutic decision-making. Most prevalent in colorectal cancer are KRAS exon 2 mutations (40% prevalence); lower prevalence is observed for KRAS exon 3 and 4 mutations (6%) and NRAS exon 2, 3, and 4 mutations (5%). The Idylla™ KRAS Mutation Test on the molecular diagnostics Idylla™ platform is a simple (

We examined ice-nucleating particles (INPs) in the plumes of the Tocantins and Amazon rivers, which drain watersheds with different proportions of degraded land. The concentration of INPs active at −15°C (INP−15) was an order of magnitude lower in the Tocantins (mean = 13.2 ml−1; s.d. = 7.8 ml−1), draining the more degraded watershed, compared with the Amazon (mean = 175.8 ml−1; s.d. = 11.2 ml−1), where the concentration was also significantly higher than in Atlantic surface waters (mean = 3.2 ml−1; s.d. = 2.3 ml−1). Differences in heat tolerance suggest that INPs emitted by the Amazon rainforest to the atmosphere or washed into the river might originate from contrasting sources on top of and below the rainforest canopy, respectively. For the Amazon River, we estimate a daily discharge of 1018 INP−15 to Atlantic waters. Rivers in cooler climate zones tend to have much higher concentrations of INPs and could, despite a smaller water volume discharged, transfer even larger absolute numbers of INP−15 to shelf waters than does the Amazon. To what extent these terrestrial INPs become aerosolized by breaking waves and bubble-bursting remains an open question.

Objective This study sought to provide up‐to‐date normative data on the productivity and citation impact of publications by Australian academic psychologists at each academic level (lecturer to professor) and for each university grouping (e.g., Group of Eight [Go8], Australian Technology Network, etc.). Method Publication and citation data for a representative sample of 732 psychology academics were extracted using the Scopus database. Norms for lifetime publications, citations, and h‐index were developed for each academic level and were compared with those reported in previous studies. Results Judgements of academic level based on number of publications, citations and h‐indexes are highly reliable with publication means for the ranks roughly doubling, and citation means more than doubling, for each successive level. Lifetime publication means have increased by a factor of 2 to 3 since the norms published in 2010, consistent with the suggestion that rates of scholarly publication have increased over the last decade. Academics at the research‐intensive Go8 universities had, as a group, significantly higher publication averages at every level than academics at other universities; however, these differences varied considerably in size across the university groupings. Conclusions Indices of research productivity and impact are important when evaluating academic psychologists' performance, and the present article provides up‐to‐date, comprehensive, and representative norms of Australian academic psychologists.

Background: Initiatives aimed at increasing participation in preventive health behaviors has been identified as a priority for addressing the increasing incidence of non-communicable chronic disease. General practice is an existing network that can be leveraged to intervene and promote messages for health behavior change. We aimed to explore the extent to which ‘lifestyle’ behaviors are discussed by general practitioners (GPs) with their patients in their practices, and the context and content of these discussions. Methods: GPs (N = 26) practising in Australian clinics participated in semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using an inductive thematic analysis. Results: Results showed discussions of lifestyle behaviors were brief, but relatively frequent and often initiated by the GP. GPs generally provided basic advice and education that was often ad-hoc and in reaction to prompts from the patient. GPs recognized the importance of addressing lifestyle behaviors in practice, but also highlighted substantive barriers that limit the initiation of these discussions. These included patient readiness for change, patient acceptance and openness, patient accountability and responsibility, patient background factors, GPs’ role and knowledge, GP financial implications, GP-patient relationship, and lack of time. Conclusions: Current findings provide important preliminary knowledge on the extent to which Australian GPs discuss lifestyle behavior change with patients during routine consultations, the context and content of these discussions, and barriers to initiating these discussions. Further research should seek to gain a better understanding of barriers and identify strategies to mitigate their impact. This might maximize the potential for GPs to promote adaptive lifestyle behavior change for improving patient health.