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Resumen Objetivo Describir las caracteristicas clinicas y los factores de riesgo de los pacientes con traumatismo toracico, y evaluar su relacion en el desarrollo de complicaciones. Metodologia Estudio de tipo descriptivo, prospectivo y analitico de una cohorte de pacientes con traumatismo toracico a los que se les hizo seguimiento durante un periodo de 30 dias. Se excluyeron pacientes con traumatismo craneoencefalico moderado a severo, fracturas de huesos largos, traumatismo abdominal, y pacientes que requirieron ventilacion mecanica. Resultados Un total 376 pacientes cumplieron criterios de inclusion, y de ellos 220 eran varones (58,5%). Las causas mas frecuentes de traumatismo fueron las caidas (218 casos; 57,9%) y los accidentes de trafico (57 casos; 15,1%). El tipo de traumatismo mas frecuente fue la contusion costal (248 casos; 65,9%) y la fractura de un arco costal (61 casos; 16,2%). Se observaron complicaciones en 43 pacientes (11,4%), principalmente por hemotorax (13 casos), neumotorax (9 casos), neumonia (6 casos) e insuficiencia renal aguda (4 casos). De estos pacientes, 4 fallecieron por neumonia y hemotorax. Treinta y tres pacientes (8,7%) fueron ingresados y 10 (2,6%) requirieron reingreso hospitalario. El riesgo de complicaciones aumenta significativamente en pacientes con mas de 2 fracturas costales, en mayores de 85 anos y en presencia de algunas comorbilidades como la EPOC y patologias que requieren anticoagulacion. El riesgo de reingreso es mayor en pacientes con mas de 60 anos. Conclusiones Los pacientes con traumatismo toracico que presentan algunas comorbilidades, son mayores de 85 anos y tienen mas de 2 fracturas costales pueden presentar mas complicaciones, y se deben considerar estos factores en su evaluacion, manejo y seguimiento.

Objective To describe the clinical characteristics and risk factors of patients with chest trauma, and to evaluate their correlation with the development of complications. Methods Descriptive, prospective and analytical study of a patient cohort with chest trauma who underwent follow-up for a period of 30 days. Excluded from the study were those patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury, long-bone fractures, abdominal trauma and patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Results A total of 376 patients met the inclusion criteria, 220 of whom were males (58.5%). The most frequent causes of trauma were falls (218 cases; 57.9%) and motor vehicle accidents (57 cases; 15.1%). The most frequent type of trauma was rib contusion (248 cases; 65.9%) and rib fractures (61 cases; 16.2%). Complications were observed in 43 patients (11.4%), mainly hemothorax (13 cases), pneumothorax (9 cases), pneumonia (6 cases) and acute renal failure (4 cases). Four patients died due to pneumonia and hemothorax. Thirty-three patients were hospitalized (8.7%) and 10 (2.6%) required later re-admittance. The risk for complications increased significantly in patients with more than 2 rib fractures, in those over the age of 85 and in the presence of certain comorbidities, such as COPD and pathologies requiring anticoagulation therapy. The risk for re-admittance is higher in patients over the age of 60. Conclusions Patients with chest trauma who present certain comorbidities, are over the age of 85 and have more than 2 rib fractures may present more complications. These factors should be contemplated in the evaluation, management and follow-up of these subjects.