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[EN] The identification of heterotic groups may provide an important advantage for hybrid eggplant (Solanum melongena) breeding. In this study, we evaluated the combining ability and heterotic patterns of eggplant lines in order to develop improved eggplant cultivars resistant to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae (FOM). A set of 62 inbred lines was evaluated with 32 morphological descriptors and their relationships were analyzed through a multivariate cluster analysis. A subset of 39 inbred lines was selected and, together with 15 sister lines, they were crossed with two testers to investigate their general combining ability (GCA) and to establish heterotic groups. Twenty selected inbred lines with high GCA were intercrossed using a half-diallel mating design. Eighty-two hybrids were obtained and evaluated for yield and yield components. We found no association between morphological distance and membership to specific heterotic groups. However, heterosis for yield was found in hybrids among parents from different heterotic groups or that were included in all heterotic groups. Among the hybrids evaluated, some were found to be highly productive and resistant to FOM, being candidates for the registration of new cultivars with dramatically improved characteristics., Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey financially supported this study with Project No: 107G027. Mariola Plazas gratefully acknowledges financial support from Generalitat Valenciana and Fondo Social Europeo for a post-doctoral grant (APOSTD/2018/014).

WOS: 000432227100003 The host resistance level of pure line materials was assessed in the genepool for the purpose of breeding. The highest resistance to the pathogen was observed in bell-type pepper. Moreover, genetic diversity of pure lines was investigated using selected inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers. Generally, genetic markers showed genetic diversity, so that long-type pure lines were separated from the other accessions. This is the first report on host reactions of Turkish pure lines as breeding material. These results provide significant information for future pepper breeding programs. TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [113O882, COST 1208] Supported by COST 1208 actions through TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey), Project No. 113O882.

Botrytis cinerea(teleomorph: Botryotinia fuckeliana)causes gray mold disease on vegetable crops in greenhouses. Profound knowledgeon pathogen diversity is necessary for efficiently disease management. In thisstudy, forty-two B. cinerea isolatescollected from 36 different greenhouses in Antalya province of Turkey wereinvestigated. Twelve SRAP (sequence-related amplified polymorphism) and 18 ISSR(inter simple sequence repeat) primers producing high polymorphic fragmentswere used to genetic diversity of B.cinerea isolates infecting dill, basil, lettuce, bean, cucumber, tomato,pepper and eggplant. The unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averageanalysis (UPGMA) was used to evaluate of combined ISSR and SRAP data showing asimilarity range 0.15-0.90 among the isolates. Cophenetic correlation of thetree was high level (r=0.93). Interestingly, cluster analysis showed adivergent group consisting of lettuce isolates which were genetically differentfrom the other isolates. On the other hand, transposable elements (Flipper and Boty) were detected amongisolates from all the hosts. Isolates containing only the Fliper element were detected. The results showed that geneticallycharacterized B. cinerea populationsby a high level of genetic diversity were associated with genotype flow and theevolutionary potential of B. cinerea.In further studies, the newly tested molecular markers are useful and can besuggested for analyzing of genetic diversity and population structure of thispathogen on different hosts., Botrytis cinerea (teleomorph:Botryotinia fuckeliana) örtüaltısebze yetiştiriciliğinde kurşuni küf hastalığı etmenidir. Patojende oluşanfarklılıkların bilinmesi hastalıkla mücadelenin etkinliğini arttırmaktadır.Çalışmada, Türkiye’nin Antalya ilinde yer alan 36 farklı seradan 42 adet izolatkullanılmıştır. On iki SRAP (sequence-related amplified polymorphism) primerkombinasyonu ve 18 ISSR (inter simple sequence repeat) primeri dereotu,fesleğen, marul, fasulye, hıyar, domates, biber ve patlıcandan elde edilen B. cinerea izolatlarının genetikfarklılıklarının belirlenmesinde oldukça yüksek polimorfizm sağlamışlardır.ISSR ve SRAP markırlardan elde edilen sonuçlar UPGMA (The unweighted pair-groupmethod with arithmetic average analysis) analizine göre izolatlar arasında 0.15-0.90oranında değişen benzerlik elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca, cophenetic correlationdeğeri r=0.93 ile oldukça yüksek bulunmuştur. Cluster analizi sonuçlarıdeğerlendirildiğinde marul izolatları diğer izolatlara göre oldukça uzakkümelenmiştir. Ayrıca, tüm izolatlar için tranpozabl elementler (Flipper ve Boty) araştırılmış ve sadece Flipperelement tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen genetik karakterizasyon sonuçlarınagöre, B. cinerea populasyonundaoldukça yüksek seviyede genetik farklılıklar bulunmuştur. Bu durum, B.cinerea’nın evrimselleşmepotensiyeli ve gen akışlarından kaynaklanabilir. Farklı konukçulardan eldeedilen bu patojenin genetik farklılıklarının belirlenmesinde kullanılanmoleküler markırlar, ileride yapılacak çalışmalara da ışık tutmaktadır.

Botrytis cinerea is a polyphagous fungal pathogen causing gray mold disease. Moreover, it is one of the most destructive infections of small fruit crops such as pepper (Capsicum annnum L.). C. sativum is a species belonging to the Solanaceae family and Turkey is one of the main producers in the World. In the present work, aiming to obtain information useful for pest management, fifty B. cinerea isolates collected from Turkey and a reference isolate (B05.10) were characterized using molecular markers and fungicide resistance genes. Morphological and molecular (ITS1- ITS4) identification of B. cinerea isolates, the degree of virulence and mating types were determined. Since one or several allelic mutations in the histidine kinase (Bos1) and ?-tubulin genes generally confer the resistance to fungicides, the sequences of these target genes were investigated in the selected isolates, which allowed the identification of two different haplotypes. Mating types were also determined by PCR assays using primer specific for MAT1-1 alpha gene (MAT1-1-1) and MAT1-2 HMG (MAT1-2-1) of B. cinerea. Twenty-two out of 50 isolates (44 %) were MAT1-2, while 38% were MAT1-1. Interestingly, out of whole studied samples, 9 isolates (18%) were heterokaryotic or mixed colonies. In addition, cluster and population structure analyses identified five main groups and two genetic pools, respectively, underlining a good level of variability in the analysed panel. The results highlighted the presence of remarkable genetic diversity in B. cinerea isolates collected in a crucial economical area for pepper cultivation in Turkey and the data will be beneficial in view of future gray mold disease management.

The aim of this study was to diagnos bacterial speck of tomato (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato) pathogen using biochemical andmolecular methods and to determine genetical diversity of Pst isolates by using ISSR and SRAP molecular markers. In thestudy, survey studies were carried out in West Mediterranean Region to collectbacterial pathogen of tomato (Pst).10 Pst isolates were collected duringsurvey studies. After isolation, the pathogen was diagnosed with biochemicaland molecular diagnostic methods. Besides, genetic diversities of Pst isolates were determined using ISSRand SRAP molecular markers. As a result, bacterial speck of tomato was seendepending on the climatic conditions at the region and Pst was successfully detected by using classical and molecularmethods. ISSR and SRAP markers were successively used for analyzing geneticdiversity of Pst isolates and theseprimers could be efficiently used to separate isolates of disease agent., Buçalışmanın amacı, Batı Akdeniz Bölgesi örtüaltı domates yetiştiriciliğindeönemli olan Bakteriyel Benek (Pst) hastalık etmeninin klasik vemoleküler yöntemlerle tanılanması ve Pst izolatlarının genetik farklılıklarının ISSR ve SRAP markırlarıkullanılarak moleküler yöntemlerle belirlenmesidir. Çalışma kapsamında, BatıAkdeniz Bölgesi’nde domates yetiştiriciliğinde ortaya çıkan hastalık etmeninin(Pst izolatlarının)toplanması için survey çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Survey çalışması süresincegüdümlü örnekleme yapılmış ve 10 tane Pstizolatı toplanmıştır. Patojen izole edildikten sonra biyokimyasal ve moleküleryöntemlerle tanılanmıştır. Pst izolatları arasındaki genetikselfarklılıklar ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat) ve SRAP (Sequence-RelatedAmplified Polymorphism) moleküler markırlar ile belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır.Sonuç olarak, patojenin bölgede iklim şartlarına bağlı olarak görüldüğü veklasik ve moleküler olarak başarıyla tespit edilebildiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Fusarium oxysporum f. melongenae is a major soil-borne pathogen of eggplant (Solanum melongena). ISSR and RAPD markers were used to characterize Fusarium oxysporum f. melongenae isolates collected from eggplant fields in southern Turkey. Those isolates were not pathogenic to tomato. Pathogens were identified by their morphology, and their identity was confirmed by PCR amplifi- cation using the specific primer PF02-3. The isolates were classified into groups on the basis of ISSR and RAPD fingerprints, which showed a level of genetic speci- ficity and diversity not previously identified in Fusarium oxysporum f. melongenae, suggesting that genetic differences are related to the pathogen in the Mediterranean region. The primers selected to characterize Fusarium oxysporum f. melongenae may be used to determine genetic differences and pathogen virulence. This study is the first to characterize eggplant F. oxysporum species using ISSR and RAPD.

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) races and F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis lycopersici (FORL), the causal agents of root rot and crown rot diseases, respectively, cause serious economic losses in tomato greenhouses where production is intensive in the West Mediterranean region of Turkey. The isolates were collected from West Mediterranean region of Turkey and were characterized by specific primers based on three races (r1, r2, r3), besides pathogenicity tests in in vivo conditions Additionally, a scheme was developed using newly tested ISSR and SRAP markers to a genotyping database and to determine the possible origin of these pathogens. The present study provided new information on these pathogens based on their races and their dominant existence in this region that has not been reported before. Genetic diversity detected in the same races of the pathogen may be associated with difficulties in controlling the pathogen and a possible resistance formation effort exerted by the pathogen to chemicals used in plant protection in tomato greenhouses. Molecular analyses indicated genetic diversity in pathogen isolates identified as r3, r2 and FORL, which may be associated with abiotic stress to which the pathogens were exposed.