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Overactive bladder syndrome is one of the lower urinary tract dysfunctions with the highest number of scientific publications over the past two decades. This shows the growing interest in better understanding this syndrome, which gathers symptoms of urinary urgency and increased daytime and nighttime voiding frequency, with or without urinary incontinence and results in a negative impact on the quality of life of approximately one out of six individuals - including both genders and almost all age groups. The possibility of establishing the diagnosis just from clinical data made patients' access to specialized care easier. Physiotherapy resources have been incorporated into the urological daily practice. A number of more selective antimuscarinic drugs with consequent lower adverse event rates were released. Recently, a new class of oral drugs, beta-adrenergic agonists has become part of the armamentarium for Overactive Bladder. Botulinum toxin injections in the bladder and sacral neuromodulation are routine modalities of treatment for refractory cases. During the 1st Latin-American Consultation on Overactive Bladder, a comprehensive review of the literature related to the evolution of the concept, epidemiology, diagnosis, and management was conducted. This text corresponds to the first part of the review Overactive Bladder 18-years. Univ Fed Sao Paulo, EPM, Rua Dr Oscar Monteiro Barros 617-141, BR-05641010 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Urol, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Fac Med ABC, Dept Urol, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Univ Los Andes, Dept Urol, Bogota, Colombia Escuela Med, Dept Urol, Mexico City, DF, Mexico Hosp Clin Jose San Martin, Catedra Urol, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina Mae de Deus Ctr Hosp, Dept Urol, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Univ Fed Ciencias Saude Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil AC Camargo Hosp, Dept Urol, Sao Paulo, Brazil Hosp Clin Fuerza Area Chile, Santiago, Chile Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Mexico City, DF, Mexico Hosp Souza Aguiar, Dept Urol, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil Complejo Med Policial Churruca Visca, Serv Urol, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina Ctr Policlin Valencia Vina, Valencia, Venezuela Hosp Pablo Tobon Uribe, Medellin, Colombia Clin Indisa, Serv Urol, Providencia, Chile Ctr Reabilitacao & Readaptacao Dr Henriqe Santill, Goiania, Go, Brazil Hosp Univ Caracas, Serv Urol, Caracas, Venezuela Univ Fed Ceara, Div Urol, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil Univ Fed Sao Paulo, EPM, Rua Dr Oscar Monteiro Barros 617-141, BR-05641010 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Web of Science