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BACKGROUND: The measures developed to fight the COVID-19 pandemic caused fear, stress and anxiety in people over time. It was reported that pandemic fatigue, associated with the gradual loss of motivation to follow the implemented protective measures, emerged in societies. OBJECTIVE: This cross-sectional-methodological study aimed to validate the Turkish version of the Pandemic Fatigue Scale, developed by Lilleholt et al. (2020). METHODS: A web-based questionnaire was conducted to examine the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the PFS. 1149 participants from all regions in Turkey participated. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were performed. RESULTS: As a result of the KMO and Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity, the scale was suitable for the factor analysis. According to EFA, the scale has two sub-factors. The first sub-factor explained 48.7%, and the second sub-factor explained 16.7% of the total variance. Factor loadings of items varied between 0.67 and 0.89. CFA shows that acceptable fit values were obtained for the RMSEA, GFI, AGFI, CFI, NFI and IFI fit indices. CONCLUSIONS: The results support that PFS is a valid and reliable screening tool that can be used to measure the phenomenon of pandemic fatigue.

Çanakkale Savaşı, gerek Türk gerekse yabancı araştırmacılar tarafından en çok incelenen Birinci Dünya Savaşı cephelerinden birisidir. Ancak bu araştırma çokluğunda havacılık faaliyetleri yeteri kadar ilgi çekmemiştir. Çanakkale Savaşlı sırasında yaşanan havacılık faaliyetleri daha çok popüler çalışmalarda yer bulmuş ve hakkıyla incelenememiştir. Bu yetersiz çalışmaların çoğu da kaynak zenginliğine sahip olmayıp sınırlı kaynaklarla değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu çalışmada Çanakkale Savaşı’nın ilk safhasında İttifak hava gücünü oluşturan Ark Royal uçak gemisinin ve sahip olduğu deniz uçaklarının faaliyetleri incelenecektir. Dönem olarak Ark Royal’in Çanakkale’ye geliş tarihi olan 17 Şubat 1915 tarihinden deniz savaşının yaşandığı 18 Mart 1915 günü de dâhil olmak üzere altmış bir günlük dönem incelenmiştir. Bu inceleme sırasında; İngiliz, Alman ve Türk askeri arşiv belgeleri ile Çanakkale Savaşlarını tüm yönleri ile konu alan tüm Türk tarih çalışmaları ve İngiliz resmi yayınları ile yabancı yayınlar incelenmiştir. Bu inceleme sırasında yabancı arşiv ve yayınlardan tespit edilen bilgilerin Türk kaynakları ile karşılaştırması yapılarak en doğru bilgiye ulaşılmaya çalışılmıştır.

Vecihi Hürkuş, Türk havacılık tarihinin en bilinen isimlerinden birisidir. Türk havacılık tarihinde birçok hizmetlerde bulunmuş ve pek çok ilke imza atmıştır. Bu öneminden dolayı, Vecihi Bey’in hayatı ve faaliyetleri, popüler literatürün en çok işlenen konularından biri olmuştur. Hatta bazı kişi ve kesimler tarafından tabu haline getirilip, dokunulamaz ve eleştirilemez görülmektedir. Vecihi Hürkuş, yaptığı hizmetlerle gerçek bir kahramandır ancak Türk havacılık tarihinin tek kahramanı olmadığı gibi eleştirilmez de değildir. Vecihi Bey’in, Türk havacılık tarihinde gerçekleştirdiği ilklerden biri de ilk sivil pilot okulunu açmasıdır. Kendi ürettiği uçakları kullandığı okulda istekli gençleri pilot olarak yetiştirmeye gayret etmiştir. Okulun faaliyetlerini sürdürebilmek için birçok zorlukla karşılaşsa da, 1934 yılında 30 Ağustos Zafer Bayramına kendi uçakları ve yetiştirdiği öğrencileri ile katılma başarısını göstermiştir. 1934 yılı sonlarına doğru Vecihi Sivil Tayyare Mektebi, Genelkurmay Başkanlığı tarafından kapılmıştır. Buna gerekçe olarak sivil havacılık faaliyetlerinin daha büyük çapta devlet desteğiyle devam ettirileceği gösterilmiştir. Bu çalışmada Vecihi Hürkuş’un sivil tayyare mektebi ile ilgili anlatılar, arşiv belgeleri, yazılı eserler ve dönem basın kaynakları ile karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenecektir. Dönem olarak 1932-1934 yılları kapsanacak, sadece pilot okulu ve etiğimi ile ilgilenilerek, uçak üretim faaliyetleri, reklam uçuşları, Vecihi Hayat Liseleri kapsam dışında tutulacaktır. Çalışmanın sonunda Vecihi Sivil Tayyare Mektebinin faaliyetleri tespit edilmeye çalışılacaktır.

This study aims to examine dental malpractice cases in Turkey through the Supreme Court’s decisions. In this study, the dental malpractice decisions of the Supreme Court of Appeals, one of the highest judicial bodies in Turkey, are evaluated. It is seen that 83.3% of dental malpractice lawsuits filed against dentists occur in private enterprises (private clinics, practice, private hospitals, etc.). It was also discovered that most of the decisions were made in 2014, 2015, and 2018. Furthermore, the majority of the decisions (93.7%) are compensation cases. The cases were brought mainly by adults (89.6%). The patients mostly applied to the dental clinic for a dental prosthesis (25%) and implant (18.8%). Choosing the wrong treatment method (66.7%) and service failure (14.6%) are the leading causes of malpractice. Health consequences such as severe pain (31.3%), inability to fully perform the chewing function due to defective prosthesis (10.4%), mouth sores, and difficulty in swallowing (6.3%) occurred in patients. It was determined that 7 (14.6%) cases had to undergo a second operation due to malpractice. The average amount of pecuniary and non-pecuniary compensation demanded from physicians is 53.431 TL. The majority of the decisions (52.1%) were reversed under Article 428 of the HUMK (Law of Civil Procedure). Like other healthcare professionals, dentists are faced with a malpractice lawsuit and can pay high compensation penalties. There is a need to develop individual, institutional, and national strategies for malpractice, and necessary precautions must be taken. Bu çalışmada Türkiye'nin yüksek yargı organlarından biri olan Yargıtay'ın diş hekimliğine yönelik malpraktis kararları değerlendirilmektedir. Diş hekimleri aleyhine açılan malpraktis davalarının %83,3'ünün özel işletmelerde (özel klinikler, muayenehaneler, özel hastaneler vb.) meydana geldiği görülmektedir. Kararların büyük çoğunluğunun 2014, 2015 ve 2018 yıllarında verildiği ve kararların büyük çoğunluğunun (%93,7) tazminat davaları olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Hastalar diş kliniğine en çok diş protezi (%25) ve implant (%18,8) için başvurmuştur. Yanlış tedavi yöntemini seçmek (%66,7) ve hizmet hatası (%14,6) malpraktis nedenlerinin başında gelmektedir. Hastalarda şiddetli ağrı (%31,3), bozuk protez nedeniyle çiğneme fonksiyonunu tam olarak yerine getirememe (%10,4), ağız yaraları, yutma güçlüğü (%6,3) gibi sağlık sorunları ortaya çıkmıştır. 7 (%14,6) olgunun malpraktis nedeniyle ikinci kez ameliyat olmak zorunda kaldığı belirlendi. Hekimlerden talep edilen ortalama maddi ve manevi tazminat tutarı 53.431 TL'dir. Kararların çoğunluğu (%52,1) HUMK'nın (Hukuk Usulü Muhakemeleri Kanunu) 428. maddesi uyarınca bozuldu. Diğer sağlık çalışanları gibi diş hekimleri de malpraktis davası ile karşı karşıya kalmakta ve yüksek tazminat cezaları ödeyebilmektedir. Malpraktis için bireysel, kurumsal ve ulusal stratejiler geliştirilmesi ve gerekli önlemlerin alınması gerekmektedir.

Çanakkale Savaşı, Türk tarih incelemelerinde olduğu kadar dünya askeri tarih incelemelerinde en çok araştırma yapılan savaşlardan birisidir. Savaşın hemen hemen her boyutu ayrı ayı incelendi. Çanakkale Savaşı’na duyulan bu ilgi ve geniş literatürün aksine incelenmeyeni gözlerden uzak kalan konu savaşın havacılık boyutu oldu. Çanakkale Savaşı hava faaliyetlerini incelen çalışmalar bir elin parmaklarını geçmedi ve ne yazık ki konuya Türk perspektif ve Türk kaynaklarından bakmaktan ileriye gidemedi. Bilinenin aksime Çanakkale Savaşı yoğun bir hava harekâtına sahne oldu. Türk havacılarının Birinci Dünya Savaşı sırasında görev aldığı ilk cephe Çanakkale Cephesi olurken, ilk operatif hava birliği olan 1. Tayyare Bölüğü, Çanakkale Cephesi’nde kuruldu. İtilaf Devletleri de Çanakkale’de büyük denebilecek bir hava gücü bulundurdu. 18 Mart 1915’de İtilaf Donanmasının Çanakkale Boğazı’nı geçmemesi üzerine, çatışmalar müşterek bir harekâta evrilirken, bölgedeki İtilaf hava güce de sayı olarak arttırıldı. Harp sahasına gelen ilk İtilaf hava gücünü barındıran Ark Royal uçak gemisine uçak takviyesi yapılırken, İngiliz Donanma Hava Servisine bağlı 3. Filo’da gölgede konuşlandırıldı. Bu hava gücü daha sonra Fransız deniz uçakları ile takviye edildi. İngiliz havacılar 25 Nisan 1915 çıkartmasında kan denizinin üzerinde uçtuklarını ifade ettiler. Yüksekten ve geniş bakış açısından yaşanan kıyafetin canlı tanıkları oldular. Bu çalışmada 25 Nisan çıkartması öncesinde İtilaf hava gücünün arttırılmasına yönelik çalışmalara ve çıkartma günü İtilaf hava gücünün faaliyetlerine odaklanacaktır. Konu İngiliz ve Türk arşiv kaynakları ve dönemin şahitlerinin anıları ile karşılaştırmalı incelenerek, İtilaf hava gücünün çıkartma anındaki etkinliği ortaya konulmaya çalışılacaktır.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare type 1 choroidal neovascularization (CNV) characteristics in eyes with pachychoroid neovasculopathy (PNV) and neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods: Treatment naive 23 eyes of 23 patients with PNV and 24 eyes of 24 patients with nAMD were evaluated. The height of pigment epithelial detachment (PED) and the central macular thickness were determined. OCTA sensitivity, CNV area, morphological patterns, and retinal superficial capillary plexus vessel density (SCP-VD) values were compared. The frequency of quiescent CNV, subretinal hyperreflective exudation (SHE), subretinal/intraretinal fluid, serous PED, double-layer sign (DLS), and pachyvessels were noted. Results: CNV was detected on OCTA in 83.3% of nAMD eyes and 91.3% of PNV eyes ( p = 0.66). Indistinct pattern was more common (74% vs 50%) and the CNV area (mm2) was smaller in PNV (0.77 ± 0.54 vs 1.57 ± 1.43) but did not reach significant levels ( p = 0.27 and 0.33 respectively). SCP-VD was similar between the groups ( p = 0.38). Statistically significant differences were found between groups in age and subfoveal choroidal thickness ( p 0.05). Conclusion: Morphological features, area, and activation findings of type 1 CNV may play a limited role in differentiating nAMD and PNV cases.

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the rate of smartphone addiction in university students, factors that influence this addiction and the relationship between smartphone usage and headache. Materials and Methods: This study is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. Sampling was performed using the sample determination formula for a known population. In the collection of data, socio-demographic characteristics, variables related to headache and “The Smartphone Addiction Inventory – Short Form (SPAI-SF)” were used. Data were evaluated using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), the independent t-test, the Chi-square analysis and logistic regression analysis, and were expressed as counts, percentages and mean±standard deviation. Results: Of the participants, 56.6% were female, 43.4% were male; 55.2% were aged 20 and under, 61.4% were living with their parents and 33.5% were living in a dormitory. 86.3% of the students stated that they used their smartphones for messaging and/or calling, 72.7% for internet, 69.4% for social media etc. While 32.7% of the students were addicted to their smartphones, 67.7% were not. A significant relationship was found between the status of smartphone addiction of the students and the frequency of headaches, the severity of headaches, the duration of daily smartphone usage and the duration of smartphone usage before sleep (p

Aim and objective To compare central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements obtained by handheld contact ultrasound pachymetry (HCUP) and non-contact pachymetry devices. Materials and methods Ninety eyes of 90 patients (52 male and 38 female) were included in the study. Measurements from two non-contact devices, —specular microscopy (SM, Konan Medical, CA, USA) and Oculus Pentacam (Oculus Inc., Germany)—were compared against HCUP (Pachmate 2, DGH Technology, Inc, PA, USA). Ultrasound measurements were obtained 3 times by the same user and averaged. The differences were calculated by one-way ANOVA. Agreement between measurements were assessed by Bland–Altman plots and intraclass correlation coefficient tests. Coefficient of repeatability (%, CR) was defined as 1.96*standard deviations of the differences between pairs of measurements divided by the average of the means. Results The mean age was 34.31 ± 14.39 (14–74) years, and the mean intraocular pressure was 16.48 ± 2.63 mm Hg (12–21). Mean CCT measured by HCUP, SM, and Pentacam was 557.76 ± 36.76 μm, 550.29 ± 43.74 μm, and 541.41 ± 35.7 μm, respectively (p < 0.05). In the Bland–Altman plot, 95% limit of agreements were 19.5 and 14.18 μm among HCUP measurements, 34.55 μm between HCUP and Pentacam, 41.49 μm between SM and Pentacam, and 46.98 μm between HCUP and SM. CR values (%) were 3.49, 2.54, 6.28, 7.68, and 8.47, respectively. Conclusion There were significant differences between the mean CCT values of the measurement devices. Clinical significance Contact and non-contact devices may not interchangeable in the clinical assessment of CCT. How to cite this article Mayali H, Altinisik M, Diri I, et al. Comparison of Central Corneal Thickness Measurements by Contact and Non-contact Pachymetry Devices. J Curr Glaucoma Pract 2021;15(1):28–31.

PURPOSE To compare the effects of phacoemulsification surgery (PE) using an anterior chamber maintainer (ACM) and conventional PE using an ophthalmic viscosurgical device (OVD) on corneal endothelial cells. SETTING Department of Ophthalmology, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey. DESIGN Prospective randomized controlled trial. METHODS Eyes in the OVD group (n = 50) underwent conventional PE, whereas eyes in the ACM group (n = 50) underwent PE using an ACM. Endothelial cell density (ECD), coefficient of variation (CV), hexagonality (HEX), and noncontact central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements were performed by specular microscopy before and at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after PE. RESULTS This study included 100 eyes of 97 patients undergoing PE. The mean age was 64.7 ± 10.6 years in the OVD group, 64.0 ± 12.6 years in the ACM group (P > .05). The groups did not differ significantly in preoperative ECD, CV, HEX, and CCT or total PE time (P > .05 for all). ECD was significantly lower in the ACM group compared with the OVD group at postoperative 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months (P = .002, P = .002, and P = .001, respectively). Similarly, ECD loss compared with preoperative value was greater in the ACM group at all postoperative timepoints (P = .003, P = .001, and P = .001, respectively). CV increased and HEX decreased in both groups postoperatively (P > .05 for both). CCT showed a transient increase of less than 10 μm at postoperative 1 month in both groups (P = .296). CONCLUSIONS PE with ACM was associated with greater corneal ECD loss compared with conventional PE. ACM should not be used during PE in patients with limited corneal endothelial reserve.

To analyze early quantitative changes in the choroidal neovascularization (CNV) area observed with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) after single anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injection.Treatment-naive patients with CNV secondary to neovascular age-related macular degeneration were analyzed immediately before and ~4 weeks after anti-VEGF injection. The primary endpoints of the study included changes in CNV total and vascular area. Secondary endpoints were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (cMT), central total macular thickness (cTMT), and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT).A total of 27 patients (69.19 ± 5.91 years, 21 men/6 women, 14 type 1 NV, 11 type 2 NV, and 2 type 3 NV) were included in the study. There was a significant increase in BCVA and decreases in cMT, cTMT, and SFCT after treatment (Changes in CNV total and vascular area seem to have limited sensitivity as a biomarker in terms of activation, as wide variability was observed in CNV area after anti-VEGF injection.

Purpose: It is aimed to reveal the problems experienced by patients with Muscular Dystrophy (MD) in accessing health services during the COVID-19 process and solutions for these problems.Methods: The research is a qualitative study. The participants were reached with the snowball sampling method, and since they were in the pandemic process, the problems they experienced were tried to be revealed by providing access via online methods.Results: Participants are mostly male. Half of the participants are married, and half are single. Participants mostly have a primary education level. Most of the participants do not work. Participants primarily reside in the city center. In addition, nearly half of the participants declared that their income is below 2000TL. Conclusion: In this study, some significant findings of the pandemic regarding MD patients' feelings and thoughts about their life practices, treatments, and access to health services they need for the disease were revealed. Patients with MD stated that they could not easily access the health services they wanted and needed due to muscle weakness. In their opinion, one of the most important reasons for this situation is that the treatments they need are not available in every hospital, or they cannot access them due to their financial and social problems. Another reason pointed out is that the health workers in the family physicians and primary health care institutions they are closest to do not have information about their diseases.

Introduction: The structural and vascular changes in the retina and choroid in women in the third trimester of pregnancy were analyzed using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods: Forty women in the third trimester of uncomplicated pregnancy and 40 age-matched healthy women were included. Vascular density (VD) in the superficial and deep capillary plexuses (SCP/DCP), foveal density (FD), and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area and perimetry measured with OCTA, as well as OCT measurements of central macular thickness (CMT) and choroidal thickness (CT) were compared between the groups. Correlations between structural OCT parameters and vascular OCTA metrics were analyzed. Results: The mean gestational age was 34 (28–41) weeks. Mean age was comparable in the groups ( p = 0.732). The pregnant women had significantly higher parafoveal DCP-VD ( p = 0.015), FAZ area ( p = 0.044), and FD ( p = 0.002). Mean subfoveal CT was 21 µm higher in pregnant women but was not significant ( p = 0.472). There was no difference in CMT ( p = 0.448). FAZ metrics were positively correlated with CT in pregnants and with CMT in the control group ( p 0.05). Conclusions: Considering the effects of the probable covariant factors CMT and CT, systemic changes in pregnant women in their third trimester may cause an increase in VD in the macula and parafoveal DCP.

The principle of "protecting is both superior and cheaper than treatment", which is one of the main principles of public health, will be often mentioned in terms of new world health policies after coronavirus (COVID-19). Forasmuch as the fact that the states did not fulfill the protective measures in the country's health policies caused very devastating results in the first 3 weeks as in the case of Europe after COVID-19 (healthcare personnel not having access to mask-protective materials, healthy individuals not having access to enough mask, patients not being able to find adequate health services). The lack of precautions for preventive measures reveals that therapeutic health care services will not work alone in the time of severe-destructive-spreading epidemics such as COVID-19. Because it was seen in the first wave of the epidemic that the world population, which did not have personal protective measures, soon became completely the host of the disease after the first transition from animal to human in terms of having and spreading the disease symptomatically or presymptomatically. It is clear that Covid-19 will further expand the importance of consuetudinary protective measures (personal and environmental) over the next century. It is clear that Covid-19 will further expand the importance of consuetudinary protective measures (personal and environmental) in the next century. This situation will be considered as the normal use of masks in places where the density of people is high, portable hand disinfectants will be used, frequent washing of the hands with the usual soap, personal protection measures, etc. reveals that many examples will lead to very strong behavioral changes. Governments are required to change policy on preventive health measures after Covid-19 and take permanent measures that will take under affect the entire population, starting with primary schools., Halk sağlığının ana kavramlarından biri olan “korumak tedaviden hem üstün hem de ucuzdur” ilkesi, Koronavirüs (COVİD-19) sonrası yeni dünya sağlık politikaları açısından adından sıkça söz ettirecektir. Zira devletlerin ülke sağlık politikalarında koruyucu önlem politikalarını yerine getirmemiş olmaları, COVİD-19 sonrası Avrupa örneğinde olduğu gibi ilk 3 haftada yüksek yıkıcı sonuçlara yol açmıştır (sağlık personelinin maskeye-koruyucu malzemelere ulaşamaması, sağlıklı bireylerin yeterli maskeye ulaşamamış olmaları, hastaların yeterli sağlık hizmetlerini bulamaması). Koruyucu önlemlere yönelik tedbirlerin alınmamış olması tek başına tedavi edici sağlık hizmetlerinin, COVİD-19 gibi şiddetli-yıkıcı-yayılmacı salgın hastalıklar anında işe yaramayacağını ortaya koymaktadır. Zira salgının ilk dalgasında görüldü ki kişisel koruyucu önlemlere sahip olmayan dünya nüfusu, kısa süre içerisinde semptomatik veya presemptomatik olarak hastalığa sahip olma ve hastalığı yayma konusunda ilki hayvandan insana geçme durumundan daha sonra başlı başına tamamen hastalığın konakçısı oluverdiler. COVİD-19’ un gelecek yüzyılda alışılagelmiş koruyucu önlemlerin (kişisel ve çevresel) önemini daha fazla genişleteceği aşikardır. Bu durum bundan sonra insan yoğunluğunun fazla bulunduğu yerlerde maske kullanımının normal kabul edileceği, taşınabilir el dezenfektanlarının kullanılacağı, daha önce alışılagelen sabun ile ellerin sık sık yıkanması kişisel koruma önlemleri vb. pek çok örneklerin çok güçlü davranış değişikliklerine yol açacağını ortaya koymaktadır. Hükümetlerin COVİD-19 sonrası koruyucu sağlık önlemleri konusunda politika değişikliğine giderek, ilkokullardan başlayarak tüm nüfusu etkisi altına alacak kalıcı tedbirleri almaları gerekmektedir.

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the blood lead, cadmium, mercury and chromium levels and serum TAC levels of the parking garage workers exposed to exhaust gas.Method: This study is a cros...

Küresel bir pandemiye yol açan Yeni Tip Koronavirüs Hastalığı (COVID-19) milyonlarca insanın enfekte olmasına ve yüzbinlerce insanın da ölümüne yol açmıştır. COVID-19 insanların büyük bir bölümünde ve vakaların yakın çevrelerininde ciddi bir kaygı yaratmıştır. COVID-19 pandemisiyle ilgili çok sayıda araştırma yapılmakla birlikte pandeminin yarattığı kaygıyı dikkate alan sınırlı çalışmaların olduğu görülmekktedir. Bu çalışmada Sherman A. Lee (2020) tarafından COVID-19 kriziyle ilişkili olası disfonksiyonel anksiyete vakalarını tanımlamak için kısa bir ruh sağlığı taraması olan Koronavirüs Anksiyete Ölçeği (KAÖ)’nin Türkçe geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizlerini gerçekleştirmek amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında 467 yetişkin bireye ulaşılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında 5 maddelik kısa ölçek optimal güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik göstermiştir. Ölçeğin geçerlilik çalışmaları için açıklayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizleri, güvenilirlik çalışmaları için ise iç tutarlılık analizleri yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, geçerlilik ve güvenirlik çalışması yapılan KAÖ tek boyutlu ve beş sorudan oluşan orijinal ölçek ile aynı özellikler göstermektedir. Gerçekleştirilen bu çalışma ile literatüre geçerli ve güvenilir bir KAÖ kazandırıldığı düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışma koronavirüsün yarattığı anksiyetinin ölçülmesinde ve toplum ruh sağlığının geliştirilmesinde gelecekte araştırmalara referans olabileceği düşünülmektedir.

18 Mart 1915 Çanakkale Boğaz Savaşı öncesi İngiliz uçakları tarafından boğazın mayınlardan temizlendiğine dair rapor verildiği Türk tarih araştırmalarında genel kabul görmüş bir olgu. Yazılı kaynaklar açısından bakıldığında; aslında ortada kapanmamış bir hesap yok. Türk kaynakları; 18 Mart saldırısı öncesi İngiliz uçaklarının boğazın mayınlardan temizlendiğine dair rapor verdiğinde hem fikir. Hatta İngiliz kabine belgelerini kaynak olarak kullanan Türk kaynakları bile bu tezi savunuyor. İngiliz tarafında ise Birinci Dünya Savaşını inceleyen hem deniz hem de hava tarihi kaynaklarında bu tür bir bilgiye ulaşmak imkânsız. Türk mayınları ve İngiliz uçakları arasındaki bu ilişkinin ne zaman ve kimin tarafından ilk kez gündeme getirildiğini tespit etmek ise neredeyse imkânsız. İlk kaynağa ulaşmayı amaçlamayan birçok çalışma, bu bilgiyi bulduğu ilk kaynaktan yineleyip duruyor. Bu durum geniş bir araştırma literatürüne sahip olan Çanakkale Savaşı konusunda araştırmacıyı dipsiz bir kuyuya sevk ediyor.18 Mart Çanakkale Boğaz Savaşında İngiliz uçakları ve Türk mayınları arasındaki bu ilişkide incelenmemiş araştırılmamış tek kaynak şüphesiz ki o İngiliz havacıları barındıran Ark Royal uçak gemisinin harekât raporlarıdır. Bu raporlar incelenmeden “İngiliz uçakları boğazın mayınlardan temizlendiğine dair rapor verdiler” sonucuna ulaşılması mümkün değildir.Bu çalışmada 18 Mart Çanakkale Boğaz Savaşı sırasında İtilaf Devletlerinin tek hava gücünü teşkil eden Ark Royal uçak gemisinin harekât raporları, bu gemide görev alan İngiliz havacıların anıları incelenecektir. İngiliz havacıların böyle bir rapor verip ermediği ve Türk mayınlarının tespiti hakkında üst komuta kademesine ilettiği bilgi ve keşifler tespit edilemeye gayret edilecektir. 100 yılı aşkın bir süredir, incelenme gereği duyulmayan ancak savaşın sonucuna direk etkisi olan bu konu açıklığa kavuşturulmaya çalışılacaktır., It is a generally accepted fact in Turkish historical studies that British planes reported that the strait was cleared of mines before the Battle of the Dardanelles on March 18, 1915. From the point of view of written sources; In fact, there is no account that has not been closed. Turkish sources; He agreed when British planes reported that the strait had been cleared of mines before the 18 March attack. Even Turkish sources, using British cabinet documents as a source, defend this thesis. On the British side, it is impossible to find such information in both naval and air history sources that examine the First World War.It is almost impossible to determine when and by whom this relationship between Turkish mines and British aircraft was first brought to the agenda. Many studies that do not aim to reach the first source keep repeating this information from the first source they find. This situation leads the researcher into a bottomless pit on the subject of the Battle of Çanakkale, which has a large research literature.The only unexplored and unexplored source in this relationship between British aircraft and Turkish mines in the 18 March Çanakkale Strait War is undoubtedly the operation reports of the Ark Royal aircraft carrier, which was hosting those British aviators. Without examining these reports, it is impossible to conclude that "British planes reported that the strait was cleared of mines".In this study, the operation reports of the Ark Royal aircraft carrier, which was the only air force of the Entente States during the 18 March Çanakkale Strait War, and the memories of the British aviators who took part in this ship will be examined. Efforts will be made to determine whether the British aviators gave such a report and the information and discoveries conveyed to the top command about the detection of Turkish mines. This issue, which did not need to be examined for over 100 years, but had a direct impact on the outcome of the war, will be tried to be clarified.

Purpose: In this study, we aimed to evaluate and compare the visual acuity, macular volume, central macular thickness, change in number of intravitreal ranibizumab injections with micropulse laser applications after loading dose of antiVEGF to DME patients.Study Design: Retrospective study Methods: This study was carried out on 97 patients (45 ranibizumab and 52 micropuls grid laser + ranibizumab) with diabetic macular edema patients who were followed in the Retina Unit. At the control visit after three loading ranibizumab injections administered once a month, micropuls grid laser was applied to one group and ranibizumab injection was continued PRN to both groups for an average of 9.27 ± 2.42 months and central macular thickness, macular volume and visual acuity were recorded. Results: There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of gender, smoking and systemic diseases, initial central macular thickness, macular volume and visual acuity measurements (p> 0.05). Central macular thickness, macular volume and visual acuity values measured at the last follow-up of the patients were not significantly different between the groups (p> 0.05). The mean post-treatment injection requirement was 4.19 ± 1.01 for the ranibizumab with micropuls laser group and 5.53 ± 1.14 for the ranibizumab group. In the group treated with micropuls laser, statistically less number of intravitreal ranibizumab injections were needed (p Conclusion: Micropulse laser treatment after initial loading doses reduces the need for antiVEGF injections. Studies with the participation of more patients may help in the selection of treatment methods by comparing micropulse laser combined with different injection protocols.

Amaç: Covid-19 nedeniyle kayıp yaşayan bireyler yas sürecine girmektedir. Yasın yarattığı psikolojik etkiden kurtulamamak, işlevsiz yasın ortaya çıkmasına neden olur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, ilişkili olası işlevsel olmayan yas vakalarını belirlemeye yönelik kısa bir ruh sağlığı taraması olan "Pandemik Yas Ölçeği (PGS)"nin Türkçe geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik analizini yapmaktır.Yöntem: Pandemik Yas Ölçeği yapı geçerliliği için Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi (AFA) yürütülmüştür. Bu çalışma için Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (DFA) sonuçları, AMOS 26 Paket Programı ile elde edilmiştir. AFA sonucunda elde edilen modele Maksimum Olabilirlik Metodu (ML) ile DFA yapılmıştır.Bulgular: Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi sonuçlarına göre; Lee ve Neimeyer tarafında geliştirilen Pandemik Yas Ölçeği yapısı ile bu çalışma ile elde edilen yapı benzerlik göstermiştir. Ölçek maddelerine ilişkin faktör yüklerinin 0,720 ile 0,826 arasında değiştiği görülmektedir. Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi sonuçlarına göre uyum iyiliği değerlerinden RMSEA=0,046; GFI=0,994; AGFI=0,977; CFI=0,995; NFI=0,992; TLI=0,989; IFI=0,995 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Modelle ilgili uyum değerlerinin tek faktörlü yapıda iyi uyum gösterdiği görülmüştür.Sonuç: Elde edilen sonuçlar, Türk toplumunun PGS’nin bir pandemi sırasında klinik çalışmalarda ve uygulamalarda kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir tarama aracı olduğunu göstermektedir., Aim: Individuals who have lost someone due to Covid-19 are entered into the process of mourning. Not being able to get rid of the psychological effect that is created by mourning causes an outcrop of nonfunctional mourning. The aim of this study is to analyze the Turkish validity and reliability of the "Pandemic Grief Scale (PGS)," which is a short mental health screening at identifying related possible nonfunctional bereavement cases.Method: Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted for the structure validity of the Pandemic Grief Scale. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) results for this study were obtained with the AMOS 26 Package Program. Maximum Likelihood Method (MLE) and CFA were applied to the model obtained as the result of EFA.Results: According to the results of Exploratory Factor Analysis; The structure of the Pandemic Grief Scale developed by Lee and Neimeyer was similar to the structure obtained in this study. It is seen that relating to the scale items of the factor loads vary between 0,720 and 0,826. According to the results of Confirmatory Factor Analysis, the goodness of fit values were found as RMSEA=0,046; GFI=0,994; AGFI=0,977; CFI=0,995; NFI=0,992; TLI=0,989; IFI=0,995. And the fit values related to the model showed a good fit in a single-factor structure.Conclusion: The results that are obtained point up that PGS of Turkish society is a valid and reliable screening tool that can be used in clinical studies and practices during a pandemic.

Objectives To evaluate the clinical results of combined pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with Landers wide-field temporary keratoprosthesis and penetrating keratoplasty (PK). Materials and methods From January 2016, traumatic eyes with coexisting corneal and vitreoretinal diseases that underwent combined keratoprosthesis/PPV/PK surgery were retrospectively evaluated. Demographic characteristics, visual acuity (VA), intraocular pressure (IOP) and clinical findings of the cornea, lens, and retina were recorded during the follow-up. Cases with clear corneal graft, attached retina, normotonic IOP, and improved or stable VA were considered successful. Results Eight eyes were enrolled in the study. The mean follow-up time was 21.1±8.20 months. Surgery was performed a mean of 23 (10-40) days after trauma. Preoperative VA ranged from no light perception to counting fingers from 50 cm. Postoperatively, corneal graft was clear in 5 patients (62.5%) and retina was attached in 6 eyes (75%). Chronic hypotonia developed in 3 patients (37.5%). VA was unchanged in 3 patients and improved in 5 patients. A total of 5 cases (50%) were considered successful. Shorter interval between trauma and surgery was associated with higher likelihood of success (p=0.043). No significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of type or location of trauma (p=1; p=0.143). Conclusion Although the functional results are not very satisfactory, the combined procedure provides a final opportunity for preserving remaining vision and anatomic reconstruction in eyes that will otherwise result in phthisis due to severe anterior and posterior segment pathologies.

Purpose:In this article, we evaluate subfoveal choroidal thickness in celiac patients with respect to adherence to the gluten-free diet and nonadherence to the gluten-free diet, comparing with age and sex matched healthy controls using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.Materials and Methods:A case-control study among 42 celiac patients and 42 healthy participants was conducted in the Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology. Celiac patients of our policlinics compliant with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography examination enrolled in the study. Celiac patients had been asked verbally about their adherence to gluten-free diet, were evaluated according to negative or positive EmA and anti-TG2 for defining adherence, and were divided into two groups (adherence to gluten-free diet and nonadherence to gluten-free diet).Results:Subfoveal choroidal thickness was thinner in EmA (+) or anti-TG2 (+) eyes than EmA(−) or anti-TG2 (−) eyes in celiac patients, but it was not statistically significant. The mean subfoveal choroidal thickness values in eyes with celiac disease, whose diagnosis time was longer than 60 months, were thinner than shorter group. Longer duration of gluten-free diet was associated with adherence difficulty and thinner choroidal thickness (r = −0.15, p = 0.34). Adherence to gluten-free diet was 88.2% for children below the age of 60 months and 57.1% for children older than 60 months.Conclusion:In conclusion, in addition to other extraintestinal manifestations of celiac disease, diagnosis time longer than 60 months in pediatric celiac patients, nonadherence to the gluten-free diet, and antibody positivity should be focused on during ophthalmologic examination and choroid measurement.

For the last thirty years, Turkey has been looking for a new government system. In December 2016, this search was transformed into a concrete context in the Grand National Assembly of Turkey and it was accepted as a constitutional law amendment proposal for public approval. On April 16, 2017, voters will give their decisions on this constitutional amendment proposal. Therefore, before the election, a lot of researches(surveys), programs and scientific studies are put into practiced about whether the people have information about the new government system that desired to be brought in by existing government. In addition, political parties are conducting various studies to influence voters' preference too. The aim of this study is to find out answers to questions such as the grade of voter informations about the new government system that desired to be brought in and how the voters perceive towards to the new system. The work is based on theory and practice. In this context, firstly information has been given about the presidential, semi-presidential and parliamentary government systems. Then, what the presidential government system is going to bring, what to change is listed. Later, field research was carried out on four provinces. The survey was conducted by face to face and random methods with 1,750 people in Diyarbakir, Mardin, Batman and Bitlis provinces. It has seen that outcome voters are not sufficiently informed about the new goverment system and their approaches towards the system were largely determined by the attitudes of the political parties that they supported and voted for. They also think that the new government system will not figure out which are existing problems. One part considers the system as a regime change.

Objectives It is important to determine variables that influence intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of body position on IOP. Materials and methods The study included 52 right eyes of 52 patients who presented to the ophthalmology department of our hospital and had no ocular disease except refractive errors. IOP was measured with an Icare PRO tonometer while patients were in sitting, standing, and supine positions, with intervals of 10 minutes between the positions. Correlations between the results were evaluated using Spearman’s correlation analysis and Wilcoxon tests. Results Thirty-six of the 52 patients were female, 16 were male. Mean age was 31.65±6.30 (23-47) years. Mean IOP values in the sitting, standing, and lying positions were 17.76±3.41 (12.70-25.60) mmHg, 17.10±3.27 (11.50-25.20) mmHg, and 18.46±4.67 (10.50-29.40) mmHg, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between measurements taken in the different positions (p=0.112, p=0.472, p=0.071). We observed that there was no relationship between age and body position (p>0.45, p>0.79, p>0.77) or between gender and position (p>0.59, p>0.69, p>0.54). Conclusion Gender and age had no effect on IOP measured in different body positions. There were also no significant differences between IOP values measured in the different positions. Therefore, we believe the portable Icare PRO tonometer can be used for patients who are confined to bed and will provide IOP measurements that are concordant with values obtained while sitting.

In addition to motor findings, non-motor findings including alterations in visual acuity, decrease in blink reflex, and pupil reactivity cause the impaired quality of life in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Our study aimed to examine possible latency and amplitude changes in pattern visual evoked potentials (pVEP) along with retinal and macular changes in optical coherence tomography (OCT) in PD and MSA groups. We also intended to investigate whether any OCT parameters could be a biomarker for Parkinson's or MSA.Our study included 50 patients with PD, 15 with MSA, and 50 healthy control subjects. All patients in the study underwent neurological and ophthalmological examination and investigations of OCT to measure the retinal and macular thickness and pVEP to assess visual pathways.When PD, MSA, and control groups were compared, a significant difference was found in all retinal thickness values in average, nasal, and superior retinal nerve fiber thickness (pRNFL), and in all macular thickness values except nasal outer and inferior outer quadrants and in ganglion cell complex (GCC) thicknesses (p 0.05). Moreover, a significant difference was found in N75, P100, and N145 latencies and N75-P100 amplitude (p 0.05). The thickness of both pRNFL, inner and outer macular quadrants, was thinner in the MSA group than in PD but GCC thickness was thinner in PD group.The present study compared pVEP and OCT parameters in PD and MSA groups. It was concluded that pVEP and OCT examinations were of importance in that they were easily accessible, affordable, noninvasive biomarkers that might be used in early periods and progression of the disease and in follow-up.

WOS:000732429800022 Aim: The study aimed to determine healthcare professionals' perceptions and attitudes towards additional payments made from working capital due to the pandemic. Material and Methods: In the study, focus group interviews were made via snowball sampling method in order to identify the views of the healthcare professionals about the additional payment from the indicated ceiling and to find out what kind of perception developed as a result of this evaluation (injustice, burnout, etc.). Results: When the answers given to these questions were examined, it was seen that the healthcare professionals stated that not enough additional payments were given to them. Additional payments are made to employees by hospitals, but delays have occurred at the point of making additional payments due to the pandemic, and such a perception has emerged as a result of late payment of these additional payments. Discussion: The working capital is not fairly distributed among healthcare professional, and shifts are exceeding 24 hours, which causes unpaid labor, and also, the assignments of healthcare personnel in COVID-19 clinics and intensive care units are not made fairly. Also, a stable additional payment to the wages should be made instead of working capital payments. Finally, the lack of wage peace among healthcare personnel is also a nature that will weaken the fight against the pandemic.

Aim: The validity and reliability of the obsession with the COVID-19 scale developed by Lee (2020) were tested in the USA, but there is no research on this matter in Turkey. Within this scope, the aim of the study is to determine the validity and reliability of the scale in Turkish. Material and Methods: The Obsession with COVID-19 Scale (OCS) has been tested in Turkish individuals. Descriptive statistical analysis, t-tests and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed to validate the OCS. Maximum likelihood method and confirmatory factor analysis were applied to the model obtained from EFA. Results: The Turkish version of OCS was found to have consistent psychometric properties and construct validity. Discussion: Developing valid screening tools across different cultures is vital for health practitioners and scientists during global infectious disease outbreaks.

Behavioural risk factors are known to have an impact on countries' health system performance. Behavioral risk factors include habits such as alcohol consumption, smoking, and patterns of food consumption which might lead to different types of obesity among different age groups in every community. In the context of OECD countries, this study aims at investigating whether behavioral risk factors have an impact on healthcare system performance or not. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and then Ordinary Least Squares Regression (OLS) was utilized to bring into the open the factors that affect health performance scores of OECD countries. In OLS, the obtained health performance score was utilized as a dependent variable and alcohol and tobacco consumption and obesity rate were utilized as independent variables. According to the OLS results, The only variable that has a statistically significant effect on the health performance scores of OECD countries is the alcohol consumption rate. To reduce health expenditures and improve health system performance, OECD countries need to develop more effective, macro and micro, level policies to eliminate the negative effects of behavioral risk factors. Such policies might include health awareness campaigns and more strict taxing policies upon the risk factor products, in addition to increasing community-based healthcare services.

Dünyada havacılığın başlamasından sonra birçok sivil havacılık derneği ve kulübü kurulmuş olmasına karşılık Türkiye’de sivil havacılığın kuruluşu ve gelişimi benzerlerine nazaran çok uzun zaman almıştır. 16 Şubat 1925 tarihinde kurulan Türk Tayyare Cemiyeti her ne kadar sivil bir kuruluş olarak değerlendirilse de yarı resmi bir statüde olduğu inkâr edilemez.İlk olarak Mütareke Döneminde yabancılar tarafından bir sivil havacılık kulübü kurulmaya çalışılmışsa da başarılı olamamıştır. Emekli askeri pilotlar tarafından 1926 yılında kurulan diğer bir kulüp de kısa sürede çalışmalarını durdurmak zorunda kalmıştır. 1931 yılında kuruluş çalışmalarına başlanan “Türk Aero Kulüp” faaliyet yürütebilen ilk kulüp özelliğini taşıması nedeniyle önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada Kulübe Türk sivil hayatından neden ihtiyaç duyulduğu, hangi amaçlarla kurulmak istendiği tespit edilmeye çalışılacaktır. Kulübü faaliyet süresindeki tüm çalışma ve etkinlikleri incelenerek değerlendirilecektir. Son olarak da kulübün kapanış neden ve gerekçeleri değerlendirilmiştir.

The present study aimed to investigate and compare possible changes in amplitude and latency of pattern visual evoked potentials (PVEP) and thickness of quadrants of the macula (TQM) using optic coherence tomography (OCT).According to polysomnography examinations, 30 mild, 30 severe, 30 controls were included in the study after approval from the ethics committee.No significant difference was found in age and gender between the groups (Latency and amplitude of PVEP altered in OSAS because edema and inflammation was remarkable in mild as well as severe stages of the disease. Furthermore, thinning in the macula was observed only in severe stages of the disease, explained with level of atrophy and exposure to extended hypoxia.

Due to the ever-changing, developing and complex structures of health institutions, the need to manage their administrations via professional managers arised by the end of the 1800s in the world, mainly in the USA and Europe, and such a need has been continuously emerging in our country since the 1950s. Concerning those current professional health managers, who serve in a rapidly evolving and changing health sector, following periodicals, books and articles on general or health management should be among the sine qua non for the development and change of such professional health management. Together with the Health Transformation Program (HTP) that has been implemented in Turkey since 2003, despite the adoption of the understanding that predominantly professional healthcare managers should be assigned in the management of health institutions, there are still many managers operating in the sector, who are not adequately educated. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of those managers of the public health administrators in Diyarbakır, reading articles, books and periodicals on general-health management for their development. The study is a descriptive study, involving 165 healthcare managers, which mainly have been serving in 3 public health institutions (Provincial General Secretariat to Association of Public Hospitals, Provincial Directorate of Community Healthcare, Provincial Directorate of Health and its affiliated units) in Diyarbakır province prior to November 25th, 2017. 80.7% of the managers did not have master's degree in health-general management education. In the case of Diyarbakır, it is obviously seen that health-care administrators are urgently required to undertake bachelor, masters, PhD programs on general health management.

Aim: In this study, It is aimed to carry out the Turkish validity and reliability analysis of the "Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior Scale towards COVID-19" developed by Zhong et al. (2020). Material and Methods: Exploratory factor analysis was performed for validity studies of the scale, and internal consistency analysis was performed for reliability studies. Data were analyzed with FACTOR Software, Basic Components Analysis, and Normalized Varimax Rotation Method. Since the answers received by the variables ranged between 0 and 1, Polycric Factor Analysis was conducted. Components with an eigenvalue of 1 and above were accepted as factors.Results: According to the findings, the original scale consists of 5 factors and 16 items. The five-dimensional structure emerging according to the Explanatory Factor Analysis (EFA) results explains 60.208% of the total variance. Cronbach's alpha values checked for reliability analysis ranged from 0.785 to 0.712 for factors.Conclusion: It is thought that with this study, a valid and reliable scale has been brought to the literature. It is thought that this study can be a reference for future research and can be an important tool in measuring the current level of knowledge, attitude, and behavior towards COVID-19 in the society., Amaç: Bu çalışmada Zhong vd. (2020) tarafından geliştirilen “COVID-19’a Yönelik Bilgi, Tutum ve Davranış Ölçeği”nin Türkçe geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizleri gerçekleştirilmek amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Ölçeğin geçerlik çalışmaları için açımlayıcı faktör analizi, güvenirlik çalışmaları için ise iç tutarlılık analizleri yapılmıştır. FACTOR Yazılım Programı ile Temel Bileşenler Analizi ve Normalize Varimax Rotasyon Yöntemi ile veriler analiz edilmiştir. Değişkenlerin aldığı cevaplar 0 ile 1 arasında değiştiğinden Polikorik Faktör Analizi yürütülmüştür. Öz değeri 1 ve üzeri olan bileşenler faktör olarak kabul edilmiştir.Bulgular: Elde edilen bulgulara göre, orijinal ölçek, 5 faktör ve 16 maddeden oluşmaktadır. Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi (AFA) sonuçlarına göre ortaya çıkan beş boyutlu yapı, toplam varyansın % 60,208’ini açıklamaktadır. Güvenirlik analizi için bakılan Cronbach Alpha değerleri faktörler için 0,785- 0,712 arasında değişmektedir. Sonuç: Gerçekleştirilen bu çalışma ile literatüre geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek kazandırıldığı düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın gelecekteki araştırmalara referans olabileceği ve toplumda COVID-19’a yönelik mevcut bilgi, tutum ve davranış düzeyinin ölçülmesinde önemli bir araç olabileceği düşünülmektedir.

To investigate the quantitative differences in optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) data between type 2 diabetes patients without clinically detectable diabetic retinopathy (DR) and healthy subjects.Thirty-nine patients with type 2 diabetes without DR and 41 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited. The vessel density and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area in the superficial capillary plexus and deep capillary plexus were measured using Nidek RS-3000 Advance® and compared between patient cohorts. Foveal vessel density (%) and FAZ (%) were also calculated.A significant decrease in vessel density has been observed in the deep capillary plexus of the patients compared to healthy individuals (5.58 ± 0.98 mmOCTA can identify quantitative changes in DCP before the manifestation of clinically apparent retinopathy. DCP-VD reduction may be an earlier finding than FAZ enlargement. Despite the reduction of VD, FVD could be preserved for a certain period of time in DM patients.

Purpose: To report a case of triamcinolone crystals associated miliary microemboli of the retinal arterioles and choriocapillaris. Methods: A 30-year-old woman with alopecia areata on her left auriculotemporal scalp, scheduled for 10 mg/ml triamcinolone acetonide steroid injections (maximum volume of 3 ml per session) for 1 month intervals, presented with a sudden decrease in vision in her left eye after 1 ml injection in a dermatology clinic. Results: On ocular examination her best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was hand movement in the left eye. Retinal examination showed multiple white-yellow steroid emboli in the superior and inferior temporal branch retinal arterioles which involves macula. Also there were diffuse yellow infiltrates in the choroid consistent with choroidal microemboli. Fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography images were suggestive for the retinal and choroidal ischemia. Conclusion: Subcutaneous triamcinolon injection may cause embolic occlusion of retinal and choroidal capillaries. Keywords: Choroidal triamcinolone crystals, Embolism, Retinal artery occlusion, Subcutaneous steroid injection

Diyarbakir kamu hastanelerindeki yonetici hemsirelerin profesyonel saglik yoneticiligi uzerine goruslerinin tespiti ve farkli pozisyon hemsire yoneticiliginin gerekliliginin sorgulanmasi bu calismanin temelini olusturmaktadir. Arastirma orneklemini ankete katilmayi kabul eden 56 (% 70) hemsire olusturmus olup kesitsel tipte bir calisma planlanmistir. Veriler anket formu ile yuz yuze gorusme yontemi kullanilarak toplanmis ve elde edilen bilgiler SPSS ( S tatistical Package for the Social Sciences ) 18.0 paket programi ile istatistiksel olarak degerlendirilmistir. Hemsire yoneticilerin; % 82,1’ i saglik hizmetleri yoneticiligini profesyonel bir meslek olarak gordugunu, % 50’ nin uzerinde saglik yonetimi ve genel yonetim uzerine egitim almadiklarini, % 40,7’ si bu egitimleri almalarini gerekli gormediklerini, % 75’ i gorevlerini profesyonel saglik yoneticilerine devretmede gonullu olduklarini, ifade etmislerdir. Farkli pozisyonlardaki yonetici hemsire sayisinin coklugu ve hemsirelerin asil gorevlendirilmeleri gereken unvanlarinin disinda tutulmus olmalari yonetimsel sorun olarak gorulmelidir. Yetismis profesyonel saglik-hemsire yoneticilik egitimi almislarin istihdami onunde ki engeller kaldirilmalidir.

Giriş: Bu çalışma Dicle Üniversitesi (D.Ü.) Atatürk Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksekokulu 1.sınıfında öğrenim gören öğrencilerin sağlıklı yaşam davranışı biçimlerini belirlemek amacıyla tanımlayıcı olarak yapılmıştır. Yöntemler: Araştırmanın evrenini Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksekokul’u 1.sınıf öğrencileri (251 öğrenci) oluşturmaktadır. Katılımcılara demografik verileri içeren yapılandırılmış bir anket ile Walker tarafından düzenlenen ve 2008 yılında Bahar ve arkadaşları tarafından Türkçe geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması yapılmış olan “Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi Davranışları Ölçeği II” (SYBDÖ) uygulanmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde sayı-yüzdelik hesaplama, ortalama, t testi ve korelasyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Öğrencilerin yaş ortalaması 20,46±3,7, %70.5’i kadın, %90,2’i bekâr, %69,3’ünün aile evi, %16’sı yurt, %14,7’side öğrenci evinde kalmakta, %27,9’u okurken ek bir işte çalışmakta, %77,7 sinin anne eğitim durumunun en fazla ilkokul olduğu saptanmıştır. Öğrencilerinin toplam SYBDÖ puan ortalamaları orta düzeyde bulunmuştur 118,0±21,0. Anne eğitim durumu yüksek olan öğrencilerin, kişilerarası ilişki puan ortalaması yüksek olmakla birlikte istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bulunmamıştır. Anne eğitimi yüksek olan öğrencilerin beslenme, kişilerarası ilişkiler ve toplam puan ortalaması anlamlı bulunmuştur (p

To evaluate choroidal thickness, intraocular pressure (IOP), axial length, central corneal thickness (CCT), lens thickness, anterior chamber depth, and ocular pulse amplitude (OPA) in hemodialysis patients.The patients with end-stage renal disease and undergoing hemodialysis were included in the study. Immediately before and 1 hour after hemodialysis, all patients underwent measurement of choroidal thickness with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OC, Cirrus HD-OCT; Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc., Dublin, CA), IOP and OPA with Pascal dynamic contour tonometry (Ziemer Ophthalmic Systems AG, Port, Switzerland), and anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, and axial length with optical biometry (LenStar LS900; Haag-Streit AG, Koeniz, Switzerland). Data from the patients' right eyes were included in the statistical analysis.The patient group included 8 (36.4%) males and 14 (63.6%) females with a mean age of 56, 14 ± 9, 96 (40-70) years. The mean subfoveal choroidal thickness before and after hemodialysis was 255.21 ± 6.15 (245-263) µm and 234.95 ± 7.89 (220-247) µm, respectively (p 0.001). Mean choroidal thickness at 1500 µm and 3000 µm nasal and temporal of the fovea also decreased significantly after hemodialysis (p 0.001). Mean OPA values before and after hemodialysis were 2.14 ± 1.07 (0.6-4) mmHg and 1.6 ± 0.86 (0.5-3.2) mmHg, respectively (p 0.001). There was a statistically significant correlation between OPA and choroidal thickness measurements (p 0.001, R = 0.923). IOP increased from 15.11 ± 2.58 (11-20) to 15.99 ± 2.21 (13-20) mmHg, but the change did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.05). There was no statistically significant change in mean axial length, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, or CCT after hemodialysis (p 0.05 for all).Although choroidal thickness and OPA may be decreased immediately after hemodialysis, there may be no significant changes in IOP or avascular ocular structures such as the lens and cornea.

2010 yılından bu yana 81 ilde sağlık bakanlığına bağlı 2. ve 3. basamak evde sağlık hizmetleri birimleri tarafından sunulan hizmetlerin elde edilen gelirleri noktasında mevcut hastane döner sermaye bütçelerine negatif ya da pozitif yönde olası etkileri, mevcut hastanelerin bu hizmetleri sunarken elde ettikleri gelir-gider ve kâr-zararları açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Sağlık sektörünün sunmuş oldukları hizmetler kâr-zarar açısından değerlendirilmemesi gereken hizmet türleri iken mevcut döner sermaye ek ödemlerinden çalışanlara yapılması gereken ödemelerin aksine farklı hizmet sunum birimlerinin giderlerine harcanmış olması çalışanlar için emek-kazanç dengesini bozmaktadır. Bu durumun hastane döner sermayelerine negatif yönde etkisi ile mevcut evde sağlık hizmetlerinin sunumu noktasında iyileştirilmelerini zorunlu kılmaktadır. Bütçe uygulama tebliği içerisinde evde sağlık hizmetleri 112 komuta merkezleri gibi riskli birimler statüsünde ele alınıp yeniden sunmuş oldukları hizmet ücret tarifeleri gözden geçirilmelidir. Çalışma bir kamu hastanesinin evde sağlık hizmetleri biriminin yıllık hizmet sunumunun gelir-gider dengesine göre kâr-zarar açısından durumunun incelenmesini içermektedir. Sonuç olarak talep edilen düzenleme ile evde sağlık hizmetleri birimlerinin yeniden dizaynı sayesinde hizmet daha çok hastaya ulaştırılabilir niteliğe kavuşacaktır. Yani yeniden fiyat tarifesi hastane döner sermaye üzerinde ki baskıyı azaltırken hastane yönetimleri tarafından birimin işleyişi daha geniş bir hasta kitlesine ulaştırılabilir organizasyona kavuşturulabilecek ayrıca sağlık personelinin elde edeceği döner sermaye ek ödeme dengesini bozmayacağı sonucuna götürecektir.