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Purpose – Purpose of this study is to understand how diaspora tourists as a specific tourist segment symbolically extend their holiday in the country of origin upon returning to the country of current living. Methodology – Aim of the research was to disclose underlying meanings of this specific consumption pattern. Data was collected through 24 semi-structured in-depth interviews with diaspora members from Bosnia and Herzegovina. Analysis was inductive, starting with microanalysis, proceeding then with axial coding around the revealed concept. Throughout analysis the comparative method was applied, alongside researcher's diary and memos as analytic tools. Findings – The concept of ‘bridging’ explains how diaspora tourists cross over from one reality to another on a symbolical level, i.e. when travelling back from the country of origin. It also is a symbolical bridging between complex of identities: the past identities and the present identity, which they have constructed in countries of current living. They seem to use two major strategies: storytelling and product stocking. Contribution – This paper reveals a new concept among diaspora tourists, i.e. their approach to extend their visit to the country of their origin on a symbolical level by using symbolically laden products. The research is further contributing by disclosing that diaspora tourists apply two different strategies in order to symbolically extend their home country holiday: the story telling strategy and the stocking strategy. Finally, it also suggests that the stocking strategy has two phases; the first phase being 'symbolic representation filling phase' and the second phase labelled as 'mainstream trend purchase phase'.

Industry 4.0 is a new paradigm that radically changes the life of modern man as a whole and gives shape to our near future. This impact is reflected in all spheres of modern society, from the mode of production and everything related to production, through the use and consumption of goods and services, communication, social relations, to access to employee management as a key element of any economy. In view of this, this paper deals with the specifics of I 4.0, employee performance characteristics and employee motivation in Industry 4.0, showing the evolution of the approaches used to motivate employees during previous industrial epochs.

The main goal of this paper is to analyze the impact of different determinants (external and internal factors) of market orientation of Bosnia and Herzegovina companies in the food processing industry. Market orientation as a concept that implies the continuous generation of market information regarding current and future customer needs, their cross-functional dissemination and market action (responsiveness) in accordance with the same. Numerous authors point to a set of different determinants of market orientation of companies, according to which three external (market turbulence, competitive intensity, technological turbulence) and three internal factors (top management emphasis, top management risk aversion, interdepartmental connectedness) are identified. Having in mind the relevance of the presented empirical knowledge and results, and that the subject in question is unjustifiably neglected in the domestic scientific literature, the basic research question is: Is it possible to identify relevant determinants (external and internal factors) of the market orientation of Bosnia and Herzegovina companies in the food processing industry? Based on the research, it was concluded that there is a great influence of all three mentioned external factors on the market orientation of Bosnia and Herzegovina companies in the food processing industry, while on the side of internal determinants stand out the top management emphasis and interdepartmental connectedness.

The aim of this chapter is to enable marketing managers to gain basic knowledge of the capabilities of the latest data management technology, big data, which has the potential of digitally storing huge amounts of data, processing and utilizing the results of processing different types of data, as well as data of different formats in real-time. Due to the enormous potential of implementing the big data, there are also tremendous expectations in terms of the direct financial benefits of its implementation. Realizing all these expectations is a very complex task, which is set to marketing and other managers. The knowledge and skills of managers acquired by education will greatly help to understand the benefits of faster adoption and implementation of new data management paradigms. This chapter emphasizes the differences between the big data concept and conventional data processing technologies, as well as the benefits and potentials that this concept offers, especially when it comes to the process of making quick marketing decisions or making decisions in a reasonably short time.

When it comes to the modern business environment, which is characterized by an extremely high degree of competition, and incredible speed and dynamics of business activities, it is almost impossible to imagine the business of a successful company without the support of the most sophisticated information technologies. One of these technologies is certainly intelligent systems, i.e. artificial intelligence systems. Conventional information systems support almost all business processes in companies, and the greatest importance is to support management in making business decisions. The biggest progress in the field of information support for decision-making was made by intelligent systems, which are the first of all known types of information support to the company’s management trying, and to the greatest extent succeeding, to solve problems whose solution was possible only with human intelligence. A large number of intelligent systems, such as Artificial Neural Networks, Expert Systems and Genetic Algorithms, are intended to solve mostly unstructured problems of a very high level of complexity or more precisely problems of such a level of complexity, which cannot be solved by conventional programming methods. Unlike other intelligent systems, which are mostly limited to sequential processing and only to certain specific representations of knowledge and logic, these intelligent systems use a different approach, and that is processing that imitates certain processing abilities possessed by the human brain. One of the most important abilities of human intelligence is learning, both from one’s own and someone else’s experience, which results in recognizing patterns based on experiences. The technology, which enables this ability to be possessed by computers, i.e. computer programs, is called Machine Learning. The aim of this paper is to unify and systematize in one place some basic knowledge that is usually published in various articles and /or books, where the topic of Machine Learning is observed from different aspects, and to explain the concept of Machine Learning, generic algorithms it is based, the types of machine learning, and the importance of applying this technology in intelligent systems.

In the last ten years, three new information technologies have emerged, representing the realization of old (by the time of emergence) theoretical concepts, but new in creativity and innovation, as well as incredible potential for the realization of revolutionary ideas and changes in all areas of human activity, which by one name they call 4th Industrial Revolution or Industry 4.0. They are: Big Data Analytics technology, Cloud Computing and Blockchain technology. Each of them individually represents the realization of new paradigms of computer data processing, which could not be practically implemented until the development of information and communication technologies, especially the Internet, Web applications, new operating systems, network technologies, mobile telephony, technologies of advancement of hardware performances, internet of things, etc. The primary aim of this paper is to get acquainted with the characteristics of these technologies and their potentials, their advantages and disadvantages in relation to traditional technologies, identification of areas and ways of their both current and future applications. The ultimate goal is to explain the incredible potential of these technologies, creating the foundation for their combined application in the creation of new Industry 4.0 products, which should result in a synergistic effect.

One of the greatest inventions of human civilization of all time is the global (worldwide) computer network - the Internet. Like most other inventions, the Internet has its good and bad sides. When it comes to the good sides of the Internet, it first and foremost facilitates all forms of communication: Person to Person (P2P); human with the computer and the computer with the computer. With the development of the Internet, new types of communication are emerging: human communication with “smart things”, which, together with human communication with a computer, represents Person to Maschine communication (P2M); communication between “smart things”, which together with computer-to-computer communication and computer communication with “smart things,” make up a new category of communication Maschine to Maschine (M2M). Ordinary objects (things or devices) used to need to be manually activated or programmed. This is no longer the case today, as most of these objects come automated, with pre-built “smart” components that can make their own decisions (without human presence). Internet of Things (IoT) or “Smart Things” are machines, robots, sensors, controls, etc. The aim of this paper is to explain in an understandable way the concept of IoT, its architecture, characteristics, technologies that enable the implementation of the IoT concept in practice, and the areas and security aspects of its application.

This paper deals with the analysis of young people’s attitudes towards materialism, viewed through three key dimensions: possession, selfishness and envy. In order to examine the attitudes of young people in Bosnia and Herzegovina, an empirical study was conducted on a sample of 206 respondents, aged 20 to 30 years, with an active residence in the country. The results of the research show that, contrary to our basic assumption, young people in BiH are still not strongly influenced by materialism, that is, materialism in young people is not related to their life values, i.e. the perception of their value towards important things in life. It has also been observed that the number of years of youth does not increase the propensity for materialistic values, and that the increased religiosity of young people leads to a decrease in the propensity for materialism. Taking into account all the limitations of the conducted research, the paper concludes that materialism, as a kind of social and cultural phenomenon that is leading in shaping the contemporary global image of society, is not a dominant form in Bosnian society and does not affect the behavior of young people.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to create the taxonomy of firms based on the nature of the relationship between market-based resources and marketing capabilities. Anchored in the configuration theory, the present study aims to explore simultaneous roles of market-based resources, i.e. customer orientation and competitor orientation, and marketing capabilities, i.e. the execution of marketing practices and activities within a firm, on firm performance. Design/methodology/approach A self-administrated questionnaire was used to collect data from chief executive officers or top managers of 220 firms in Bosnia and Herzegovina, a transitional economy in South Eastern Europe. Findings Drawing on a configuration approach via the latent class analysis, the authors empirically derive four distinct strategic marketing patterns, namely, marketing super achievers, marketing-focused virtuosi, marketing drifters and marketing mass pushers. The findings also highlight how business performance outcomes differ as a function of a class membership. Research limitations/implications Cross-sectional research design and focus on a single country are main limitations of the present study. Thus, longitudinal studies in the context of developed and fast-reforming transition economies are advisable for future work. Practical implications This study enhances the knowledge on how a firm can configure or bundle its market-based resources and marketing capabilities to produce desired outcomes. Findings suggest that joint attention to building market-oriented culture and developing marketing capabilities seems to pay off. However, the authors found that a lack of market knowledge can be substituted by the firms’ ability to build effective promotional and branding capabilities. Thus, the present study adds to the emerging dialog on the relative importance of alternative strategic orientations in achieving superior business performance. Originality/value This study contributes to the strategic marketing literature by examining the synergistic effect of market-based resources and marketing capabilities on firm performance using a configurational approach. It also provides support for the equifinality proposition, suggesting that different “bundles” of market-based resources and marketing capabilities can lead to similar level of performance outcomes.

Nowadays, actual and usable information are required from companies. In order to adapt to those changes, the companies started using internet as a channel for investor relations. Their websites are designed to offer a wide specter of company's financial information, as well as non-financial information that might be useful to financial public. The subject of this paper is to research the usage of internet in a company's investor relations. Through review of literature, the paper shows importance of websites development and how, by adequate usage, they may have an impact on the investor relations. For that purpose, the work includes research of the impact of Internet in conducting activities with investors at the market of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The methodology used in this work comprised a survey, carried out on a convenient sample of companies. Analysis conductes on websites of BiH companies with most traded stocks at stock excange, showed that the companies were aware of the importance of using web in communication with investors. However, one of the conclusions is that there is a big space for improvement regarding the use of new internet tools among most of BiH companies., U današnje vrijeme od kompanija se zahtijeva pružanje aktualnih i upotrebljivih informacija. Kako bi se prilagodile tim promjenama, kompanije su počele koristiti internet kao kanal za odnose s investitorima. Mrežne stranice kompanija zamišljene su tako da pružaju širok raspon financijskih informacija vezanih za poslovanje kompanije, kao i nefinancijskih informacija koje mogu biti važne za financijsku javnost. Tema ovoga rada je istraživanje uporabe interneta u provođenju aktivnosti odnosa s investitorima. Pregledom i analizom literature u radu je prikazana važnost razvoja internetskih stranica te kako se odgovarajućim načinom njihove uporabe može utjecati na upravljanje aktivnostima odnosa s investitorima. U tu je svrhu provedeno istraživanje utjecaja primjene interneta u provođenju aktivnosti s investitorima na tržištu Bosne i Hercegovine. Korištena metodologija obuhvatila je anketiranje kompanija na prigodnu uzorku. Analiza provedena na web stranicama bosanskohercegovačkih kompanija, čijim se dionicama najviše trgovalo na burzi, pokazala je da postoji svijest o važnosti uporabe interneta u komunikaciji s investitorima. Međutim, pokazalo se da u segmentu uporabe novih internetskih alata ima puno prostora za unaprjeđenje kod većine kompanija.

The paper attempts to offer answers related to the development of competitive positioning strategies in companies in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as to detect the effect of the factors under observation (market coverage, quality, price and advertising cost) on market positioning, that is, elements that affect a company's competitive advantage. According to these factors, the paper identifies and classifies three competitive positioning strategies and tests the effect of these strategies on performance.

This article is focused on significance and necessity to include Canton Sarajevo into devel - opment planning process in Bosnia and Herzegovina as a precondition for accession of our country to EU. Apart from significance and development planning process, special attention is being paid to the need to integrate and include, in organizational-management sense, all cantons in Federation as implementation units in that process. Present strategic planning process in Bosnia and Herzegovina has focused on state and entity level, while in future it is necessary also to include lower governmental levels, especially cantons in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina which represents a task of this article. In the article, present process issues and development planning results in BIH are being presented as well as the process of strategic development documents implementation, monitoring and canton level report- ing. Additionally, legal framework is also being presented due to the fact that it establishes obligation to create action plans and establish implementation units at cantonal level. The aforementioned legal framework defines Federal Institute for Development Programming as the key coordinator of all activities. Canton Sarajevo's Action Plan for Strategic Planning is structured in line with strategic development goals determined in state BIH development documents referring to the following areas: macro stability, competitiveness, employment, sustainable development and social inclusion. Significance of action planning is being em- phasized in the conclusion but only as a first step in BIH development strategy assuming creation of other relevant development aspects (social, economic and environmental). Also, necessity to harmonize aforementioned aspects with spatial planning documents is being