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This study aims to determine the effect of the İller Bank's credits on the sustainable economic development of Turkey between the 1981–2022 period. The study also employs the main analysis using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds model and robustness checks using the fully modified least square (FMOLS) and canonical cointegration analyses. ARDL model findings prove that the İller Bank's credits positively affect sustainable economic development indicators. Thus, governments should make the appropriate regulations to increase the investment credits for the growth of sustainable economic development and optimally enlarge the adaptive mechanism of credits by funding from the capital markets.

Objective:Osteoporosis (OP) is a skeletal disease characterized by decreased bone strength and increased fracture risk. Spinal cord injury (SCI) is accepted as a risk factor for OP. The aim of this study was to evaluate the OP knowledge and awareness level in patients with SCI.Materials and Methods:Seventy patients with SCI in the risk group for OP were included in the study. The clinical and demographic characteristics of the patients were evaluated. The OP knowledge and awareness level of the patients were evaluated with questions about OP knowledge and the osteoporosis awareness scale (OAS).Results:Fifty-three (75.7%) male and 17 female patients with a mean age of 40.8±16.5 (18-79) were included in the study. While 13 (18.6%) patients included in the study knew that they were in the risk group for OP, 57 (81.4%) had no information on this subject. There was a significant correlation between total OAS score and education level (r=0.537, p

Objectives Malnutrition is a clinical condition that is frequently seen in critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Although there are many scoring systems and tools used to determine nutritional risk, those that can be used in critically ill patients in the ICU are very few. The scoring systems used are insufficient to identify ICU patients with malnutrition or at risk.Malnutrition is generally presented with a decrease in skeletal muscle mass and muscle strength. Therefore, in many recent studies, attention has been drawn to the relationship between nutritional status and loss of muscle mass.Design A cohort study.Setting Forty-five patients hospitalised in an anaesthesia ICU in Turkey were included in the study.Participants Patients aged 18 years and older.Interventions Demographic data of patients included in the study, and Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002) and Modified Nutrition Risk in Critically ill (mNUTRIC) scores in the first 24 hours of ICU admission were noted. Rectus abdominis muscle (RAM) and rectus femoris muscle (RFM) thicknesses were measured by the same person (intensive care specialist) with ultrasonography (USG).Outcome measures Finding a quantitative and practical evaluation method by determining the correlation of measurement of RAM and RFM thickness with USG with NRS-2002 and mNUTRIC score, which are scoring systems used to assess nutritional risk.Results The performance of RAM and RFM thickness in determining nutritional status was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Area under the ROC curves were calculated as >0.7 for RFM and RAM measurements (p

Günümüzde medya bir taraftan bireylerin ve toplumun duygu, düşünce, tutum ve inançlarını değiştirmeyi ve yönlendirmeyi sağlayan güçlü bir araçken diğer taraftan dini bilgilerin aktarılmasında, öğrenilmesinde ve dini sosyalleşmenin gerçekleşmesinde işlevsel olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın konusu, Diyanet medyasına yöneltilen dini soruların incelenerek Türk halk dindarlığının ortaya konulmasıdır. Çalışma bu çerçevede Diyanet Televizyonu’nda yayınlanan Diyanete Soralım programına soru yönelten katılımcıların din anlayışlarını, dine dair zihinlerindeki problemleri ve dindarlık tutumlarını ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma nitel araştırma yöntemleriyle yürütülmüş ve nitel içerik çözümlemesi yapılmıştır. Araştırma Diyanete Soralım programının 2017-2018 yılı iki yayın döneminde yer alan yüz elli bölüm içerisinden seçilen elli programlık örneklemi kapsamaktadır. Sonuçta sorular üzerinden dinin toplumsal alanda nasıl yaşandığı, katılımcıların dinle bağlantılı olarak sergiledikleri tutumlar ve Türk halk dindarlığı ele alınmıştır.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, 2005-2017 yılları için Borsa İstanbul’da muhasebe bilgi kalitesini ölçmektir. Çalışmada muhasebe bilgi kalitesi dört boyutuyla incelenmiş ve panel veri analizi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, karların sürekli olduğuna, tahakkukların karların sürekliliği üzerinde azaltıcı etkisinin olduğuna ve değer ilişkisinde defter değerinin hisse senedi fiyatlarını açıklamada önemli bir faktör olduğuna işaret etmektedir. Bu durumlar ise, çalışma dönemi için muhasebe bilgilerinin kaliteli olduğunu göstermektedir.

Abstract The oral cavity and oropharynx are complex environments that are susceptible to physical, chemical, and microbiological insults. They are also common sites for pathological and cancerous changes. The effectiveness of conventional locally‐administered medications against diseases affecting these oral milieus may be compromised by constant salivary flow. For systemically‐administered medications, drug resistance and adverse side‐effects are issues that need to be resolved. New strategies for drug delivery have been investigated over the last decade to overcome these obstacles. Synthesis of nanoparticle‐containing agents that promote healing represents a quantum leap in ensuring safe, efficient drug delivery to the affected tissues. Micro/nanoencapsulants with unique structures and properties function as more favorable drug‐release platforms than conventional treatment approaches. The present review provides an overview of newly‐developed nanocarriers and discusses their potential applications and limitations in various fields of dentistry and oral medicine.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, döviz piyasası baskısı ve menkul kıymet piyasaları arasındaki ilişkiyi Türkiye için tespit etmektir. Bu kapsamda, ilk olarak Aralık 2005–Kasım 2017 dönemi için döviz piyasası baskı endeksi hesaplanmıştır. Hesaplanan bu baskı endeksi, inceleme döneminde meydana gelen krizlerin, önemli olaylarla gelen değişimlerin, talep ve politika farklılıklarının ortaya çıktığı yılları tahmin etmede başarılı olmuştur. Döviz piyasası baskı endeksi ve hisse senedi piyasaları arasındaki ilişki için ise, VAR modeli kurulmuş ve Granger nedensellik analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Granger nedensellik analizi sonuçlarına göre, hisse senedi piyasasından döviz piyasası baskı endeksine doğru tek taraflı nedensellik ilişkisi olduğu belirlenmiştir. Hisse senedi piyasasından döviz piyasasına olan bu nedensellik ilişkisi, inceleme dönemi için portföy dengesi yaklaşımının Türkiye için geçerli olduğuna işaret etmektedir.

MIL-101 is a kind of Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs), which have attracted much attention in the past decade due to its promising application in chemical industries. MIL-101 is also known as “Porous Chromium Terephthalate”. It has very high surface area and pore volume. MIL-101 exhibits exceptional stability against moisture and other chemicals and is composed of coordinately unsaturated Cr- sites with high concentration available for catalysis and adsorption. MIL-101 was synthesized by hydrothermal method and characterized by XRD, nitrogen adsorption and desorption analyses and SEM. XRD patterns show the presence of MIL-101’s crystal structure with high surface area (~2400 m2/g). Nitrogen adsorption-desorption analyzes showed that the material exhibited mesoporous material behavior.

Bifora radians M. Bieb. Dünya genelinde çok geniş yayılım alanı bulan Asya’ya özgü tek yıllık bir yabancı ottur. Geniş bir ekolojik toleransının ve yüksek rekabet yeteneğinin olması, B. radians’ı buğday yetiştiriciliği yapılan alanlarda sorun haline getirmiştir. Herbisitlere dayanıklılığın, popülasyon dinamiğinin bilinme gerekliliği ve demografik verilere duyulan ihtiyaçtan dolayı bitkilerdeki varyasyon çalışmaları önem arz etmektedir. Asetolaktat sentez inhibitörü herbisitlere dayanıklı 29 ve duyarlı 22 olmak üzere 51 lokasyondan toplanan B. radians popülasyonları morfolojik ve biyolojik farklılıklarına göre karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuçlara göre parametre verileri dayanıklı ve hassas popülasyonlar arasında belirgin farklılığı göstermiş ve bu çeşitlilik benzer lokasyonlar için de geçerli olmuştur. B. radians genotipleri arasındaki morfolojik ve biyolojik çeşitlilik; coğrafi lokasyonlar, farklı aktif maddeli ve farklı etki tarzlarına sahip herbisit uygulamaları, yetiştirilen ürünler ve uygulanan farklı tarımsal uygulamalar nedeniyle meydana gelebilmektedir. Yabancı ot popülasyonları arasındaki farklılık biyolojik ve kimyasal mücadele çalışmalarını etkileyebilmektedir.

Gelişmekte olan piyasalarda likidite, bankacılık ve borç krizlerinin kaynakları ile ilgili birçok araştırma bulunmaktadır.Ancak, finansal krizlerle ile ilgili çalışmalar daha çok likidite, borç ve bankacılık krizleri üzerinde yoğunlaşmış, hisse senedipiyasası ihmal edilmiştir. Nitekim, finansal sistemi değerlendirmek için hisse senedi piyasasının ve bankacılık sektönün eşzamanlı olarak incelenmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye için finansal sıkıntı endeksi oluşturmak ve finansalsıkıntı ile petrol fiyatları arasındaki ilişkiyi tespit etmektir. Bu bağlamda ilk olarak Türkiye için finansal sıkıntı endeksihesaplanmış, ardından finansal sıkıntı ve petrol fiyatları arasındaki ilişki ARDL yaklaşımı ile incelenmiştir. Araştırma bulgularınagöre, finansal sıkıntı endeksi finansal krizleri öngörmede başarılı olmuş ve petrol fiyatları ile finansal sıkıntı arasında negatifyönlü bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir.

Peroneal sinirin tuzak nöropatisi alt ekstremitede en sık görülen tuzak nöropatidir. Peroneal sinir fibula üst boynu yanından veya peroneus longus kasının orijinindeki tünel şeklindeki açıklıktan geçerken zedelenebilir. Buna bağlı olarak hastalarda kas güçsüzlüğüne sekonder düşük ayak ve yürüme güçlüğü gelişebilir. Bu yazıda çömelme egzersizi sonrası düşük ayak tanılı bir olgunun klinik değerlendirme, tanı ve tedavi planlanması tartışılmıştır.

Double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) binding and cleavage by Cas9 is a hallmark of type II CRISPR-Cas bacterial adaptive immunity. All known Cas9 enzymes are thought to recognize DNA exclusively as a natural substrate, providing protection against DNA phage and plasmids. Here, we show that Cas9 enzymes from both subtypes II-A and II-C can recognize and cleave single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) by an RNA-guided mechanism that is independent of a protospacer-adjacent motif (PAM) sequence in the target RNA. RNA-guided RNA cleavage is programmable and site-specific, and we find that this activity can be exploited to reduce infection by single-stranded RNA phage in vivo. We also demonstrate that Cas9 can direct PAM-independent repression of gene expression in bacteria. These results indicate that a subset of Cas9 enzymes have the ability to act on both DNA and RNA target sequences, and suggest the potential for use in programmable RNA targeting applications.

Bu çalışma dane mısır yetiştiriciliğinde yabancı otlarla mücadele etkinliğini artırmak amacıyla 2011-2012 yıllarında Karadeniz Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsünde yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada yabancı ot rekabetini azaltmak için erken toprak işleme ve bu alanlarda ekim öncesi ve çıkış öncesi glyphosate’nin kullanılabilirliği diğer mücadele yöntemleri ile kombine edilerek araştırılmıştır. Deneme tesadüf bloklarında bölünmüş parseller deneme deseninde yürütülmüş ana parsellere glyphosate’nin uygulama zamanları ve mekanik mücadele yerleştirilmiş, alt parsellere ise çıkış öncesi ve sonrası herbisit uygulamaları ve çapa uygulaması yerleştirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda mısır tarımında ekim öncesi ve çıkış öncesi glyphosate uygulamalarının yapılabileceği belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada en düşük yabancı ot biyoması ise ekim öncesi glyphosate ve çıkış sonrası selektif herbisitlerin birlikte kullanıldığı parsellerden elde edilmiştir.

Accurate assessment of crop-weed control period is an essential part for planning an effective weed management for cropping systems. Field experiments were conducted during the seasonal growing periods of potato in 2012 and 2013 in Kayseri, Turkey to assess critical period for weed control (CPWC) in potato. A four parameter log-logistic model was used to assist in monitoring and analysing two sets of related, relative crop yield. Data was obtained during the periods of increased weed interference and as a comparison, during weed-free periods. In both years, the relative yield of potato decreased with a longer period of weed-interference whereas increased with increasing length of weed free period. In 2012, the CPWC ranged from 112 to 1014 GDD (Growing Degree Days) which corresponded to 8 to 66 days after crop emergence (DAE) and between 135-958 GDD (10 to 63 DAE) in the following year based on a 5% acceptable yield loss. Weed-free conditions needed to be established as early as the first week after crop emergence and maintained as late as ten weeks after crop emergence to avoid more than 5% yield loss in the potato. The results suggest that CPWC could well assist potato producers to significantly reduce the expense of their weed management programs as well as improving its efficacy.

The aim of this review is to examine parents' emotion socialization practices, which play an important role in the emotional and social competence of their children during early childhood. Emotional socialization occurs in three ways: parents' expression of their own feelings, discussion about emotions with their children, and parents' reactions to their children's negative emotions. In particular, parents' responses to their children's negative emotions are an issue that is strongly discussed in the literature. These responses are divided into two categories: supportive and non-supportive responses. Supportive parents see their children's negative emotions as an opportunity to approach and guide them to cope with these feelings. By contrast, non-supportive parents see negative feelings as a threat and believe that they and their children should be rescued from these feelings as soon as possible. The ways parents cope with their own emotions, their psychological health, personality traits and marital satisfaction are important factors that directly shape parents' emotional socialization practices, which are included in the limited studies in the literature. It is important to consider these factors in order to better comprehend emotion socialization. Emotional socialization research mainly focuses on the inuence of mothers in the process of their children's social and emotional development. The studies that examine fathers' contributions to their children's social and emotional development are limited. Further, ndings reveal that emotional socialization practices are shaped according to the temperament of children and therefore, similar practices may have different effects on children with different temperament.

Objectives: To investigate the correlation between biomicroscopic and confocal microscopic findings in eyes with amiodarone-induced cornea verticillata. Materials and Methods: Sixteen eyes of 8 patients with amiodarone-induced cornea verticillata were evaluated. Eyes with keratopathy were staged according to Orlando slit-lamp microscopy classification. Confocal laser-scanning microscopy was performed by Rostock cornea modulated to HRT II (Heidelberg Engineering GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany), and staging was done according to Falke’s classification that is based on the degree of epithelial basal cell deposit accumulation. The relation between biomicroscopic staging and corneal involvement detected on confocal microscopy was assessed by Spearman correlation analysis. Results: The mean age of the 8 patients (5 male, 3 female) was 63.1±7.2 (50 to 69) years. The mean duration of drug treatment was 12.1±11.8 (3 to 36) months, and the mean drug treatment dose was 312.5±223.2 (100 to 800) mg/day. At the time of examination, 50% of the patients had already given up the treatment at a mean of 29.5±15.8 (6 to 40) months ago, whereas the other 50% were still on amiodarone therapy. Hyper-reflecting deposits were observed in the basal epithelium, anterior-, mid-and deep-stroma, and in the endothelium on confocal microscopic examination. Correlation was detected between biomicroscopic and confocal microscopic stages (r=0.770, p

Objectives: To compare the results of pattern reversal visual evoked potentials (VEP) in the fellow eye of patients with unilateral nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) and in the eyes of age-and sex-matched healthy control group. Materials and Methods: Fellow eyes of 30 patients (study group) with unilateral NAION and 30 age-and sex-matched healthy controls (control group) were included in the study. Pattern VEP was recorded and the p100 latencies and amplitudes were obtained. Differences between groups were statistically evaluated using t-test. Results: In the study group, there were 16 (53.3%) men and 14 (46.7%) women, whereas there were 17 (56.7%) men and 13 (43.4%) women in the control group. Mean age of the patients in the study and control groups was 57.9±9.06 and 56.7±9.23 years, respectively. There was not any statistically significant difference regarding mean best-corrected visual acuity between the two groups (p=0.261). The mean P100 latency was 112.4±16.7 ms in the study group and 101.9±1.6 ms in the control group (p=0.03). P100 amplitudes were decreased in the study group compared with the control group (7.03±3.85 µV versus 9.63±2.6 µV) (t-test, p=0.003). Conclusion: In our study, we determined that P100 latencies were prolonged and P100 amplitudes were decreased in the fellow eyes of patients with unilateral NAION compared with the healthy control subjects. These data could suggest axon loss due to ischemia, influenced visual cortex response, or subclinical involvement of the fellow eye. These findings could also give a clue to predict the risk of contralateral involvement. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2014; 44: 15-8)

Amaç: Bu araştırmada 2009-2010 yılları arasında Sakarya’da hastanelerin acil servisine intihar girişimi nedeniyle başvuran vakaların değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Bu çalışma Ocak 2009 ve Aralık 2010 tarihleri arasında Sakarya’da bulunan tüm devlet ve özel hastanelerin acil servislerine intihar girişimi nedeniyle başvuran hastaların (n=1566) verileri incelenerek gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bulgular: İki yıl için 15 yaş ve üzeri kaba intihar girişim hızı kadın ve erkeklerde sırasıyla 100000 nüfusta 191.98 ve 51.88’dir. Toplam 1566 vakanın 1236 (%78.9)’sı kadın, 330 (%21.1)’u erkektir ve çoğu 15-24 yaş grubundadır. Hem kadınlarda ve hem de erkeklerde en sık başvurulan intihar şekli ise ilaç ve toksik madde kullanımı idi ve sıklık erkek ve kadınlarda sırasıyla %93.8, %96.8 idi. Tekrarlanan intihar girişim sıklığı kadınlarda %17.2 ve erkeklerde %13.9 bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Bu araştırmada intihar girişim sıklığı kadınlarda erkeklerden daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Ayrıca tekrarlayan intihar girişimi sıklığı araştırma grubunda topluma göre çok yüksek bulunmuştur. İntihar girişimlerini önlemek için risk faktörlerinin ve çözüm yollarının belirlenmesine yönelik topluma dayalı analitik ve müdahale epidemiyolojik araştırmaların yapılmasına ihtiyaç vardır. Anahtar Kelimeler: İntihar girişimi, sıklık, tekrarlayan intihar girişimi Evaluation of suicide attempts in Sakarya Objective: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the general characteristics, the methods that were used and the causes of suicide attempts for the years of 2009-2010 in Sakarya. Methods: The data were gathered from emergency rooms of all public and private hospitals by using a suicide attempt registration form. All patients (n=1566) admitted to the emergency rooms of the hospitals and who had attempted suicide in the period from January 2009 to December 2010 were included in this study. Results: The prevalence of suicide attempts was 191.98 per 100000 population in women and 51.88 per 100000 population in men.One thousand two hundred and thirty six of the total of 1566 (78.9%) suicide attempts during the specified period were committed by females, while the remaining 330 (21.1%) were committed by males; the suicide attempts were concentrated in 15-24 age group. Usage of drugs and toxic substances is the most frequently used method for suicide attempts for both sexes (93.9 % in males, 96.8 % in females). Two hundred and twelve females (17.2%) and 46 males (13.9%) repeated suicide attempt at least once or more. Conclusions: The frequency of suicide attempts was higher among females. In addition, previous suicide attempts were more common in our study population than in community. The investigation of risk factors associated with suicide attempts by analytical and interventional population based epidemiological studies is important for prevention and treatment. Key Words: Suicide attempt, prevalence, repeated suicide attempt

Treatment and prognosis of intrusive luxation can vary depending on the age of the patient, type of dentition, stage of root development, and time and severity of the trauma. Some studies have demonstrated that intrusions of up to 3.0 mm have an excellent prognosis, whereas teeth with severe intrusion or teeth that are intruded more than 6.0 mm present an unfavorable prognosis because of the occurrence of inflammatory resorption and pulp necrosis. The aim of this case report is to present an 11-year-old male patient with complete intrusion of the permanent maxillary left lateral incisor, associated with the adjacent central tooth presenting external resorption, treated by immediate surgical repositioning and root canal treatment with a favorable prognosis. After long-term (3-year) clinical and radiographic follow-up, the teeth appeared normal and the patient was pleased with the outcome.

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The superior properties of carbon aerogels such as porous structure, renewability, low density, high electrical conductivity, and chemical stability have made their use as adsorbent or catalyst in chemical processes widespread. The use of biomass instead of Resorcinol-Formaldehyde as a raw material in the production of carbon aerogel is an environmentally friendly practice as well as reducing the production cost. In the study, carbon aerogel synthesis was carried out by using two different biomasses (bark and brewed tea waste). The biomass used during the synthesis went through the stages of pretreatment (washing/grinding), hydrothermal treatment, drying with supercritical carbon dioxide and carbonization, respectively. XRD, Nitrogen adsorption - desorption analysis, SEM and FTIR analyzes were used in the characterization of the synthesized materials. Synthesized carbon aerogels are very promising in terms of their use in areas such as energy storage, thermal insulation, environmental cleaning, chemical sensors, with their superior properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) is a self-fertilizing weed species that exerts negative impacts on wheat production and herbicides are intensively used to manage it. Cross-fertilization may lead to genetic differentiation in this species. Therefore, this study investigated genetic diversity among wild mustard populations collected from wheat fields across various regions in Türkiye. Genetic variation was evaluated using 5 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers in populations collected from 30 different locations. Populations were analyzed using UPGMA (unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean) and principal component analysis (PCA). The mean genetic diversity (GD) and polymorphism information content (PIC) values were 0.752 and 0.844, respectively. High genetic variability was recorded among populations within geographic locations. The populations were categorized into two major groups by UPGMA. There was no apparent geographic isolation among tested populations, which displayed a high degree of variability. The primary source of this variability is thought to be the adaptability of wild mustard seeds dispersed through various methods across diverse locations. Despite being a predominantly self-pollinating species, wild mustard may also employ some cross-pollination mechanisms. In conclusion, SSR markers proved useful in determining genetic diversity in outcrossing species, especially where no prior genotypic information is available. The study suggests that genetic diversity is maintained in wild mustard populations even with rotational farming practices and intensive use of herbicides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]