Search

AIMS: To investigate differences and similarities in college students' drinking motives in Spain and in Hungary. METHODS: A total of 550 Spanish (mean age 22.7, SD = 3.2) and 997 Hungarian (mean age 22.4, SD = 2.7) college students completed the Drinking Motive Questionnaire Revised Short Form (DMQ-R SF) and answered other alcohol-related questions. Data were analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis, t-test and structural equation modeling. RESULTS: The DMQ-R SF demonstrated good psychometric properties in both countries. The rank order of the motives (social > enhancement > coping > conformity) was identical in the two countries. However, Hungarian students scored higher on enhancement, social and coping motives than Spanish students. In both the Hungarian and the Spanish population, enhancement motives were associated with drinking frequency and drunkenness, while coping motives were associated with alcohol-related problems. Among Spanish students, a significant relationship was found between alcohol-related problems and enhancement motives as well. CONCLUSION: Despite the substantial differences in the drinking culture of both countries, drinking motives showed overwhelming similarities (e.g. rank order of motives and the particular relationships between motives and alcohol outcomes). Only few differences (e.g. Hungarian college students indicated a higher level of motives) were found in cross-national comparison. Our results imply that programs targeting risky drinking motives are likely to be successfully adapted to different drinking cultures in Europe. Language: en

Letter to the editor.Se pretende realizar con el presente estudio, un análisis exploratorio de variables que puedan ayudar a explicar el éxito o fracaso en cesación tabáquica mediante autoabandono. El presente estudio obtuvo el informe favorable de la Comisión de Bioética de la Universidad de Almería, cuyo número de referencia es UALBIO2011/025. Los participantes del estudio se consiguieron mediante anuncios en prensa y radio y centros de salud, se les realizó una entrevista dirigida al registro de distintas variables relacionadas con el consumo de tabaco, edad de inicio, edad de abandono, años de uso del tabaco, número de cigarrillos al día y dependencia nicotínica.

Se pretende realizar con el presente estudio, un análisis exploratorio de variables que puedan ayudar a explicar el éxito o fracaso en cesación tabáquica mediante autoabandono. El presente estudio obtuvo el informe favorable de la Comisión de Bioética de la Universidad de Almería, cuyo número de referencia es UALBIO2011/025. Los participantes del estudio se consiguieron mediante anuncios en prensa y radio y centros de salud, se les realizó una entrevista dirigida al registro de distintas variables relacionadas con el consumo de tabaco, edad de inicio, edad de abandono, años de uso del tabaco, número de cigarrillos al día y dependencia nicotínica.

In this study we evaluate the Spanish adaptation of discriminant and criterion validity of the Children's Interview for Psychiatric Syndromes, in its version for parents (P-ChIPS). The P-ChIPS was administered to 43 individuals from the general population (comparison group) aged from 6 to 18, and to 31 individuals from a clinical population (psychiatric group) of the same age. The prevalence rate of psychopathological disorders in the comparison group was similar to that found in other studies. Comparisons between the two groups found statistically significant differences in the percentage of diagnoses, in the percentage of diagnoses without duration, and in the deterioration or extension level of each disorder measured in the context of the home and in three contexts simultaneously (home, school, and relationship with peers). Likewise, the degree of concordance between the P-ChIPS and a clinician's diagnoses is analyzed using the κ index and percentage agreement, as well as sensitivity and specificity coefficients. In view of the preliminary results, the Spanish adaptation of P-ChIPS shows adequate discriminant and criterion validity to establish syndromes in subjects with different psychopathological characteristics.

A longitudinal study was conducted to assess the presence of beliefs about symptoms related to hypertension and the time since diagnosis in which they appear. A randomly selected sample of hypertensive patients (67% women, mean age 53.27 years and range 20- 65) was divided into four groups according to the time from diagnosis. All patients (N = 171) were interviewed at the beginning (initial assessment) and 12 months later (final assessment) and the patients (n = 75) who did not report beliefs about symptoms at the initial assessment were interviewed in a follow-up schedule. The results showed that 56% of patients reported beliefs about symptoms at the initial assessment, and this percentage increased to 77% at the final assessment (p < .001) finding significant differences between the two groups with a more recent diagnosis and the two groups of long-standing patients. Longitudinal analysis of the group with the recent diagnosis showed that the critical period for the emergence of beliefs was the first year from diagnosis. This period could be decisive in order to prevent them. Healthcare professionals should pay attention to the emergence of these beliefs, as they could negatively affect treatment adherence. Se realizó un estudio para evaluar creencias sobre síntomas relacionados con la hipertensión y el tiempo transcurrido desde el diagnóstico. Una muestra elegida al azar de pacientes con hipertensión (media de edad 53,27 años, rango 20-65; 67% mujeres) se dividió en cuatro grupos de acuerdo al tiempo transcurrido desde el diagnóstico. Se entrevistó a todos los pacientes (N = 171) al comienzo del estudio (evaluación inicial) y 12 meses después (evaluación final). A los pacientes que no informaron creencias en síntomas (n = 75) se les entrevistó cada tres meses de acuerdo a un programa de seguimiento. Los resultados indicaron que en la evaluación inicial el 56% de los pacientes informó creencias en síntomas, elevándose al 77% en la evaluación final (p < .001), y diferencias significativas entre los grupos con menor y mayor tiempo desde el diagnóstico. El análisis longitudinal del grupo de pacientes de reciente diagnóstico mostró que el primer año es el período crítico para la emergencia de creencias en síntomas, información que resulta clave para planear la prevención. Los profesionales de la salud deberían prestar atención a la emergencia de creencias en síntomas dado que pueden afectar negativamente a la adherencia al tratamiento.

espanolEn el presente estudio se analiza las propiedades psicometricas de la version en castellano del Cuestionario de Actitudes de los Estudiantes hacia la Esquizofrenia. Se trata de un instrumento disenado y aplicado originalmente en Alemania. Los resultados encontrados senalan un alpha de Cronbach de .95. El Analisis Factorial Exploratorio senalo la existencia, al igual que la version original, de dos factores con una varianza total explicada del 59.94%. Esta estructura fue confirmada por el Analisis Factorial Confirmatorio. Sin embargo, el contenido y significado de estos dos factores difieren ligeramente de la muestra alemana. En este caso, el primer factor haria referencia a miedo o temor hacia las personas con esquizofrenia, el segundo se refiere a distancia social. Se discute la importancia de estos resultados. EnglishThe present study analyzes the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Student Attitudes Questionnaire towards Schizophrenia. It is an instrument originally designed and applied in Germany. The results found point to a Cronbach alpha of .95. The Exploratory Factor Analysis indicated the existence, as the original version, of two factors with a total variance explained of 59.94%. This structure was confirmed by the Factorial Confirmatory Analysis. However, the content and significance of these two factors differ slightly from the German sample. In this case, the first factor would refer to fear or fear towards people with schizophrenia, the second refers to stereotypes. The importance of these results is discussed. Key words: Stigma, Schizophrenia, Attitudes, Discrimination, Mental Health.

The present study analyzes health habits in food, exercise and health beliefs in a sample of nine hundred and fifty fear adolescents, boys and girls (mean 12,36±2,06 years old) of different countries: Spain (321), Colombia (401) and México (232). All participants responded tea questionnaire with items related te health habits as well as health and illness beliefs. Results indicated that 58% of subjects show a risky food style, and 62,9% of subject show a risky physical activity, Comparisions among subjects of the three countries indicated that the Colombian sample had the worst food style while the spanish sample had the worst physical activity. Results also confirm that adolescence is a relevant moment in the formation of health beliefs with 61% and 54% of subjects showing respectively, an undefined pattern of beliefs or illness. Results show significant differences among the three countries.