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WEAVE, the new wide-field, massively multiplexed spectroscopic survey facility for the William Herschel Telescope, will see first light in late 2022. WEAVE comprises a new 2-degree field-of-view prime-focus corrector system, a nearly 1000-multiplex fibre positioner, 20 individually deployable 'mini' integral field units (IFUs), and a single large IFU. These fibre systems feed a dual-beam spectrograph covering the wavelength range 366$-$959\,nm at $R\sim5000$, or two shorter ranges at $R\sim20\,000$. After summarising the design and implementation of WEAVE and its data systems, we present the organisation, science drivers and design of a five- to seven-year programme of eight individual surveys to: (i) study our Galaxy's origins by completing Gaia's phase-space information, providing metallicities to its limiting magnitude for $\sim$3 million stars and detailed abundances for $\sim1.5$ million brighter field and open-cluster stars; (ii) survey $\sim0.4$ million Galactic-plane OBA stars, young stellar objects and nearby gas to understand the evolution of young stars and their environments; (iii) perform an extensive spectral survey of white dwarfs; (iv) survey $\sim400$ neutral-hydrogen-selected galaxies with the IFUs; (v) study properties and kinematics of stellar populations and ionised gas in $z1$ million spectra of LOFAR-selected radio sources; (viii) trace structures using intergalactic/circumgalactic gas at $z>2$. Finally, we describe the WEAVE Operational Rehearsals using the WEAVE Simulator., 41 pages, 27 figures, accepted for publication by MNRAS

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited., The accuracy in determining the spatial-kinematical parameters of open clusters makes them ideal tracers of the Galactic structure. Young open clusters (YOCs) are the main representatives of the clustered star formation mode, which identifies how most of the stars in the Galaxy form. We apply the Kriging technique to a sample of Gaia YOCs within a 3.5 kpc radius around the Sun and log(age) ≤ 7.5, as the age in years, to obtain Z(X, Y) and VZ(X, Y) maps. Previous work by Alfaro et al. has shown that Kriging can provide reliable results even with small data samples (N ∼ 100). We approach the 3D spatial and vertical velocity field structure of the Galactic disk defined by YOCs and analyze the hierarchy of the stellar cluster formation, which shows a rich hierarchical structure, displaying complexes embedded within each other. We discuss the fundamental characteristics of the methodology used to perform the mapping and point out the main results obtained in phenomenological terms. Both the 3D spatial distribution and the vertical velocity field reveal a complex disk structure with a high degree of substructures. Their analysis provides clues about the main physical mechanisms that shape the phase space of the clustered star formation in this Galactic area. Warp, corrugations, and high local deviations in Z and VZ appear to be intimately connected, in a single but intricate scenario. © 2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society., E.J.A. and M.J. acknowledge financial support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the "Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa" award to the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (SEV-2017-0709). E.J.A. and C.S.-G. have been supported by grant No. PY20-00753 from Junta de Andalucía, Spain (Autonomic Government of Andalusia). N.S. and J.M.-A. acknowledge financial support from grant Nos. PGC2018-095049-B-C21 and PGC2018-095049-B-C22 (MCIU), respectively. In this work, we have made extensive use of TopCat (Taylor 2005).

[Aims]: In this paper, we aim to study the main properties and luminosity function (LF) of the [O II]3727 emitters detected in the OTELO survey in order to characterise the star formation processes in low-mass galaxies at z ∼ 1.43 and to constrain the faint-end of the LF. [Methods]: Here, we describe the selection method and analysis of the emitters obtained from narrow-band scanning techniques. In addition, we present several relevant properties of the emitters and discuss the selection biases and uncertainties in the determination of the LF and the star formation rate density (SFRD). [Results]: We confirmed a total of 60 sources from a preliminary list of 332 candidates as [O II]3727 emitters. Approximately 93% of the emitters have masses in the range of 108, JAdD thanks the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC) for its support through the Programa de Excelencia Severo Ochoa and the Gobierno de Canarias for the Programa de Talento Tricontinental grant. This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) under the grants AYA2013-46724-P, AYA2014-58861-C3-1-P, AYA2014-58861-C3-2-P, AYA2014-58861-C3-3-P, AYA2016-75808-R, AYA2016-75931-C2-1-P, AYA2016-75931-C2-2-P, and MDM-2017-0737 (Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu, CAB). This work was supported by the project Evolution of Galaxies, of reference AYA2017-88007-C3-1-P, within the “Programa estatal de fomento de la investigación científica y técnica de excelencia del Plan Estatal de Inves-tigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación (2013–2016)” of the “Agencia Estatal de Investigación del Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades”, and co-financed by the FEDER “Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional”. This article is based on observations made with the Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC) at Roque de los Muchachos Observatory of the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias on the island of La Palma. This study makes use of data from AEGIS, a multi-wavelength sky survey conducted with the Chandra, GALEX, Hubble, Keck, CFHT, MMT, Subaru, Palomar, Spitzer, VLA, and other telescopes, and is supported in part by the NSF, NASA, and the STFC. Based on observations obtained with MegaPrime/MegaCam, a joint project of the CFHT and CEA/IRFU, at the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) which is operated by the National Research Council (NRC) of Canada, the Institut National des Science de l’Univers of the Centre National de la Recherche Sci-entifique (CNRS) of France, and the University of Hawaii. This work is based in part on data products produced at Terapix available at the Canadian Astronomy Data Centre as part of the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey, a collaborative project of NRC and CNRS. Based on observations obtained with WIRCam, a joint project of CFHT, Taiwan, Korea, Canada, France, at the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope (CFHT), which is operated by the National Research Council (NRC) of Canada, the Institute National des Sciences de l’Univers of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique of France, and the University of Hawaii. This work is based in part on data products produced at TERAPIX, the WIRDS (WIRcam Deep Survey) consortium, and the Canadian Astronomy Data Centre. This research was supported by a grant from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche ANR-07-BLAN-0228., With funding from the Spanish government through the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (SEV-2017-0709).

We report deep imaging observations with DOLoRes@TNG of an ultra-faint dwarf satellite candidate of the Triangulum galaxy (M33) found by visual inspection of the public imaging data release of the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys. Pisces VII/Triangulum (Tri) III is found at a projected distance of 72kpc from M33, and using the tip of the red giant branch method, we estimate a distance of D=1.0+0.3−0.2Mpc⁠, meaning the galaxy could either be an isolated ultra-faint or the second known satellite of M33. We estimate an absolute magnitude of MV = −6.1 ± 0.2 if Pisces VII/Tri II is at the distance of M33, or as bright as MV = −6.8 ± 0.2 if the galaxy is isolated. At the isolated distance, it has a physical half-light radius of rh=131±61pc consistent with similarly faint galaxies around the Milky Way. As the tip of the red giant branch is sparsely populated, constraining a precision distance is not possible, but if Pisces VII/Tri III can be confirmed as a true satellite of M33, it is a significant finding. With only one potential satellite detected around M33 previously (Andromeda XXII/Tri I), it lacks a significant satellite population in stark contrast to the similarly massive Large Magellanic Cloud. The detection of more satellites in the outskirts of M33 could help to better illuminate if this discrepancy between expectation and observations is due to a poor understanding of the galaxy formation process, or if it is due to the low luminosity and surface brightness of the M33 satellite population which has thus far fallen below the detection limits of previous surveys. If it is truly isolated, it would be the faintest known field dwarf detected to date. © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society., DMD acknowledges financial support from the Talentia Senior Programme (through the incentive ASE-136) from Secretaría General de Universidades, Investigación y Tecnología, de la Junta de Andalucía. DMD and EJA acknowledge funding from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the ‘Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa’ award to the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (SEV-2017-0709). This publication is based on observations made on the island of La Palma with the Italian Telescopio Nazionale Galileo, which is operated by the Fundación Galileo Galilei-INAF (Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica) and is located in the Spanish Observatorio of the Roque de Los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias. This project used public archival data from the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys (DESI LIS). The Legacy Surveys consist of three individual and complementary projects: the Dark Energy Camera Legacy Survey (DECaLS; Proposal ID 2014B-0404; PIs: David Schlegel and Arjun Dey), the Beijing-Arizona Sky Survey (BASS; NOAO Prop. ID 2015A-0801; PIs: Zhou Xu and Xiaohui Fan), and the Mayall z-band Legacy Survey (MzLS; Prop. ID 2016A-0453; PI: Arjun Dey). DECaLS, BASS, and MzLS together include data obtained, respectively, at the Blanco telescope, Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, NSF’s NOIRLab; the Bok telescope, Steward Observatory, University of Arizona; and the Mayall telescope, Kitt Peak National Observatory, NOIRLab. The Legacy Surveys project is honoured to be permitted to conduct astronomical research on Iolkam Du’ag (Kitt Peak), a mountain with particular significance to the Tohono O’odham Nation. NOIRLab is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. This project used data obtained with the Dark Energy Camera (DECam), which was constructed by the Dark Energy Survey (DES) collaboration. Funding for the DES Projects has been provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.S. National Science Foundation, the Ministry of Science and Education of Spain, the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom, the Higher Education Funding Council for England, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics at the Ohio State University, the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas A&M University, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico and the Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia e Inovacao, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, and the Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey. The Collaborating Institutions are Argonne National Laboratory, the University of California at Santa Cruz, the University of Cambridge, Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas-Madrid, the University of Chicago, University College London, the DES-Brazil Consortium, the University of Edinburgh, the Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Institut de Ciencies de l’Espai (IEEC/CSIC), the Institut de Fisica d’Altes Energies, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the Ludwig Maximilians Universitat Munchen and the associated Excellence Cluster Universe, the University of Michigan, NSF’s NOIRLab, the University of Nottingham, the Ohio State University, the University of Pennsylvania, the University of Portsmouth, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, the University of Sussex, and Texas A&M University. The Legacy Surveys imaging of the DESI footprint is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH1123, by the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, a DOE Office of Science User Facility under the same contract; and by the U.S. National Science Foundation, Division of Astronomical Sciences under Contract No. AST-0950945 to NOAO. Based, in part, on observations at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory and National Optical Astronomy Observatory, which are operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.

[Context]: The morphology of galaxies provide us with a unique tool for relating and understanding other physical properties and their changes over the course of cosmic time. It is only recently that we have been afforded access to a wealth of data for an unprecedented number galaxies thanks to large and deep surveys. [Aims]: We present the morphological catalogue of the OTELO survey galaxies detected with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST)-ACS F814W images. We explore various methods applied in previous works to separate early-type (ET) and late-type (LT) galaxies classified via spectral energy distribution (SED) fittings using galaxy templates. Together with this article, we are releasing a catalogue containing the main morphological parameters in the F606W and F814W bands derived for more than 8000 sources. [Methods]: The morphological analysis is based on the single-Sérsic profile fit. We used the GALAPAGOS2 software to provide multi-wavelength morphological parameters fitted simultaneously in two HST-ACS bands. The GALAPAGOS2 software detects, prepares guess values for GALFIT-M, and provides the best-fitting single-Sérsic model in both bands for each source. Stellar masses were estimated using synthetic rest-frame magnitudes recovered from SED fittings of galaxy templates. The morphological catalogue is complemented with concentration indexes from a separate SExtractor dual, high dynamical range mode. [Results]: A total of 8812 sources were successfully fitted with single-Sérsic profiles. The analysis of a carefully selected sample of ∼3000 sources up to zphot = 2 is presented in this work, of which 873 sources were not detected in previous studies. We found no statistical evidence for the evolution of the low-mass end of mass-size relation for ET and LT since z = 2. Furthermore, we found a good agreement for the median size evolution for ET and LT galaxies, for a given stellar mass, with the data from the literature. Compared to previous works on faint field galaxies, we found similarities regarding their rest-frame colours as well as the Sérsic and concentration indices. ©, This work was supported by the project Evolution of Galaxies, of reference AYA2014-58861-C3-1-P and AYA2017-88007-C3-1-P, within the "Programa estatal de fomento de la investigacion cientifica y tecnica de excelencia del Plan Estatal de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica y de Innovacion (2013-2016)" of the "Agencia Estatal de Investigacion del Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades", and co-financed by the FEDER "Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional". APG, RPM and MSP was supported by AYA2017-88007-C3-2-P. APG and MC are also supported by the Spanish State Research Agency grant MDM-2017-0737 (Unidad de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu CAB). JAD is grateful for the support from the UNAM-DGAPA-PASPA 2019 program, and the kind hospitality of the IAC. Based on observations made with the Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC), installed in the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, on the island of La Palma. This paper made use of the IAC Supercomputing facility HTCondor (http://research.cs.wisc.edu/htcondor/). This paper made use of the Wright (2006) cosmological calculator. Based on observations obtained with MegaPrime/MegaCam, a joint project of CFHT and CEA/IRFU, at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) which is operated by the National Research Council (NRC) of Canada, the Institut National des Science de l'Univers of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) of France, and the University of Hawaii. This work is based in part on data products produced at Terapix available at the Canadian Astronomy Data Centre as part of the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey, a collaborative project of NRC and CNRS. M.A.L.L. is a DARK-Carlsberg Foundation Fellow (Semper Ardens project CF15-0384). MP acknowledges financial financial support from the Ethiopian Space Science and Technology Institute (ESSTI) under the Ethiopian Ministry of Innovation and Technology (MInT), and of the Spanish MEC undergrant AYA2016-76682-C3-1-P and PID2019-106027GB-C41 and financial support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the "Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa" award to the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andaluca (SEV-2017-0709).

[Aims]: We study a sample of Hβ emission line sources at z ∼ 0.9 to identify the star-forming galaxies sample and characterise them in terms of line luminosity, stellar mass, star formation rate, and morphology. The final aim is to obtain the Hβ luminosity function of the star-forming galaxies at this redshift. [Methods]: We used the red tunable filter of the instrument Optical System for Imaging low Resolution Integrated Spectroscopy (OSIRIS) at Gran Telescopio de Canarias to obtain the pseudo spectra of emission line sources in the OTELO field. From these pseudo spectra, we identified the objects with Hβ emission. As the resolution of the pseudo spectra allowed us to separate Hβ from [Oâ » III], we were able to derive the Hβ flux without contamination from its adjacent line. Using data from the extended OTELO catalogue, we discriminated AGNs and studied the star formation rate, the stellar mass, and the morphology of the star-forming galaxies. [Results]: We find that our sample is located on the main sequence of star-forming galaxies. The sources are morphologically classified, mostly as disc-like galaxies (76%), and 90% of the sample are low-mass galaxies (M∗ < 1010â M⊠). The low-mass star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 0.9 that were detected by OTELO present similar properties as low-mass star-forming galaxies in the local universe, suggesting that these kinds of objects do not have a favorite epoch of formation and star formation enhancement from z ∼ 1 to now. Our sample of 40 Hβ star-forming galaxies include the faintest Hβ emitters detected so far. This allows us to constrain the faint end of the luminosity function for the Hβ line alone with a minimum luminosity of log L = 39â ergâ s-1, which is a hundred times fainter than previous surveys. The dust-corrected OSIRIS Tunable Emission Line Object survey (OTELO) Hβ luminosity function established the faint-end slope as α =-1.36 ± 0.15. We increased the scope of the analysis to the bright end by adding ancillary data from the literature, which was not dust-corrected in this case. The obtained slope for this extended luminosity function is α =-1.43 ± 0.12., This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) under the grants AYA2014 -58861 -C3 -1 -P, AYA2014 -58861 C3 -2 -P, AYA2014 -58861 -C3 -3 -P, AYA2013 -46724 -P, AYA2017 -88007 C3 -1 -P, AYA2017 -88007 -C3 -2, MDM-2017-0737 (Unidad de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu, CAB). APG acknowledges support from ESA through the Faculty of the European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC) -Funding reference ESAC_549/2019. Based on observations made with the Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC), installed in the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, in the island of La Palma. This study makes use of data from AEGIS, a multiwavelength sky survey conducted with the Chandra, GALEX, Hubble, Keck, CFHT, MMT, Subaru, Palomar, Spitzer, VLA, and other telescopes and supported in part by the NSF, NASA, and the STFC. Based on observations obtained with MegaPrime/MegaCam, a joint project of CFHT and CEA/IRFU, at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) which is operated by the National Research Council (NRC) of Canada, the Institut National des Science de l'Univers of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) of France, and the University of Hawaii. This work is based in part on data products produced at Terapix available at the Canadian Astronomy Data Centre as part of the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey, a collaborative project of NRC and CNRS. Based on observations obtained with WIRCam, a joint project of CFHT, Taiwan, Korea, Canada, France, at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) which is operated by the National Research Council (NRC) of Canada, the Institute National des Sciences de l'Univers of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique of France, and the University of Hawaii. This work is based in part on data products produced at TERAPIX, the WIRDS (WIRcam Deep Survey) consortium, and the Canadian Astronomy Data Centre. This research was supported by a grant from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche ANR-07-BLAN-0228., With funding from the Spanish government through the Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence accreditation SEV-2017-0709.

We present the analysis of a sample of Hα, Hβ, and [O ii] emission line galaxies from the OTELO survey, with masses typically below and redshifts between z ∼ 0.4 and 1.43. We study the star formation rate, star formation rate density, and their number density and evolution with redshift. We obtain a robust estimate of the specific star formation rate - stellar mass relation based on the lowest-mass sample published so far. We also determine a flat trend of the star formation rate density (SFRD) and number density with redshift. Our results suggest a scenario of no evolution of the number density of galaxies, regardless of their masses, up to redshift z ∼ 1.4. This implies a gradual change of the relative importance of the star-forming processes, from high-mass galaxies to low-mass galaxies, with decreasing redshift. We also find little or no variation of the SFRD in the redshift range of 0.4 < z < 1.43., This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) under the grants AYA2014 - 58861 - C3 - 1 - P, AYA2014 - 58861 - C3 - 2 - P, AYA2014 - 58861 - C3 - 3 - P, AYA2013 - 46724 - P, AYA2017 - 88007 - C3 - 1 - P, AYA2017 - 88007 - C3 - 2, MDM - 2017 - 0737 (Unidad de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu, CAB). A.P.G. acknowledge support from ESA through the Faculty of the European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC)-Funding reference ESAC_549/2019. E.J.A. acknowledges funding from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the "Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa" award to the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (SEV-2017-0709) and from grant PGC2018-095049-B-C21. Based on observations made with the Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC), installed in the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, in the island of La Palma. This study makes use of data from AEGIS, a multi-wavelength sky survey conducted with the Chandra, GALEX, Hubble, Keck, CFHT, MMT, Subaru, Palomar, Spitzer, VLA, and other telescopes and supported in part by the NSF, NASA, and the STFC. Based on observations obtained with MegaPrime/MegaCam, a joint project of CFHT and CEA/IRFU, at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) which is operated by the National Research Council (NRC) of Canada, the Institut National des Science de l'Univers of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) of France, and the University of Hawaii. This work is based in part on data products produced at Terapix available at the Canadian Astronomy Data Centre as part of the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey, a collaborative project of NRC and CNRS. This research was supported by a grant from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche ANR-07-BLAN-0228.

The GALANTE optical photometric survey is observing the northern Galactic plane and some adjacent regions using seven narrow- and intermediate-filters, covering a total of 1618 deg2. The survey has been designed with multiple exposure times and at least two different air masses per field to maximize its photometric dynamic range, comparable to that of Gaia, and ensure the accuracy of its photometric calibration. The goal is to reach at least 1 per cent accuracy and precision in the seven bands for all stars brighter than AB magnitude 17 while detecting fainter stars with lower values of the signal-to-noise ratio. The main purposes of GALANTE are the identification and study of extinguished O+B+WR stars, the derivation of their extinction characteristics, and the cataloguing of F and G stars in the solar neighbourhood. Its data will be also used for a variety of other stellar studies and to generate a high-resolution continuum-free map of the Hα emission in the Galactic plane. We describe the techniques and the pipeline that are being used to process the data, including the basis of an innovative calibration system based on Gaia DR2 and 2MASS photometry. © 2021 The Author(s)., JMA, GH, and HGE acknowledge support from the Spanish Government Ministerio de Ciencia through grant PGC2018-095 049-B-C22. EJA and AL-G acknowledge support from the Spanish Government Ministerio de Ciencia through grant PGC2018-095 049-B-C21 and from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish Government Ministerio de Ciencia through the ‘Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa’ award for the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (SEV-2017-0709). The GALANTE team at the Centro de Astrobiología acknowledges financial support from the Science and Operations Department of the European Space Agency – Contract Number 4 000 126 507. RHB acknowledges support from the ESAC Faculty Visitor Program. Funding for OAJ, UPAD, and CEFCA has been provided by the Governments of Spain and Aragón through the Fondo de Inversiones de Teruel; the Aragonese Government through the Research Groups E96, E103, and E16_17R; the Spanish Government Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE) with grantPGC2018-097 585-B-C21; the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO/FEDER, UE) with grants AYA2015-66 211-C2-1-P, AYA2015-66 211-C2-2, AYA2012-30 789, and ICTS-2009-14; and the European FEDER funding with grants FCDD10-4E-867 and FCDD13-4E-2685. PRTC acknowledges financial support from Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) process number 2018/05 392-8 and CNPq process number 310 041/2018-0. The main source of data for this paper is the JAST80 telescope at the Observatorio Astrofísico de Javalambre, Teruel, Spain (owned, managed, and operated by the Centro de Estudios de Física del Cosmos de Aragón). As detailed in this paper, the initial part of the reduction and astrometric calibration was done by the OAJ Data Processing and Archiving Unit (UPAD) and the main part of the reduction and calibration was done at the Centro de Astrobiología. In addition to the JAST80 data, two other types of data products have been used as sources for the catalogue generation and calibration: [1] from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC; https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. [2] From the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS), which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation, where the word ‘National’ refers to the United States of America. No optically reflecting surface with a size larger than the height of the tallest of the authors was required to write this paper.

Context. This is the second paper of a series on Galactic OB groups that uses astrometric and photometric data from Gaia and spectral classifications from the Galactic O-Star Spectroscopic Survey (GOSSS) and the Library of Libraries of Massive-star high-Resolution spectra (LiLiMaRlin). The previous paper was based on the second Gaia data release (DR2). Since then, the early third Gaia data release (EDR3) has appeared with new astrometry and photometry. Aims. The two aims of this paper are to revise the results for the sample from Paper I using Gaia EDR3 data and to expand the sample of analyzed stellar groups to 26, from Villafranca O-001 to Villafranca O-026. Methods. We used GOSSS to select Galactic stellar groups with O stars and an updated version of the method in Paper 0 of this series, combining Gaia EDR3 G + GBP + GRP photometry, positions, proper motions, and parallaxes to assign memberships and measure distances. We present 99 spectra from GOSSS and 32 from LiLiMaRlin for stars in the analyzed groups or in their foreground. Results. We derived distances to the 26 stellar groups with unprecedented precision and accuracy, with total (random plus systematic) uncertainties lower than 1% for distances within 1 kpc and of ∼3% around 3 kpc, which are values almost four times better than for Gaia DR2. We provide homogeneous spectral types for 110 stars and correct a number of errors in the literature, especially for objects in Villafranca O-023 (Orion nebula cluster). For each group, we discuss its membership and present possible runaway and walkaway stars. At least two of the studied groups, Villafranca O-O12 S in NGC 2467 and Villafranca O-014 NW in the North America nebula, are orphan clusters in which the most massive stars have been ejected by dynamical interactions, leaving objects with a capped mass function. The existence of such clusters has important consequences for the study of the initial mass function (IMF), the distribution of supernova explosions across the Galaxy, and the population and dynamics of isolated compact objects. We fit pre-main-sequence (PMS) isochrones to the color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) of four clusters to derive ages of 2.0 ± 0.5 Ma for Villafranca O-026 (σ Orionis cluster), 4 ± 2 Ma for Villafranca O-016 (NGC 2264), 5.0 ± 0.5 Ma for Villafranca O-021 (NGC 2362), and 8 ± 2 Ma for Villafranca O-024 (γ Velorum cluster). © ESO 2022., J.M.A., R.F.A., M.P.G., P.C.B., and A.S. acknowledge support from the Spanish Government Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación through grant PGC2018-095 049-B-C22. R. H. B. acknowledges support from ANID FONDECYT Regular Project 1 211 903 and the ESAC visitors program. E.J.A. acknowledges support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish Government Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación through the “Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa” award to the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (SEV-2017-0709) and through grant PGC2018-095 049-B-C21 This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia, processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. The Gaia data is processed with the computer resources at Mare Nostrum and the technical support provided by BSC-CNS. This research has made extensive use of the SIMBAD and VizieR databases, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France.

Aims. We present the photometric calibration of the twelve optical passbands for the Javalambre Photometric Local Universe Survey (J-PLUS) second data release (DR2), comprising 1088 pointings of two square degrees, and study the systematic impact of metallicity on the stellar locus technique. Methods. The [Fe/H] metallicity from the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) for 146â 184 high-quality calibration stars, defined with signal-To-noise ratio larger than ten in J-PLUS passbands and larger than three in Gaia parallax, was used to compute the metallicity-dependent stellar locus (ZSL). The initial homogenization of J-PLUS photometry, performed with a unique stellar locus, was refined by including the metallicity effect in colors via the ZSL. Results. The variation of the average metallicity along the Milky Way produces a systematic offset in J-PLUS calibration. This effect is well above 1% for the bluer passbands and amounts 0.07, 0.07, 0.05, 0.03, and 0.02 mag in u, J0378, J0395, J0410, and J0430, respectively. We modeled this effect with the Milky Way location of the J-PLUS pointing, also providing an updated calibration for those observations without LAMOST information. The estimated accuracy in the calibration after including the metallicity effect is at 1% for the bluer J-PLUS passbands and below for the rest. Conclusions. Photometric calibration with the stellar locus technique is prone to significant systematic bias in the Milky Way for passbands bluer than λâ =â 4500 Å. The calibration method for J-PLUS DR2 reaches 1-2% precision and 1% accuracy for 12 optical filters within an area of 2176 square degrees. © ESO 2021., Funding for the J-PLUS Project has been provided by the Governments of Spain and Aragón through the Fondo de Inversiones de Teruel; the Aragonese Government through the Reseach Groups E96, E103, and E16_17R; the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE) with grants PGC2018-097585-B-C21 and PGC2018-097585-B-C22; the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) under AYA2015-66211-C2-1-P, AYA2015-66211-C2-2, AYA2012-30789, and ICTS-2009-14; and European FEDER funding (FCDD10-4E-867, FCDD13-4E-2685). The Brazilian agencies FINEP, FAPESP, and the National Observatory of Brazil have also contributed to this project. E. J. A acknowledges financial support from PGC2018-095049-B-C21 (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE) and SEV-2017-0709. A. A. C. acknowledges support from the Universidad de Alicante (contract UATALENTO18-02). F. J. E. acknowledges financial support from the Spanish MINECO/FEDER through the grant AYA2017-84089 and MDM-2017-0737 at Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu, and from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement no. 824064 through the ESCAPE - The European Science Cluster of Astronomy & Particle Physics ESFRI Research Infrastructures project. The work of V. M. P. is supported by NOIRLab, which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. E. T. acknowledges support by ETAg grant PRG1006 and by EU through the ERDF CoE grant TK133. L. S. J. acknowledges support from Brazilian agencies FAPESP (2019/10923-5) and CNPq (304819/201794).

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited., The INT Photometric Hα Survey (IPHAS) has provided us with a number of new emission-line sources, among which planetary nebulae (PNe) constitute an important fraction. Here we present a detailed analysis of the IPHAS nebula Sab 19 (IPHASX J055242.8+262116) based on radio, infrared, and optical images and intermediate- and high-dispersion long-slit spectra. Sab 19 consists of a roundish 0.10 pc in radius double-shell nebula surrounded by a much larger 2.8 pc in radius external shell with a prominent H-shaped filament. We confirm the nature of the main nebula as a PN whose sub-solar N/O ratio abundances, low ionized mass, peculiar radial velocity, and low-mass central star allow us to catalogue it as a Type III PN. Apparently, the progenitor star of Sab 19 became a PN when crossing the Perseus Arm during a brief visit of a few Myr. The higher N/O ratio and velocity shift ≃ 40 km s-1 of the external shell with respect to the main nebula and its large ionized mass suggest that it is not truly associated with Sab 19, but it is rather dominated by a Strömgren zone in the interstellar medium ionized by the PN central star. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Royal Astronomical Society., We acknowledge support of the publication fee by the CSIC Open Access Publication Support Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI). MAG acknowledges support from the Spanish Government Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades (MCIU) through grant PGC2018-102184-B-I00, LS acknowledges support from DGAPA, UNAM PAPIIT project IN101819, GR-L acknowledges support from Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT) grant 263373 and Programa para el Desarrollo Profesional (PRODEP) Mexico, and EJA acknowledges support from MCIU grant PGC2018-095049-B-C21. MAG and EJA are supported by the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the "Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa" award for the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (SEV-2017-0709). This research has made use of the SIMBAD database operated at CDS (Strasbourg, France), the NASA/IPAC Infrared Science Archive, which is funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and operated by the California Institute of Technology, the NASA's Astrophysics Data System, and NRAO VLA Sky Survey. It has also made use of data obtained as part of the INT Photometric Ha Survey (IPHAS) of the Northern Galactic Plane carried out at the Isaac Newton Telescope (INT), which is operated on the island of La Palma by the Isaac Newton Group in the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrof ' isica de Canarias. All IPHAS data are processed by the Cambridge Astronomical Survey Unit, at the Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge. Based on observations made with the Nordic Optical Telescope (NOT) and Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC), installed in the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, in the island of La Palma. NOT is owned in collaboration by the University of Turku and Aarhus University, and operated jointly by Aarhus University, the University of Turku and the University of Oslo, representing Denmark, Finland and Norway, the University of Iceland and Stockholm University. This work is partly based on data obtained with the instruments ALFOSC, which is provided by the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (IAA) under a joint agreement with the University of Copenhagen and NOTSA, and OSIRIS, built by a Consortium led by the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias in collaboration with the Instituto de Astronomia of the Universidad Autonoma de México. OSIRIS was funded by GRANTECAN and the National Plan of Astronomy and Astrophysics of the Spanish Government.

We present the Dark Energy Camera (DECam) imaging combined with Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2) data to study the Canis Major overdensity. The presence of the so-called Blue Plume stars in a low-pollution area of the colour-magnitude diagram allows us to derive the distance and proper motions of this stellar feature along the line of sight of its hypothetical core. The stellar overdensity extends on a large area of the sky at low Galactic latitudes, below the plane, and in the range 230° < ℓ < 255°. According to the orbit derived for Canis Major, it presents an on-plane rotation around the Milky Way. Moreover, additional overdensities of Blue Plume stars are found around the plane and across the Galaxy, proving that these objects are not only associated with that structure. The spatial distribution of these stars, derived using Gaia astrometric data, confirms that the detection of the Canis Major overdensity results more from the warped structure of the Milky Way disc than from the accretion of a dwarf galaxy. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society, Authors thank the anonymous referee for helpful comments and suggestions. They also thank Santi Cassisi for his help to compute the synthetic colour-magnitude diagram used in this study and to X. Chen for kindly providing the positions of their sample of Cepheids. JAC-B acknowledges financial support to CAS-CONICYT 17003. DM-D acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry for Science, Innovation and Universities and FEDER funds through grant AYA2016-81065-C2-2. EJA and DM-D acknowledge financial support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the 'Centre of Excellence Severo Ochoa' award for the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (SEV-2017-0709) and from grant PGC2018-095049-B-C21. DECam was constructed by the Dark Energy Survey (DES) collaboration. Funding for the DES Projects has been provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.S. National Science Foundation, theMinistry of Science and Education of Spain, the Science and Technology Facilities Council of theUnited Kingdom, the Higher Education Funding Council for England, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, the Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics at the Ohio State University, the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas A&M University, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo 'a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico and the Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia e Inovacao, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, and the Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey. Funding for the Gaia DPC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement.

Full list of authors: Bonoli, S.; Marín-Franch, A.; Varela, J.; Vázquez Ramió, H.; Abramo, L. R.; Cenarro, A. J.; Dupke, R. A.; Vílchez, J. M.; Cristóbal-Hornillos, D.; González Delgado, R. M.; Hernández-Monteagudo, C.; López-Sanjuan, C.; Muniesa, D. J.; Civera, T.; Ederoclite, A.; Hernán-Caballero, A.; Marra, V.; Baqui, P. O.; Cortesi, A.; Cypriano, E. S.; Daflon, S.; de Amorim, A. L.; Díaz-García, L. A.; Diego, J. M.; Martínez-Solaeche, G.; Pérez, E.; Placco, V. M.; Prada, F.; Queiroz, C.; Alcaniz, J.; Alvarez-Candal, A.; Cepa, J.; Maroto, A. L.; Roig, F.; Siffert, B. B.; Taylor, K.; Benitez, N.; Moles, M.; Sodré, L.; Carneiro, S.; Mendes de Oliveira, C.; Abdalla, E.; Angulo, R. E.; Aparicio Resco, M.; Balaguera-Antolínez, A.; Ballesteros, F. J.; Brito-Silva, D.; Broadhurst, T.; Carrasco, E. R.; Castro, T.; Cid Fernandes, R.; Coelho, P.; de Melo, R. B.; Doubrawa, L.; Fernandez-Soto, A.; Ferrari, F.; Finoguenov, A.; García-Benito, R.; Iglesias-Páramo, J.; Jiménez-Teja, Y.; Kitaura, F. S.; Laur, J.; Lopes, P. A. A.; Lucatelli, G.; Martínez, V. J.; Maturi, M.; Overzier, R. A.; Pigozzo, C.; Quartin, M.; Rodríguez-Martín, J. E.; Salzano, V.; Tamm, A.; Tempel, E.; Umetsu, K.; Valdivielso, L. ; von Marttens, R.; Zitrin, A.; Díaz-Martín, M. C.; López-Alegre, G.; López-Sainz, A.; Yanes-Díaz, A.; Rueda-Teruel, F.; Rueda-Teruel, S.; Abril Ibañez, J.; L Antón Bravo, J.; Bello Ferrer, R.; Bielsa, S.; Casino, J. M.; Castillo, J.; Chueca, S.; Cuesta, L.; Garzarán Calderaro, J.; Iglesias-Marzoa, R.; Íniguez, C.; Lamadrid Gutierrez, J. L.; Lopez-Martinez, F.; Lozano-Pérez, D.; Maícas Sacristán, N.; Molina-Ibáñez, E. L.; Moreno-Signes, A.; Rodríguez Llano, S.; Royo Navarro, M.; Tilve Rua, V.; Andrade, U.; Alfaro, E. J.; Akras, S.; Arnalte-Mur, P.; Ascaso, B.; Barbosa, C. E.; Beltrán Jiménez, J.; Benetti, M.; Bengaly, C. A. P.; Bernui, A.; Blanco-Pillado, J. J.; Borges Fernandes, M.; Bregman, J. N.; Bruzual, G.; Calderone, G.; Carvano, J. M.; Casarini, L.; Chaves-Montero, J.; Chies-Santos, A. L.; Coutinho de Carvalho, G.; Dimauro, P.; Duarte Puertas, S.; Figueruelo, D.; González-Serrano, J. I.; Guerrero, M. A.; Gurung-López, S.; Herranz, D.; Huertas-Company, M.; Irwin, J. A.; Izquierdo-Villalba, D.; Kanaan, A.; Kehrig, C.; Kirkpatrick, C. C.; Lim, J.; Lopes, A. R.; Lopes de Oliveira, R.; Marcos-Caballero, A.; Martínez-Delgado, D.; Martínez-González, E.; Martínez-Somonte, G.; Oliveira, N.; Orsi, A. A.; Penna-Lima, M.; Reis, R. R. R.; Spinoso, D.; Tsujikawa, S.; Vielva, P.; Vitorelli, A. Z.; Xia, J. Q.; Yuan, H. B.; Arroyo-Polonio, A.; Dantas, M. L. L.; Galarza, C. A.; Gonçalves, D. R.; Gonçalves, R. S.; Gonzalez, J. E.; Gonzalez, A. H.; Greisel, N.; Jiménez-Esteban, F.; Landim, R. G.; Lazzaro, D.; Magris, G.; Monteiro-Oliveira, R.; Pereira, C. B.; Rebouças, M. J.; Rodriguez-Espinosa, J. M.; Santos da Costa, S.; Telles, E., The Javalambre-Physics of the Accelerating Universe Astrophysical Survey (J-PAS) will scan thousands of square degrees of the northern sky with a unique set of 56 filters using the dedicated 2:55m Javalambre Survey Telescope (JST) at the Javalambre Astrophysical Observatory. Prior to the installation of the main camera (4:2 deg2 field-of-view with 1.2 Gpixels), the JST was equipped with the JPAS-Pathfinder, a one CCD camera with a 0:3 deg2 field-of-view and plate scale of 0.23 arcsec pixel?1. To demonstrate the scientific potential of J-PAS, the JPAS-Pathfinder camera was used to perform miniJPAS, a _1 deg2 survey of the AEGIS field (along the Extended Groth Strip). The field was observed with the 56 J-PAS filters, which include 54 narrow band (FWHM _ 145 ) and two broader filters extending to the UV and the near-infrared, complemented by the u; g; r; i SDSS broad band filters. In this miniJPAS survey overview paper, we present the miniJPAS data set (images and catalogs), as we highlight key aspects and applications of these unique spectro-photometric data and describe how to access the public data products. The data parameters reach depths of magAB ' 22?23:5 in the 54 narrow band filters and up to 24 in the broader filters (5_ in a 300 aperture). The miniJPAS primary catalog contains more than 64 000 sources detected in the r band and with matched photometry in all other bands. This catalog is 99% complete at r = 23:6 (r = 22:7) mag for point-like (extended) sources. We show that our photometric redshifts have an accuracy better than 1% for all sources up to r = 22:5, and a precision of _0:3% for a subset consisting of about half of the sample. On this basis, we outline several scientific applications of our data, including the study of spatially-resolved stellar populations of nearby galaxies, the analysis of the large scale structure up to z _ 0:9, and the detection of large numbers of clusters and groups. Sub-percent redshift precision can also be reached for quasars, allowing for the study of the large-scale structure to be pushed to z 2. The miniJPAS survey demonstrates the capability of the J-PAS filter system to accurately characterize a broad variety of sources and paves the way for the upcoming arrival of J-PAS, which will multiply this data by three orders of magnitude. © 2021 EDP Sciences. All rights reserved., Funding for OAJ, UPAD, and CEFCA has been provided by the Governments of Spain and Aragon through the Fondo de Inversiones de Teruel; the Aragon Government through the Research Groups E96, E103, and E16_17R; the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE) with grant PGC2018-097585-B-C21; the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO/FEDER, UE) under AYA2015-66211-C2-1-P, AYA2015-66211-C2-2, AYA2012-30789, and ICTS2009-14; and European FEDER funding (FCDD10-4E-867, FCDD13-4E-2685). This work has made used of CEFCA's Scientific High Performance Computing system which has been funded by the Governments of Spain and Aragon through the Fondo de Inversiones de Teruel, and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO-FEDER, grant AYA2012-30789). Funding for the J-PAS project has been provided also by the Brazilian agencies FINEP, FAPESP, FAPERJ and by the National Observatory of Brazil. Additional funding was also provided by the Tartu Observatory and by the Chinese Consortium from the Academy of Sciences SB acknowledges partial support from the project PGC2018-097585-B-C22. R.A.D. acknowledges support from the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico -CNPq through BP grant 308105/2018-4, and the Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos -FINEP grants REF. 1217/13 -01.13.0279.00 and REF 0859/10 -01.10.0663.00 and also FAPERJ PRONEX grant E-26/110.566/2010 for hardware funding support for the J-PAS project through the National Observatory of Brazil and Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas. LRA acknowledges financial support from CNPq (306696/2018-5) and FAPESP (2015/17199-0). VMthanks CNPq (Brazil) and FAPES (Brazil) for partial financial support and the H2020 project No 888258. L.A.D.G. and K.U. acknowledge support from the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan (grant MOST 106-2628-M-001-003-MY3) and from the Academia Sinica (grant AS-IA-107-M01). J.M.D. and D.H acknowledge the support of project PGC2018-101814-B-100. MQ thanks CNPq (Brazil) and FAPERJ (Brazil) for financial support. PC acknowledges financial support from FAPESP (2018/05392-8) and CNPq (310041/2018-0). AAC acknowledges support from FAPERJ (E26/203.186/2016), CNPq (304971/2016-2 and 401669/2016-5), and the Universidad de Alicante (contract UATALENTO1802). C.Q. acknowledges support from FAPESP (2015/11442-0 and 2019/067661). V.M.P. is supported by NOIRLab, which is managed by AURA under a cooperative agreement with the NSF. P.B acknowledges support from CAPES -Finance Code 001. IAA researchers acknowledge financial support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the "Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa" award to the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (SEV-2017-0709). Authors acknowledge support from the Generalitat Valenciana project of excellence Prometeo/2020/085. RGD, GMS, JRM, RGB, EP acknowledge financial support from the project AyA2016-77846-P. TC is supported by the INFN INDARK PD51 and PRIN-MIUR 2015W7KAWC. MAR and ALM acknowledge support from the MINECO project FIS2016-78859P(AEI/FEDER, UE). ET, AT and JL acknowledge the support by ETAg grants IUT40-2 and by EU through the ERDF CoE grant TK133 and MOBTP86. CK, JMV, JIP acknowledge financial support from project AYA2016-79724C4-4P. PAAL thanks the support of CNPq (309398/2018-5). LC thanks CNPq for partial support. Y.J-T acknowledges financial support from the FAPERJ (E26/202.835/2016), and from the Horizon 2020 Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 898633. DMD acknowledges financial support from the SFB 881 of the DFG and from the MINECO grant AYA2016-81065-C2-2. FP acknowledges support of the project PGC2018-101931-B-I00. JC acknowledges support of the project E AYA2017-88007-C3-1-P, and co-financed by the FEDER. JIGs acknowledges support of projects of reference AYA2017-88007-C3-3-P, and PGC2018-099705-B-I00 and co-financed by the FEDER. EMG and PV would like to acknowledge financial support from the project ESP2017-83921C2-1-R. GMS acknowleges financial support from a predoctoral contract, ref. PRE2018-085523 (MCIU/AEI/FSE, UE). S.C. is partially supported by CNPq. R.G.L. acknowledges CAPES (process 88881.162206/2017-01) and Alexander von Humboldt Foundation for the financial support. JSA acknowledges support from FAPERJ (E26/203.024/2017), CNP (310790/2014-0 and 400471/2014-0) and FINEP (1217/13 -01.13.0279.00 and Ref. 0859/10 -01.10.0663.00). RvM acknowledges support from CNPq. AFS, PAM, VJM and FJB acknowledge support from project AYA2016-81065-C2-2. PAM acknowledges support from the "Subprograma Atraccio de Talent -Contractes Postdoctorals de la Universitat de Valencia". ESC acknowledges support from CNPq (308539/20184) and FAPESP (2019/19687-2). CMdO acknowledges support from CNPq (grant 312333/2014-5) and FAPESP (grant 2009/54202-8). LSJ acknowledges support from CNPq (grant 304819/2017-4) and FAPESP (grant 2012/008004). JMC acknowledges support from CNPq (grant 310727/2016-2). C.H.-M. and N. Greisel also acknowledge the support of the European Union via the Career Integration Grant CIG-PCIG9-GA-2011-294183. JJBP and AMC would like to acknowledge the support from the grant PGC2018-094626-B-C21 and the Basque Government grant IT-979-16. AMC acknowledges the postdoctoral contract from the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU "Especializacioon de personal investigador doctor" program. MLLD acknowledges CAPES -Finance Code 001; and CNPq (142294/2018-7). GB acknowledges financial support from the UNAM through grant DGAPA/PAPIIT IG100319, from CONACyT through grant CB2015-252364, and from FAPESP projects 2017/02375-2 and 2018/05392-8. M.J. Reboucas acknowledges the support of FAPERJ under a CNE E-26/202.864/2017 grant, and CNPq. Support by CNPq (305409/2016-6) and FAPERJ (E-26/202.841/2017) is acknowledged by DL. AB acknowledges a CNPq fellowship. C.A.G.acknowledges support from CAPES. EA acknowledges support from FAPESP (2011/18729-1). AC acknowledges support from PNPD/CAPES. ABA and FSK acknowledge the Severo Ochoa program SEV-2015-0548. FSK also thanks the AYA2017-89891-P and the RYC2015-18693 grants. DF acknowledges support from the Atraccion del Talento Cientifico en Salamanca programme and the project PGC2018-096038B-I00.

In the frame of a study of the empirical isochrones of young stellar clusters, we have carried out BVIc Johnson-Cousins photometry of a sample of K and M stars of the Coma Berenices star cluster. All these stars have known rotational periods. Our main goal is to get a valuable reference on the colour-magnitude diagram, M-v versus B - V, for stars with ages within 400-800 Myr. For this purpose, we obtained BVIc photometry with an average upper limit for the precision of about 0.025 mag and used parallaxes from the Gaia Data Release 2. We found that one-third of our sample is located well above the cluster main sequence and these stars are confirmed as background giants by their radial velocities in the Gaia Data Release 2. This misclassification shows that giants with short-surface rotational periods can mimic main-sequence stars if they are located at the appropriate distance. We recommend caution when using rotational periods in order to determine cluster membership. Besides, the gyrochronology technique should be used only when the luminosity class of the stars is well known. Finally, our cleared sample supports an age of similar to 600 Myr for Coma Berenices, rather than an age of similar to 800 Myr. © 2020, Oxford University Press, This research was supported by the Spanish AYA2016-79425-C3-3-P grant of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO), co-funded with EU FEDER funds. EC acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under the FPI grant AYA2011-30147-C03-01. EJA acknowledges financial support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through grant PGC2018-095049-B-C21. AT acknowledges financial support from the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) through the Intramural grant 201850E126. We also acknowledge support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the `Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa' award for the Instituto de Astrof ' isica de Andalucia (SEV-2017-0709). This research was based on data taken at the Sierra Nevada Observatory, which is operated by the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (CSIC). This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/con sortium). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular, the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. This research has made use of the SIMBAD database, the VizieR catalogue access tool, and 'Aladin sky atlas', CDS, Strasbourg, France; of TOPCAT (Taylor 2005); of PYTHON (http://www.python.org), NUMPY (van der Walt, Colbert & Varoquaux 2011), Pandas (Mckinney 2011), and MATPLOTLIB (Hunter 2007); and of IRAF, distributed by the National Optical Astronomy Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. We thank the anonymous referee for reading the paper carefully and providing thoughtful comments, many of which have resulted in changes in the paper.

Authors: Bongiovanni, Ángel; Ramón-Pérez, Marina; Pérez García, Ana María; Cerviño, Miguel; Cepa, Jordi; Nadolny, Jakub; Pérez Martínez, Ricardo; Alfaro, Emilio J.; Castañeda, Héctor O.; Cedrés, Bernabé; de Diego, José A.; Ederoclite, Alessandro; Fernández-Lorenzo, Mirian; Gallego, Jesús; de Jesús González, José; González-Serrano, José Ignacio; Lara-López, Maritza A.; Oteo Gómez, Iván; Padilla Torres, Carmen P.; Pintos-Castro, Irene Pović, Mirjana; Sánchez-Portal, Miguel; Heath Jones, D.; Bland-Hawthorn, Joss; Cabrera-Lavers, Antonio, Context. The OSIRIS Tunable Filter Emission Line Object (OTELO) survey is a very deep, blind exploration of a selected region of the Extended Groth Strip and is designed for finding emission-line sources (ELSs). The survey design, observations, data reduction, astrometry, and photometry, as well as the correlation with ancillary data used to obtain a final catalogue, including photo-z estimates and a preliminary selection of ELS, were described in a previous contribution. Aims. Here, we aim to determine the main properties and luminosity function (LF) of the [O III] ELS sample of OTELO as a scientific demonstration of its capabilities, advantages, and complementarity with respect to other surveys. Methods. The selection and analysis procedures of ELS candidates obtained using tunable filter pseudo-spectra are described. We performed simulations in the parameter space of the survey to obtain emission-line detection probabilities. Relevant characteristics of [O III] emitters and the LF ([O III]), including the main selection biases and uncertainties, are presented. Results. From 541 preliminary emission-line source candidates selected around z = 0.8, a total of 184 sources were confirmed as [O III] emitters. Consistent with simulations, the minimum detectable line flux and equivalent width in this ELS sample are ∼5 × 10-19 erg s-1 cm2 and ∼6 Å, respectively. We are able to constrain the faint-end slope (α =-1.03ℓ ±ℓ 0.08) of the observed LF ([O III]) at a mean redshift of z = 0.83. This LF reaches values that are approximately ten times lower than those from other surveys. The vast majority (84%) of the morphologically classified [O III] ELSs are disc-like sources, and 87% of this sample is comprised of galaxies with stellar masses of M∗ < 1010 M· . © 2020 ESO., The authors thank the anonymous referee for her/his feedback and useful suggestions, and Terry Mahoney (at the IAC's Scientific Editorial Service) for his substantial improvements of the manuscript. AB thanks IAC researchers Begona Garcia Lorenzo, Julio Castro Almazan, and Jose A. Acosta Pulido for their useful comments. This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) under the grants AYA2013 - 46724 - P, AYA2014 - 58861 - C3 - 1 - P, AYA2014 - 58861 - C3 - 2 - P, AYA2014 - 58861 - C3 - 3 - P, AYA2016 - 75808 - R, AYA2016 - 75931 - C2 - 1 - P, AYA2016 - 75931 - C2 - 2 - P and MDM-2017-0737 (Unidad de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu, CAB). This work was supported by the project Evolution of Galaxies, of reference AYA2017 - 88007 - C3 - 1 - P, within the "Programa estatal de fomento de la investigacion cientifica y tecnica de excelencia del Plan Estatal de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica y de Innovacion (2013-2016)" of the "Agencia Estatal de Investigacion del Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades", and co-financed by the FEDER "Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional". JAdD thanks the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC) for its support through the Programa de Excelencia Severo Ochoa and the Gobierno de Canarias for the Programa de Talento Tricontinental grant. MP acknowledges financial supports from the Ethiopian Space Science and Technology Institute (ESSTI) under the Ethiopian Ministry of Innovation and Technology (MInT), and from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the "Centre of Excellence Severo Ochoa" award for the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (SEV-2017-0709). EJA acknowledges financial support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the "Centre of Excellence Severo Ochoa" award for the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (SEV-2017-0709). This article is based on observations made with the Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC) at Roque de los Muchachos Observatory of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias on the island of La Palma. This study makes use of data from AEGIS, a multi-wavelength sky survey conducted with the Chandra, GALEX, Hubble, Keck, CFHT, MMT, Subaru, Palomar, Spitzer, VLA, and other telescopes, and is supported in part by the NSF, NASA, and the STFC. Based on observations obtained with MegaPrime/MegaCam, a joint project of the CFHT and CEA/IRFU, at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) which is operated by the National Research Council (NRC) of Canada, the Institut National des Science de l'Univers of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) of France, and the University of Hawaii. This work is based in part on data products produced at Terapix available at the Canadian Astronomy Data Centre as part of the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey, a collaborative project of NRC and CNRS. Based on observations obtained with WIRCam, a joint project of CFHT, Taiwan, Korea, Canada, France, at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT), which is operated by the National Research Council (NRC) of Canada, the Institute National des Sciences de l'Univers of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique of France, and the University of Hawaii. This work is based in part on data products produced at TERAPIX, the WIRDS (WIRcam Deep Survey) consortium, and the Canadian Astronomy Data Centre. This research was supported by a grant from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche ANR-07-BLAN-0228.

Context. Open clusters are recognised as excellent tracers of Galactic thin-disc properties. At variance with intermediate-age and old open clusters, for which a significant number of studies is now available, clusters younger than ≲ 150 Myr have been mostly overlooked in terms of their chemical composition until recently (with few exceptions). On the other hand, previous investigations seem to indicate an anomalous behaviour of young clusters, which includes (but is not limited to) slightly sub-solar iron (Fe) abundances and extreme, unexpectedly high barium (Ba) enhancements. Aims. In a series of papers, we plan to expand our understanding of this topic and investigate whether these chemical peculiarities are instead related to abundance analysis techniques. Methods. We present a new determination of the atmospheric parameters for 23 dwarf stars observed by the Gaia-ESO survey in five young open clusters (τ < 150 Myr) and one star-forming region (NGC 2264). We exploit a new method based on titanium (Ti) lines to derive the spectroscopic surface gravity, and most importantly, the microturbulence parameter. A combination of Ti and Fe lines is used to obtain effective temperatures. We also infer the abundances of Fe » I, Fe » II, Ti » I, Ti » II, Na » I, Mg » I, Al » I, Si » I, Ca » I, Cr » I, and Ni » I. Results. Our findings are in fair agreement with Gaia-ESO iDR5 results for effective temperatures and surface gravities, but suggest that for very young stars, the microturbulence parameter is over-estimated when Fe lines are employed. This affects the derived chemical composition and causes the metal content of very young clusters to be under-estimated. Conclusions. Our clusters display a metallicity [Fe/H] between +0.04 ± 0.01 and +0.12 ± 0.02; they are not more metal poor than the Sun. Although based on a relatively small sample size, our explorative study suggests that we may not need to call for ad hoc explanations to reconcile the chemical composition of young open clusters with Galactic chemical evolution models. © ESO 2020., This work is based on data products from observations made with ESO Telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory under programme ID 188.B-3002. These data products have been processed by the Cambridge Astronomy Survey Unit (CASU) at the Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, and by the FLAMES/UVES reduction team at INAF/Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri. These data have been obtained from the Gaia-ESO Survey Data Archive, prepared and hosted by the Wide Field Astronomy Unit, Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, which is funded by the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council. This work was partly supported by the European Union FP7 programme through ERC grant number 320360 and by the Leverhulme Trust through grant RPG-2012-541. We acknowledge the support from INAF and Ministero dell' Istruzione, dell' Universita' e della Ricerca (MIUR) in the form of the grant "Premiale VLT 2012". The results presented here benefit from discussions held during the Gaia-ESO workshops and conferences supported by the ESF (European Science Foundation) through the GREAT Research Network Programme. V.A. is supported by FCT -Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia through national funds and by FEDER through COMPETE2020 -Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalizacao by these grants: Investigador FCT contract nr. IF/00650/2015/CP1273/CT0001; UID/FIS/04434/2019; PTDC/FIS-AST/28953/2017 & POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028953 and PTDC/FIS-AST/32113/2017 & POCI-01-0145-FEDER-032113. F.J.E. acknowledges financial support from the Spanish MINECO/FEDER through grant AyA2017-84089. T.B. was supported by the project grant "The New Milky Way" from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation. U.H. acknowledges support from the Swedish National Space Agency (SNSA/Rymdstyrelsen). S.G.S acknowledges the support by Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT) through national funds and a research grant (project ref. UID/FIS/04434/2013, and PTDC/FIS-AST/7073/2014). S.G.S. also acknowledge the support from FCT through Investigador FCT contract of reference IF/00028/2014 and POPH/FSE (EC) by FEDER funding through the program -Programa Operacional de Factores de Competitividade -COMPETE.

Star Clusters: From the Milky Way to the Early Universe. Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union, Volume 351, pp. 139-142, We derive mean proper motions of 15 known Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) old globular clusters (GCs) from the Gaia DR2 data sets. When these mean proper motions are gathered with existent radial velocities to compose the GCs' velocity vectors, we found that the projection of the velocity vectors onto the LMC plane and those perpendicular to it tell us about two distinct kinematical GC populations. Such a distinction becomes clear if the GCs are split at a perpendicular velocity of 10 km/s (absolute value). The two different kinematics groups also exhibit different spatial distributions. Those with smaller vertical velocities are part of the LMC disk, while those with larger values are closely distributed like a spheroidal component. Since GCs in both kinematic-structural components share similar ages and metallicities, we speculate with the possibility that their origins could have occurred through a fast collapse that formed halo and disk concurrently. © International Astronomical Union 2020.

[Contex]: The OSIRIS Tunable Filter Emission Line Object (OTELO) survey is a very deep, blind exploration of a selected region of the Extended Groth Strip and is designed for finding emission-line sources (ELSs). The survey design, observations, data reduction, astrometry, and photometry, as well as the correlation with ancillary data used to obtain a final catalogue, including photo-z estimates and a preliminary selection of ELS, were described in a previous contribution., [Aims]: Here, we aim to determine the main properties and luminosity function (LF) of the [O III] ELS sample of OTELO as a scientific demonstration of its capabilities, advantages, and complementarity with respect to other surveys., [Methods]: The selection and analysis procedures of ELS candidates obtained using tunable filter pseudo-spectra are described. We performed simulations in the parameter space of the survey to obtain emission-line detection probabilities. Relevant characteristics of [O III] emitters and the LF ([O III]), including the main selection biases and uncertainties, are presented., [Results]: From 541 preliminary emission-line source candidates selected around z & x2004;=& x2004;0.8, a total of 184 sources were confirmed as [O III] emitters. Consistent with simulations, the minimum detectable line flux and equivalent width in this ELS sample are similar to 5 x 10(-19) erg s(-1) cm(2) and similar to 6 angstrom, respectively. We are able to constrain the faint-end slope (alpha & x2004;=& x2004;-1.03 +/- 0.08) of the observed LF ([O III]) at a mean redshift of z & x2004;=& x2004;0.83. This LF reaches values that are approximately ten times lower than those from other surveys. The vast majority (84%) of the morphologically classified [O III] ELSs are disc-like sources, and 87% of this sample is comprised of galaxies with stellar masses of M-& x22c6;& x2004;< & x2004;10(10) M-circle dot., This work was supported by the project Evolution of Galaxies, of reference AYA2014-58861-C3-1-P, AYA2017-88007-C3-1-P and AYA2017-88007-C3-2-P, within the "Programa estatal de fomento de la investigacion cientifica y tecnica de excelencia del Plan Estatal de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica y de Innovacion (2013-2016)" of the "Agencia Estatal de Investigacion del Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades", and co-financed by the FEDER "Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional". APG and MC are also supported by the Spanish State Research Agency grant MDM-20170737 (Unidad de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu CAB). JAD is grateful for the support from the UNAM-DGAPA-PASPA 2019 program, and the kind hospitality of the IAC. Based on observations made with the Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC), installed in the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, on the island of La Palma. MALL is a DARK-Carlsberg Foundation Fellow (Semper Ardens project CF15-0384). This research uses data from the VIMOS VLT Deep Survey, obtained from the VVDS database operated by Cesam, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille, France. Based on observations obtained with MegaPrime/MegaCam, a joint project of CFHT and CEA/IRFU, at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) which is operated by the National Research Council (NRC) of Canada, the Institut National des Science de l'Univers of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) of France, and the University of Hawaii. This work is based in part on data products produced at Terapix available at the Canadian Astronomy Data Centre as part of the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey, a collaborative project of NRC and CNRS. This work had made extensive use of TOPCAT and STILTS software (Taylor 2005).

In this work we improve a previously published method to calculate in a reliable way the radius of an open cluster. The method is based on the behaviour of stars in the proper motion space as the sampling changes in the position space. Here we describe the new version of the method and show its performance and robustness. Additionally, we apply it to a large number of open clusters using data from Gaia DR2 to generate a catalogue of 401 clusters with reliable radius estimations. The range of obtained apparent radii goes from Rc = 1.4 ± 0.1 arcmin (for the cluster FSR 1651) to Rc = 25.5 ± 3.5 arcmin (for NGC 2437). Cluster linear sizes follow very closely a lognormal distribution with a mean characteristic radius of Rc = 3.7 pc, and its high radius tail can be fitted by a power law as N∝R−3.11±0.35c . Additionally, we find that number of members, cluster radius and age follow the relationship Nc∝R1.2±0.1c⋅T−1.9±0.4c where the younger and more extensive the cluster, the more members it presents. The proposed method is not sensitive to low density or irregular spatial distributions of stars and, therefore, is a good alternative or complementary procedure to calculate open cluster radii not having previous information on star memberships.© 2020 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society, We are very grateful to the referee for his/her careful reading of the manuscript and helpful comments and suggestions, which improved this paper. NS and EJA acknowledge support from the Spanish Government Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades ´ through grant PGC2018-095049-B-C21 and from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the ‘Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa’ award for the Instituto de Astrof´ısica de Andaluc´ıa (SEV-2017-0709). FL-M acknowledges partial support by the Fondos de Inversiones de Teruel (FITE).

Context. In the era of large spectroscopic surveys, massive databases of high-quality spectra coupled with the products of the Gaia satellite provide tools to outline a new picture of our Galaxy. In this framework, an important piece of information is provided by our ability to infer stellar ages, and consequently to sketch a Galactic timeline. Aims. We aim to provide empirical relations between stellar ages and abundance ratios for a sample of stars with very similar stellar parameters to those of the Sun, namely the so-called solar-like stars. We investigate the dependence on metallicity, and we apply our relations to independent samples, that is, the Gaia-ESO samples of open clusters and of field stars. Methods. We analyse high-resolution and high-signal-to-noise-ratio HARPS spectra of a sample of solar-like stars to obtain precise determinations of their atmospheric parameters and abundances for 25 elements and/or ions belonging to the main nucleosynthesis channels through differential spectral analysis, and of their ages through isochrone fitting. Results. We investigate the relations between stellar ages and several abundance ratios. For the abundance ratios with a steeper dependence on age, we perform multivariate linear regressions, in which we include the dependence on metallicity, [Fe/H]. We apply our best relations to a sample of open clusters located from the inner to the outer regions of the Galactic disc. Using our relations, we are able to recover the literature ages only for clusters located at RGC&Rlarr2; > &Rlarr2; 7 kpc. The values that we obtain for the ages of the inner-disc clusters are much greater than the literature ones. In these clusters, the content of neutron capture elements, such as Y and Zr, is indeed lower than expected from chemical evolution models, and consequently their [Y/Mg] and [Y/Al] are lower than in clusters of the same age located in the solar neighbourhood. With our chemical evolution model and a set of empirical yields, we suggest that a strong dependence on the star formation history and metallicity-dependent stellar yields of s-process elements can substantially modify the slope of the [s/α]-[Fe/H]-age relation in different regions of the Galaxy. Conclusions. Our results point towards a non-universal relation [s/α]-[Fe/H]-age, indicating the existence of relations with different slopes and intercepts at different Galactocentric distances or for different star formation histories. Therefore, relations between ages and abundance ratios obtained from samples of stars located in a limited region of the Galaxy cannot be translated into general relations valid for the whole disc. A better understanding of the s-process at high metallicity is necessary to fully understand the origin of these variations. © ESO 2020., The authors would like to thanks Dr. Leslie K. Hunt for her help in the statistical interpretation of our results. Based on data products from observations made with ESO Telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory under programme ID 188.B-3002. These data products have been processed by the Cambridge Astronomy Survey Unit (CASU) at the Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, and by the FLAMES/UVES reduction team at INAF/Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri. These data have been obtained from the GES Survey Data Archive, prepared and hosted by the Wide Field Astronomy Unit, Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, which is funded by the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC). This research has made use of the services of the ESO Science Archive Facility. This work was partly supported by the European Union FP7 programme through ERC grant number 320360 and by the Leverhulme Trust through grant RPG-2012-541. We acknowledge the support from INAF and Ministero dell' Istruzione, dell' Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR) in the form of the grant "Premiale VLT 2012". The results presented here benefit from discussions held during the GES workshops and conferences supported by the ESF (European Science Foundation) through the GREAT Research Network Programme. LM acknowledge the funding from the INAF PRIN-SKA 2017 program 1.05.01.88.04. LM and MVdS acknowledge the funding from MIUR Premiale 2016: MITIC. T.B. was supported by the project grant "The New Milky Way" from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation. M. acknowledges support provided by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO), under grant AYA-2017-88254-P. L.S. acknowledges financial support from the Australian Research Council (Discovery Project 170100521) and from the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions (ASTRO 3D), through project number CE170100013. F.J.E. acknowledges financial support from the ASTERICS project (ID:653477, H2020-EU.1.4.1.1. - Developing new world-class research infrastructures). U.H. acknowledges support from the Swedish National Space Agency (SNSA/Rymdstyrelsen). T.B was partly funded by the project grant "The New Milky Way" from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, and partly by grant No. 2018-04857 from the Swedish Research Council.

Full list of authors: Gutiérrez Albarrán, M. L.; Montes, D.; Gómez Garrido, M.; Tabernero, H. M.; González Hernández, J. I.; Marfil, E.; Frasca, A.; Lanzafame, A. C.; Klutsch, A.; Franciosini, E.; Randich, S.; Smiljanic, R.; Korn, A. J.; Gilmore, G.; Alfaro, E. J.; Baratella, M.; Bayo, A.; Bensby, T.; Bonito, R.; Carraro, G. Delgado Mena, E.; Feltzing, S.; Gonneau, A.; Heiter, U.; Hourihane, A.; Jiménez Esteban, F.; Jofre, P.; Masseron, T.; Monaco, L.; Morbidelli, L.; Prisinzano, L.; Roccatagliata, V.; Sousa, S.; Van der Swaelmen, M.; Worley, C. C.; Zaggia, S., Context. Previous studies of open clusters have shown that lithium depletion is not only strongly age dependent but also shows a complex pattern with other parameters that is not yet understood. For pre- and main-sequence late-type stars, these parameters include metallicity, mixing mechanisms, convection structure, rotation, and magnetic activity. Aims. We perform a thorough membership analysis for a large number of stars observed within the Gaia-ESO survey (GES) in the field of 20 open clusters, ranging in age from young clusters and associations, to intermediate-age and old open clusters. Methods. Based on the parameters derived from the GES spectroscopic observations, we obtained lists of candidate members for each of the clusters in the sample by deriving radial velocity distributions and studying the position of the kinematic selections in the EW(Li)-versus-Teff plane to obtain lithium members. We used gravity indicators to discard field contaminants and studied [Fe/H] metallicity to further confirm the membership of the candidates. We also made use of studies using recent data from the Gaia DR1 and DR2 releases to assess our member selections. Results. We identified likely member candidates for the sample of 20 clusters observed in GES (iDR4) with UVES and GIRAFFE, and conducted a comparative study that allowed us to characterize the properties of these members as well as identify field contaminant stars, both lithium-rich giants and non-giant outliers. Conclusions. This work is the first step towards the calibration of the lithium-age relation and its dependence on other GES parameters. During this project we aim to use this relation to infer the ages of GES field stars, and identify their potential membership to young associations and stellar kinematic groups of different ages. © ESO 2020., Financial support was provided by the Universidad Complutense de Madrid and by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) from project AYA2016-79425-C3-1-P. We acknowledge the support from INAF and Ministero dell' Istruzione, dell' Universita' e della Ricerca (MIUR) in the form of the grant "Premiale VLT 2012". T.B. was funded by the project grant "The New Milky Way" from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation. J.I.G.H. acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MICIU) under the 2003 Ramon y Cajal program RYC-2013-14875, and also from the Spanish Ministry project MICIU AYA2017-86389-P. E.M. acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion through fellowship FPU15/01476. A.G. acknowledges support from the European Union FP7 programme from the UK space agency. U.H. acknowledges support from the Swedish National Space Agency (SNSA/Rymdstyrelsen). F.J.E. acknowledges financial support from the Spanish MINECO/FEDER through the grant AyA2017-84089. S.G.S acknowledges the support of Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT) through national funds and research grant (project ref. UID/FIS/04434/2013, and PTDC/FIS-AST/7073/2014). S.G.S also acknowledges the support from FCT through Investigador FCT contract of reference IF/00028/2014 and POPH/FSE (EC) by FEDER funding through the program "Programa Operacional de Factores de Competitividad" - COMPETE MT also acknowledges support from the FCT - Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia through national funds (PTDC/FIS-AST/28953/2017) and by FEDER -Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional through COMPETE2020 - Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalizacao (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028953). TM acknowledges support from the State Research Agency (AEI) of the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MCIU) and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) under grant AYA2017-88254-P Based on data products from observations made with ESO Telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory under programme focusID 188.B-3002. These data products have been processed by the Cambridge Astronomy Survey Unit (CASU) at the Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, and by the FLAMES/UVES reduction team at INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri. These data have been obtained from the GES Data Archive, prepared and hosted by theWide Field Astronomy Unit, Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, which is funded by the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council. This work was partly supported by the European Union FP7 programme through ERC grant number 320360 and by the Leverhulme Trust through grant RPG-2012-541. The results presented here benefit from discussions held during GES workshops and conferences supported by the ESF (European Science Foundation) through the GREAT Research Network Programme. This work was also supported by Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT) through the research grants UID/FIS/04434/2019, UIDB/04434/2020 and UIDP/04434/2020. This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium).Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. This publication makes use of the VizieR database (Ochsenbein et al. 2000) and the SIMBAD database (Wenger et al. 2000), both operated at CDS, Centre de Donnees astronomiques de Strasbourg, France. This research also made use of the WEBDA database, operated at the Department of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics of the Masaryk University, and the interactive graphical viewer and editor for tabular data TOPCAT (Taylor 2005). For the analysis of the distributions of RV and metallicity we used RStudio Team (2015). Integrated Development for R. RStudio, Inc., Boston, MA (http://www.rstudio.com/).Finally, we would like to thank the anonymous referee for helpful comments and suggestions.

We take advantage of the capability of the OTELO survey to obtain the H$��$ luminosity function (LF) at ${\rm z}\sim0.40$. Because of the deepest coverage of OTELO, we are able to determine the faint end of the LF, and thus better constrain the star formation rate and the number of galaxies at low luminosities. The AGN contribution to this LF is estimated as well. We make use of the multi-wavelength catalogue of objects in the field compiled by the OTELO survey, which is unique in terms of minimum flux and equivalent width. We also take advantage of the pseudo-spectra built for each source, which allow the identification of emission lines and the discrimination of different types of objects. The H$��$ luminosity function at $z\sim0.40$ is obtained, which extends the current faint end by almost 1 dex, reaching minimal luminosities of $\log_{10}L_{\rm lim}=38.5$ erg s$^{-1}$ (or $\sim0.002\, \text{M}_\odot\text{ yr}^{-1})$. The AGN contribution to the total H$��$ luminosity is estimated. We find that no AGN should be expected below a luminosity of $\log_{10}L=38.6$ erg s$^{-1}$. From the sample of non-AGN (presumably, pure SFG) at $z\sim0.40$ we estimated a star formation rate density of $��_{\rm SFR}=0.012\pm0.005\ {\rm \text{M}_{\odot}\ yr^{-1}\ Mpc^{-3}}$., 8 pages, 5 figures. Published in Astronomy \& Astrophysics

http://www.iac.es/proyecto/otelo Aims. We take advantage of the capability of the OTELO survey to obtain the Hα luminosity function (LF) at z ∼ 0.40. Because of the deepest coverage of OTELO, we are able to determine the faint end of the LF, and thus better constrain the star formation rate and the number of galaxies at low luminosities. The AGN contribution to this LF is estimated as well. Methods. We make use of the multiwavelength catalogue of objects in the field compiled by the OTELO survey, which is unique in terms of minimum flux and equivalent width. We also take advantage of the pseudo-spectra built for each source, which allow the identification of emission lines and the discrimination of different types of objects. Results. The Hα luminosity function at z ∼ 0.40 is obtained, which extends the current faint end by almost 1 dex, reaching minimal luminosities of log10Llim = 38.5 erg s−1 (or ∼0.002 M⊙ yr−1). The AGN contribution to the total Hα luminosity is estimated. We find that no AGN should be expected below a luminosity of log10L = 38.6 erg s−1. From the sample of non-AGN (presumably, pure SFG) at z ∼ 0.40 we estimated a star formation rate density of ρSFR = 0.012 ± 0.005 M⊙ yr−1 Mpc−3. This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) under the grants AYA2013- 46724- P, AYA2014 58861-C3-1- P, AYA2014-58861-C3-2-P, AYA2014-58861-C3-3- P, AYA2016 -75808-R, AYA2016-75931-C2-2-P, AYA2017-88007-C3-1-P, and AYA2017 -88007-C3-2- P. Based on observations made with the Gran Telescopio Canarias installed in the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, in the island of La Palma. The authors thanks the anonymous referee for her/his feedback and suggestions; With funding from the Spanish government through the "María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence" accreditation (MDM-2017-0737). Peer review

We analyse the geometry of the Pipe Nebula, drawn by the distribution (Q spatial parameter) and hierarchy (Λ spatial segregation) of column density peaks previously detected and catalogued. By analysing the mass and volume density of the cores, we determine that both variables show spatial segregation with a high degree of substructure. In view of the early evolutionary state of the Pipe Nebula, our results suggest that segregation both by mass and by volume density may be primordial, in the sense of appearing early in the chain of physical processes that lead to cluster formation. We propose that volume density, and not mass, is the parameter that most clearly determines the initial spatial distribution of pre-stellar cores.© 2018 The Author(s)., This work has been partially funded by the Spanish MINECO project AYA2016-75931-C2-1-P. CRZ acknowledges support from the research programme UNAM-DGAPA-PAPIIT IN108117, Mexico

The main objective of this study is the characterization of the velocity field in the Cygnus OB1 association using the radial velocity data currently available in the literature. This association is part of a larger star-forming complex located in the direction of the Cygnus region, but whose main subsystems may be distributed at different distances from the sun. We have collected radial velocity data for more than 300 stars in the area of 5 × 5 deg2 centred on the Cygnus OB1 association. We present the results of a kinematic clustering analysis in the subspace of the phase space formed by angular coordinates and radial velocity using two independent methodologies. We have found evidence of structure in the phase space with the detection of two main groups, corresponding to different radial velocity and distance values, belonging to the association, and associated with two main shells defined by the Hα emission. A third grouping well separated from the other two in velocity appears to occupy the whole region associated with what has been called ‘common shell’.© 2016 The Authors., This work is financed by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, through grant AYA2013-40611-P. This work makes use of EURO-VO software, tools or services. The EURO-VO has been funded by the European Commission through contracts RI031675 (DCA) and 011892 (VO-TECH) under the Sixth Framework Program and contracts 212104 (AIDA), 261541 (VOICE), 312559 (CoSADIE) under the Seventh Framework Program.

The evolution of galaxies through cosmic time is studied observationally by means of extragalactic surveys. The OTELO survey aims to provide the deepest narrow-band survey to date in terms of minimum detectable flux and emission line equivalent width in order to detect the faintest extragalactic emission line systems. In this way, OTELO data will complements other broad-band, narrow-band, and spectroscopic surveys. The red tunable filter of the OSIRIS instrument on the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC) is used to scan a spectral window centred at $9175 \AA$, which is free from strong sky emission lines, with a sampling interval of $6 \AA$ and a bandwidth of $12 \AA$ in the most deeply explored Extended Groth Strip region. Careful data reduction using improved techniques for sky ring subtraction, accurate astrometry, photometric calibration, and source extraction enables us to compile the OTELO catalogue. This catalogue is complemented with ancillary data ranging from deep X-ray to far-infrared, including high resolution HST images, which allow us to segregate the different types of targets, derive precise photometric redshifts, and obtain the morphological classification of the extragalactic objects detected. The OTELO multi-wavelength catalogue contains 11237 entries and is 50\% complete at AB magnitude 26.38. Of these sources, 6600 have photometric redshifts with an uncertainty $z_{phot}$ better than $0.2 (1+z_{phot})$. A total of 4336 of these sources correspond to preliminary emission line candidates, which are complemented by 81 candidate stars and 483 sources that qualify as absorption line systems. The OTELO survey products were released to the public on 2019., Comment: v1: 29 pages, 29 figures. Published in Astronomy \& Astrophysics. v2: author's affiliation and final statement in Abstract updated

The combination of precise radial velocities from multi-object spectroscopy and highly accurate proper motions from Gaia DR2 opens up the possibility for detailed 3D kinematic studies of young star-forming regions and clusters. Here, we perform such an analysis by combining Gaia-ESO Survey spectroscopy with Gaia astrometry for ∼900 members of the Lagoon Nebula cluster, NGC 6530. We measure the 3D velocity dispersion of the region to be 5.35+0.39 -0.34 km s, which is large enough to suggest the region is gravitationally unbound. The velocity ellipsoid is anisotropic, implying that the region is not sufficiently dynamically evolved to achieve isotropy, though the central part of NGC 6530 does exhibit velocity isotropy that suggests sufficient mixing has occurred in this denser part. We find strong evidence that the stellar population is expanding, though this is preferentially occurring in the declination direction and there is very little evidence for expansion in the right ascension direction. This argues against a simple radial expansion pattern, as predicted by models of residual gas expulsion. We discuss these findings in the context of cluster formation, evolution, and disruption theories.© 2019 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society., NJW acknowledges an STFC Ernest Rutherford Fellowship (grant number ST/M005569/1). RJP acknowledges support from the Royal Society in the form of a Dorothy Hodgkin Fellowship. AB acknowledges support from ICM (Iniciativa Cientifica Milenio) via the Nucleo Milenio de Formacion Planetaria. EJA acknowledges support from the Spanish Government Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades though grant AYA2016-75 931-C2-1 and from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the 'Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa' award for the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (SEV-2017-0709).

This article has an erratum: A&A 639: C1 (2020), Context. Multiplicity in massive stars is key to understanding the chemical and dynamical evolution of galaxies. Among massive stars, those of O type play a crucial role due to their high masses and short lifetimes. Aims: MONOS (Multiplicity Of Northern O-type Spectroscopic systems) is a project designed to collect information and study O-type spectroscopic binaries with ¿ > -20°. In this first paper we describe the sample and provide spectral classifications and additional information for objects with previous spectroscopic and/or eclipsing binary orbits. In future papers we will test the validity of previous solutions and calculate new spectroscopic orbits. Methods: The spectra in this paper have two sources: the Galactic O-Star Spectroscopic Survey (GOSSS), a project that obtains blue-violet R ¿ 2500 spectroscopy of thousands of massive stars, and LiLiMaRlin, a library of libraries of high-resolution spectroscopy of massive stars obtained from four different surveys (CAFÉ-BEANS, OWN, IACOB, and NoMaDS) and additional data from our own observing programs and public archives. We have also used lucky images obtained with AstraLux. Results: We present homogeneous spectral classifications for 92 O-type spectroscopic multiple systems and ten optical companions, many of them original. We discuss the visual multiplicity of each system with the support of AstraLux images and additional sources. For eleven O-type objects and for six B-type objects we present their first GOSSS spectral classifications. For two known eclipsing binaries we detect double absorption lines (SB2) or a single moving line (SB1) for the first time, to which we add a third system reported by us recently. For two previous SB1 systems we detect their SB2 nature for the first time and give their first separate spectral classifications, something we have also done for a third object just recently identified as a SB2. We also detect nine new astrometric companions and provide updated information on several others. We emphasize the results for two stars: for ¿ Ori AaAbB we provide spectral classifications for the three components with a single observation for the first time thanks to a lucky spectroscopy observation obtained close to the Aa,Ab periastron and for ¿1 Ori CaCb we add it to the class of Galactic Of?p stars, raising the number of its members to six. Our sample of O-type spectroscopic binaries contains more triple- or higher-order systems than double systems.© ESO 2019., Several authors acknowledge support from the Spanish Government Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades through different grants: AYA2016-75931-C2-1/2-P (J.M.A., E.T.P., A.S., and E.J.A.), AYA2015-68 012-C2-1/2-P (E.T.P., I.N., S.S.-D., J.L., and A.M.), AYA2016-79 425-C3-2-P (J.A.C.), and SEV2015-0548 (S.S.-D.). R.H.B. acknowledges support from the ESAC Faculty Council Visitor Program. R.H.B. and J.I.A. were also supported by the Direccion de Investigacion y Desarrollo de la Universidad de La Serena through projects PR18 143 and PR16 142, respectively. S.S.-D. acknowledges support from the Gobierno de Canarias grant ProID2017010115.

We report results of proper motions of 15 known Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) old globular clusters (GCs) derived from the Gala DR2 data sets. When these mean proper motions are gathered with existent radial velocity measurements to compose the GCs' velocity vectors, we found that the projection of the velocity vectors on to the LMC plane and those perpendicular to it tells us about two distinct kinematic GC populations, Such a distinction becomes clear if the GCs are split at a perpendicular velocity of 10 km s(-1) (absolute value), The two differ eta kinematic groups also exhibit different spatial distributions, Those with smaller vertical velocities are a part of the LMC disc, while those with larger values are closely distributed like a spherical component. Since GCs in both kinematic-structural components share similar ages and metallicities, we speculate with the possibility that their origins could have occurred through a fast collapse that formed halo and disc concurrently.© 2019 The Author(s).Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society, We thank the referee for the thorough reading of the manuscript and timely suggestions to improve it. We thank Eugene Vasiliev for his valuable comments on a draft version of this work. EJA acknowledges financial support from MINECO (Spain) through grant AYA2016-75931-C2-1-P. This work has used data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium).Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement.

Context. In very young clusters, stellar age distribution is empirical proof of the duration of star cluster formation and thus it gives indications of the physical mechanisms involved in the star formation process. Determining the amount of interstellar extinction and the correct reddening law are crucial steps to derive fundamental stellar parameters and in particular accurate ages from the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. Aims. In this context, we seek to derive accurate stellar ages for NGC 6530, the young cluster associated with the Lagoon Nebula to infer the star formation history of this region. Methods. We used the Gaia-ESO survey observations of the Lagoon Nebula, together with photometric literature data and Gaia DR2 kinematics, to derive cluster membership and fundamental stellar parameters. Using spectroscopic effective temperatures, we analysed the reddening properties of all objects and derived accurate stellar ages for cluster members. Results. We identified 652 confirmed and 9 probable members. The reddening inferred for members and non-members allows us to distinguish foreground objects, mainly main-sequence stars, and background objects, mainly giants, and to trace the three-dimensional structure of the nebula. This classification is in agreement with the distances inferred from Gaia DR2 parallaxes for these objects. Finally, we derive stellar ages for 382 confirmed cluster members for which we obtained the individual reddening values. In addition, we find that the gravity-sensitive γ index distribution for the M-type stars is correlated with stellar age. Conclusions. For all members with Teff < 5500 K, the mean logarithmic age is 5.84 (units of years) with a dispersion of 0.36 dex. The age distribution of stars with accretion or discs, i.e. classical T Tauri stars with excess (CTTSe), is similar to that of stars without accretion and without discs, i.e. weak T Tauri stars with photospheric emission (WTTSp). We interpret this dispersion as evidence of a real age spread since the total uncertainties on age determinations, derived from Monte Carlo simulations, are significantly smaller than the observed spread. This conclusion is supported by evidence of the decrease of the gravity-sensitive γ index as a function of stellar ages. The presence of a small age spread is also supported by the spatial distribution and kinematics of old and young members. In particular, members with accretion or discs, formed in the last 1 Myr, show evidence of subclustering around the cluster centre, in the Hourglass Nebula and in the M8-E region, suggesting a possible triggering of star formation events by the O-type star ionization fronts.© ESO 2019., The authors acknowledge support through the PRIN INAF 2014 funding scheme of the National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF) of the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (>The Gaia-ESO Survey>, P.I.: S. Randich). This work was partly supported by the European Union FP7 programme through ERC grant number 320360 and by the Leverhulme Trust through grant RPG-2012-541.

This paper describes the characterization of the GALANTE photometric system, a seven intermediate-and narrow-band filter system with a wavelength coverage from 3000 Å to 9000 Å. We describe the photometric system presenting the full sensitivity curve as a product of the filter sensitivity, CCD, telescope mirror, and atmospheric transmission curves, as well as some first-and second-order moments of this sensitivity function. The GALANTE photometric system is composed of four filters from the J-PLUS photometric system, a twelve broad-to-narrow filter system, and three exclusive filters, specifically designed to measure the physical parameters of stars such as effective temperature T, log (g), metallicity, colour excess E(4405-5495), and extinction type R. Two libraries, the Next Generation Spectral Library (NGSL) and the one presented in Maíz Apellániz & Weiler (2018), have been used to determine the transformation equations between the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) ugriz photometry and the GALANTE photometric system. We will use this transformation to calibrate the zero-points of GALANTE images. To this end, a preliminary photometric calibration of GALANTE has been made based on two different griz libraries (SDSS DR12 and ATLAS All-Sky Stellar Reference Catalog, hereinafter RefCat2). A comparison between both zero-points is performed leading us to the choice of RefCat2 as the base catalogue for this calibration, and applied to a field in the Cyg OB2 association.© 2019 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society., AL-G, EJA, and JMA acknowledge support from the Spanish Government Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades though grants AYA2013-40 611-P and AYA2016-75 931-C2-1/2-P. A.L.-G and EJA also acknowledge support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the 'Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa' award for the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (SEV-2017-0709).

We present the photometric calibration of the 12 optical passbands observed by the Javalambre Photometric Local Universe Survey (J-PLUS). Methods. The proposed calibration method has four steps: (i) definition of a high-quality set of calibration stars using Gaia information and available 3D dust maps; (ii) anchoring of the J-PLUS gri passbands to the Pan-STARRS photometric solution, accounting for the variation in the calibration with the position of the sources on the CCD; (iii) homogenization of the photometry in the other nine J-PLUS filters using the dust de-reddened instrumental stellar locus in (chi - r) versus (g-i) colours, where chi is the filter to calibrate. The zero point variation along the CCD in these filters was estimated with the distance to the stellar locus. Finally, (iv) the absolute colour calibration was obtained with the white dwarf locus. We performed a joint Bayesian modelling of 11 J-PLUS colour-colour diagrams using the theoretical white dwarf locus as reference. This provides the needed o ffsets to transform instrumental magnitudes to calibrated magnitudes outside the atmosphere. Results. The uncertainty of the J-PLUS photometric calibration, estimated from duplicated objects observed in adjacent pointings and accounting for the absolute colour and flux calibration errors, are similar to 19 mmag in u, J0378, and J0395; similar to 11 mmag in J0410 and J0430; and similar to 8 mmag in g, J0515, r, J0660, i, J0861, and z. Conclusions. We present an optimized calibration method for the large-area multi-filter J-PLUS project, reaching 1-2% accuracy within an area of 1022 square degrees without the need for long observing calibration campaigns or constant atmospheric monitoring. The proposed method will be adapted for the photometric calibration of J-PAS, that will observe several thousand square degrees with 56 narrow optical filters.© ESO 2019, We dedicate this paper to the memory of our six IAC colleagues and friends who met with a fatal accident in Piedra de los Cochinos, Tenerife, in February 2007, with special thanks to Maurizio Panniello, whose teachings of python were so important for this paper. We thank the anonymous referee for useful comments and suggestions. Based on observations made with the JAST/T80 telescope at the Observatorio Astrofisico de Javalambre (OAJ), in Teruel, owned, managed, and operated by the Centro de Estudios de Fisica del Cosmos de Aragon. We acknowledge the OAJ Data Processing and Archiving Unit (UPAD) for reducing and calibrating the OAJ data used in this work. Funding for the J-PLUS Project has been provided by the Governments of Spain and Aragon through the Fondo de Inversiones de Teruel; the Aragon Government through the Reseach Groups E96, E103, and E16_17R; the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE) with grants PGC2018-097585-B-C21 and PGC2018-097585-B-C22; the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) under AYA2015-66211-C2-1-P, AYA2015-66211-C2-2, AYA2012-30789, and ICTS-2009-14; and European FEDER funding (FCDD10-4E-867, FCDD13-4E-2685). This work was also supported by the MINECO through grant ESP2016-80079-C2-1-R and RTI2018-095076-B-C21 (MINECO/FEDER, UE) and MDM-2014-0369 of ICCUB (Unidad de Excelencia "Maria de Maeztu"). F. J. E. acknowledges financial support from the Tec2Space-CM project (P2018/NMT-4291). Funding for the SDSS and SDSS-II has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Japanese Monbukagakusho, the Max Planck Society, and the Higher Education Funding Council for England. The SDSS Web Site is www.sdss.org.The SDSS is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium for the Participating Institutions. The Participating Institutions are the American Museum of Natural History, Astrophysical Institute Potsdam, University of Basel, University of Cambridge, CaseWestern Reserve University, University of Chicago, Drexel University, Fermilab, the Institute for Advanced Study, the Japan Participation Group, Johns Hopkins University, the Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, the Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, the Korean Scientist Group, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMOST), Los Alamos National Laboratory, the Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy (MPIA), the Max-Planck-Institute for Astrophysics (MPA), New Mexico State University, the Ohio State University, University of Pittsburgh, University of Portsmouth, Princeton University, the United States Naval Observatory, and the University of Washington. The Pan-STARRS1 Surveys (PS1) and the PS1 public science archive have been made possible through contributions by the Institute for Astronomy, the University of Hawaii, the Pan-STARRS Project O ffice, the Max-Planck Society and its participating institutes, the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg, and the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, The Johns Hopkins University, Durham University, the University of Edinburgh, the Queen's University Belfast, the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network Incorporated, the National Central University of Taiwan, the Space Telescope Science Institute, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Grant No. NNX08AR22G issued through the Planetary Science Division of the NASA Science Mission Directorate, the National Science Foundation Grant No. AST-1238877, the University of Maryland, Eotvos Lorand University (ELTE), the Los Alamos National Laboratory, and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium).Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. This research made use of Astropy, a community-developed core Python package for Astronomy (Astropy Collaboration 2013), and Matplotlib, a 2D graphics package used for Python for publication-quality image generation across user interfaces and operating systems (Hunter 2007).

We take advantage of the capabilities of the OTELO survey to select and study the AGN population in the field. We performed an analysis of the properties of these objects, including their demography, morphology, and IR luminosity. Focusing on the population of H$\alpha$ emitters at $z \sim 0.4$, we also aim to study the environments of AGN and non-AGN galaxies at that redshift. We make use of the multiwavelength catalog of objects in the field compiled by the OTELO survey, unique in terms of minimum line flux and equivalent width. The OTELO pseudo-spectra allow the identification of emission lines and the spectral classification of the sources. We obtained a sample of 72 AGNs in the field of OTELO, selected with four different methods in the optical, X-rays, and mid-infrared bands. We find that using X-rays is the most efficient way to select AGNs. An analysis was performed on the AGN population of OTELO in order to characterize its members. At $z \sim 0.4$, we find that up to 26\% of our H$\alpha$ emitters are AGNs. At that redshift, AGNs are found in identical environments to non-AGNs, although they represent the most clustered group when compared to passive and star-forming galaxies. The majority of our AGNs at any redshift were classified as late-type galaxies, including a 16\% proportion of irregulars. Another 16\% of AGNs show signs of interactions or mergers. Regarding the infrared luminosity, we are able to recover all the luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs) in the field of OTELO up to $z\sim 1.6$. We find that the proportion of LIRGs and ultra-luminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) is higher among the AGN population, and that ULIRGs show a higher fraction of AGNs than LIRGs., Comment: 31 pages, 32 figures. Published in Astronomy \& Astrophysics

We present a comparative study of the physical properties and the spatial distribution of column density peaks in two giant molecular clouds (GMCs), the Pipe Nebula and Orion A, which exemplify opposite cases of star cluster formation stages. The density peaks were extracted from dust extinction maps constructed from Herschel/SPIRE far-infrared images. We compare the distribution functions for dust temperature, mass, equivalent radius, and mean volume density of peaks in both clouds, and made a more fair comparison by isolating the less active Tail region in Orion A and by convolving the Pipe Nebula map to simulate placing it at a distance similar to that of the Orion Complex. The peak mass distributions for Orion A, the Tail, and the convolved Pipe have similar ranges, sharing a maximum near 5 M and a similar power-law drop above 10 M. Despite the clearly distinct evolutive stage of the clouds, there are very important similarities in the physical and spatial distribution properties of the column density peaks, pointing to a scenario where they form as a result of uniform fragmentation of filamentary structures across the various scales of the cloud, with density being the parameter leading the fragmentation, and with clustering being a direct result of thermal fragmentation at different spatial scales. Our work strongly supports the idea that the formation of clusters in GMC could be the result of the primordial organization of pre-stellar material.© 2019 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society., CGRZ and AP acknowledge support from Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica, Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, projects IN108117 and IN113119, respectively. EJA acknowledges support from the Spanish Government Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades through grant AYA2016-75 931-C2-1 and from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the ‘Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa’ award for the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (SEV-2017-0709).

One of the fundamental goals of modern astrophysics is to estimate the physical parameters of galaxies. We present a hierarchical Bayesian model to compute age maps from images in the H ¿ line (taken with Taurus tunable filter, TTF), ultraviolet band (GALEX far UV, FUV), and infrared bands (Spitzer 24, 70, and 160 ¿m). We present the burst ages for young stellar populations in a sample of nearby and nearly face-on galaxies. The H ¿ to FUV flux ratio is a good relative indicator of the very recent star formation history (SFH). As a nascent star-forming region evolves, the H ¿ line emission declines earlier than the UV continuum, leading to a decrease in the H ¿/FUV ratio. Using star-forming galaxy models, sampled with a probabilistic formalism, and allowing for a variable fraction of ionizing photons in the clusters, we obtain the corresponding theoretical ratio H ¿/FUV to compare with our observed flux ratios, and thus to estimate the ages of the observed regions. We take into account the mean uncertainties and the interrelationships between parameters when computing H ¿/FUV. We propose a Bayesian hierarchical model where a joint probability distribution is defined to determine the parameters (age, metallicity, IMF) from the observed data (the observed flux ratios H ¿/FUV). The joint distribution of the parameters is described through independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) random variables generated through MCMC (Markov Chain Monte Carlo) techniques., We acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through grants AYA2017-88007-C3-1-P, AYA2016-75931-C2-1-P, AYA2015-68012-C2-1, AYA2014-57490-P, AYA2014-58861-C3-1-P, AYA2016-77846-P, AYA2013-40611-P, and from the Consejeria de Educacion y Ciencia (Junta de Andalucia) through TIC-101, TIC-4075 and TIC-114.

We present a new geometrical method aimed at determining the members of open clusters. The methodology estimates, in an N-dimensional space, the membership probabilities by means of the distances between every star and the cluster central overdensity. It can handle different sets of variables, which have to satisfy the simple condition of being more densely distributed for the cluster members than for the field stars (as positions, proper motions, radial velocities and/or parallaxes are). Unlike other existing techniques, this fact makes the method more flexible and so can be easily applied to different data sets. To quantify how the method identifies the cluster members, we design series of realistic simulations recreating sky regions in both position and proper motion subspaces populated by clusters and field stars. The results, using different simulated data sets (N = 1, 2 and 4 variables), show that the method properly recovers a very high fraction of simulated clustermembers, with a low number of misclassified stars. To compare the goodness of our methodology, we also run other existing algorithms on the same simulated data. The results show that our method has a similar or even better performance than the other techniques. We study the robustness of the new methodology from different subsamplings of the initial sample, showing a progressive deterioration of the capability of our method as the fraction of missing objects increases. Finally, we apply all the methodologies to the real cluster NGC 2682, indicating that our methodology is again in good agreement with preceding studies., We acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministry for Economy and Competitiveness and FEDER funds through grant AYA2013-40611-P.

There is a typographical error in the first paragraph of Sect. 5.3: the formula “[O III]⊥4959/[O III]⊥4959 → 0.3” should read “[O III]⊥4959/[O III]⊥5007 → 0.3”.

Aims. We aim at constraining the stellar population properties of quiescent galaxies. These properties reveal how these galaxies evolved and assembled since z similar to 1 up to the present time. Methods. Combining the ALHAMBRA multi-filter photo-spectra with the fitting code for spectral energy distribution MUFFIT (MUlti-Filter FITting), we built a complete catalogue of quiescent galaxies via the dust-corrected stellar mass vs. colour diagram. This catalogue includes stellar population properties, such as age, metallicity, extinction, stellar mass, and photometric redshift, retrieved from the analysis of composited populations based on two independent sets of simple stellar population (SSP) models. We developed and applied a novel methodology to provide, for the first time, the analytic probability distribution functions (PDFs) of mass-weighted age, metallicity, and extinction of quiescent galaxies as a function of redshift and stellar mass. We adopted different star formation histories to discard potential systematics in the analysis. Results. The number density of quiescent galaxies is found to increase since z similar to 1, with a more substantial variation at lower stellar mass. Quiescent galaxies feature extinction AV < 0.6, with median values in the range A(V) = 0.15-0.3. At increasing stellar mass, quiescent galaxies are older and more metal rich since z similar to 1. A detailed analysis of the PDFs reveals that the evolution of quiescent galaxies is not compatible with passive evolution and a slight decrease of 0.1-0.2 dex is hinted at median metallicity. The intrinsic dispersion of the age and metallicity PDFs show a dependence on stellar mass and/or redshift. These results are consistent with both sets of SSP models and assumptions of alternative star formation histories explored. Consequently, the quiescent population must undergo an evolutive pathway including mergers and/or remnants of star formation to reconcile the observed trends, where the >progenitor> bias should also be taken into account. © ESO 2019, This work has been partly supported by the Programa Nacional de Astronomia y Astrofisica of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO, grants AYA2012-30789 and AYA2015-66211-C2-1-P), by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan (grant MOST 106-2628-M-001-003-MY3), by the Academia Sinica (grant AS-IA-107-M01), and by the Government of Aragon (Research Group E103). L.A.D.G. also thanks the support of I.F. for o ffering the opportunity to develop part of this research at the Mullard Space Science Laboratory (MSSL). We also acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministry for Economy and Competitiveness and FEDER funds through grants AYA201015081, AYA2010-15169, AYA2010-22111-C03-01, AYA2010-22111-C03-02, AYA2011-29517-C03-01, AYA2012-39620, AYA2013-40611-P, AYA201342227-P, AYA2013-43188-P, AYA2013-48623-C2-1, AYA2013-48623-C2-2, ESP2013-48274, AYA2014-57490-P, AYA2014-58861-C3-1, AYA2016-76682-C3-1-P, AYA2016-77846-P, AYA2016-81065-C2-1, AYA2016-81065-C2-2, Generalitat Valenciana projects Prometeo 2009/064, and PROMETEOII/2014/060, Junta de Andalucia grants TIC114, JA2828, P10-FQM-6444, and Generalitat de Catalunya project SGR-1398. The authors acknowledge Y. Peng and A. Citro for sharing their stellar population numerical results. Throughout this research, we made use of the Matplotlib package (Hunter 2007), a 2D graphics package used for Python that is designed for interactive scripting and quality image generation. This paper is dedicated to Marian Leon Canalejo for being there when L.A.D.G. needed her most and for her patience and continuous encouragement while finishing his Ph.D.

Investigating the chemical homogeneity of stars born from the same molecular cloud at virtually the same time is very important for our understanding of the chemical enrichment of the interstellar medium and with it the chemical evolution of the Galaxy. One major cause of inhomogeneities in the abundances of open clusters is stellar evolution of the cluster members. In this work, we investigate variations in the surface chemical composition of member stars of the old open clusterM67 as a possible consequence of atomic diffusion effects taking place during the main-sequence phase. The abundances used are obtained from high-resolution UVES/FLAMES spectra within the framework of the Gaia-ESO Survey. We find that the surface abundances of stars on the main sequence decrease with increasing mass reaching a minimum at the turn-off. After deepening of the convective envelope in subgiant branch stars, the initial surface abundances are restored.We found themeasured abundances to be consistent with the predictions of stellar evolutionary models for a cluster with the age and metallicity of M67. Our findings indicate that atomic diffusion poses a non-negligible constraint on the achievable precision of chemical tagging methods.© 2018 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society., This work was supported by Sonderforschungsbereich SFB 881 'The Milky Way System' (subproject B5) of the German Research Foundation (DFG). AB acknowledges support from the SFB 881 visitor program. CBM thanks Elisabetta Caffau for fruitful discussions and Don VandenBerg for providing the isochrones shown in Fig 1. The authors would like to thank the anonymous referee for the constructive comments that helped in improving the present work.r MTC acknowledges the financial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, through grant AYA2016-75931. AD and GT acknowledge support by the Research Council of Lithuania (MIP-082/2015). UH acknowledges support from the Swedish National Space Board (SNSB/Rymdstyrelsen). TB was supported by the project grant 'The New Milky' from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg foundation. RS acknowledges support from the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education. SGS and VA acknowledge the support by Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT) through national funds and a research grant (project ref. UID/FIS/04434/2013, and PTDC/FISAST/7073/2014). SGS also acknowledges the support from FCT through Investigador FCT contract of reference IF/00028/2014 and POPH/FSE (EC) by FEDER funding through the program 'Programa Operacional de Factores de Competitividade - COMPETE'. VA acknowledges the support from FCT through Investigador FCT contract IF/00650/2015/CP1273/CT0001. EJA acknowledges partial support from the Spanish Ministry for Economy and Competitiveness and FEDER funds through grant AYA2013-40611-P. ARC is supported through an Australian Research Council Discovery Project under grant DP160100637. CL thanks the Swiss National Science Foundation for supporting this research through the Ambizione grant number PZ00P2 168065. AK acknowledges support from the Swedish National Space Board (SNSB). XF acknowledges financial support from Premiale 2015 MITiC (PI B/Garilli). SLM acknowledges support from the Australian Research Council through grant DE140100598. AB acknowledges support from the Millennium Science Initiative (Chilean Ministry of Economy).r Based on data products from observations made with ESO Telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory under programme ID 188.B-3002. These data products have been processed by the Cambridge Astronomy Survey Unit (CASU) at the Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, and by the FLAMES/UVES reduction team at INAF/Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri. These data have been obtained from the Gaia-ESO Survey Data Archive, prepared and hosted by the Wide Field Astronomy Unit, Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, which is funded by the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council. This work was partly supported by the European Union FP7 programme through ERC grant number 320360 and by the Leverhulme Trust through grant RPG-2012-541. We acknowledge the support from INAF and Ministero dell' Istruzione, dell' Universita' e della Ricerca (MIUR) in the form of the grant 'Premiale VLT 2012', and through PRIN-INAF 2014 'The Gaia-ESO Survey'. The results presented here benefit from discussions held during the Gaia-ESO workshops and conferences supported by the ESF (European Science Foundation) through the GREAT Research Network Programme. This research has made use of the SIMBAD data base, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France and NASA's Astrophysics Data System.

Spiral arms formation is still an open problem. Even in our Galaxy, the number ofspiral arms and its origin is not well-known.It could even coexist different or several modes of formation in the same galaxy. On the one hand, we present hierarchical bayesian inference models todetermine the age in disks of nearby and nearly face-on, spiral galaxies.For a sample of 9 galaxies H\(\alpha\)data are taken with Taurus Tunable Filter,(TTF), ultraviolet band far UV or FUV from GALEX, and infrared bands at 24, 70and 160 microns from Spitzer surveys.This is, we present the burst ages for young stellar populations in a sample ofnearby and nearly face-on galaxies, proving enough spatial resolution of thegalactic disks. And H\(\alpha\) to FUV flux ratio is a good relative indicator of thevery recent star formation history (SFH).Through synthetic stellar populations model, we obtain theoretical H\(\alpha\)/FUVratios to compare with our observed flux ratios, and thus to estimate the ages ofthe observed regions.Due to the nature of the problem, it is necessary to take into account the meanuncertainties, and the interrelationships between parameters when theHalpha/FUV flux is obtained. We propose a Bayesian hierarchical model, where a joint probability distribution is defined to determine the parameters (age, metallicity, fraction of ionizing photons.), from the observeddata. The joint distribution of the parameters is described through an i.i.d.(independent and identically distributed random variables), generated throughMCMC (Markov Chain Monte Carlo) techniques. The sample associated shows a variety of morphologies, as spiral arms andrings among others.The age patterns obtained for these galaxies indicate the great diversity ofphysical mechanisms that seem to act in the modeling of the star-to-largeformation process scale.We analyze with more detail the posible origin of such structures as a function ofspatial patterns from their age maps.The comparison of the age patterns obtained with those predicted by Dobbs &Pringle (2010) for the distribution of young clusters allows us to conjecture aboutthe different physical mechanisms that excite and maintain the spiral arms. Thecasuistry is varied: trainingstellar spiral arms mainly induced by density waves (M100, M74 and M51),circumnuclear rings (M94),age gradients affecting the entire galaxy (from West to East, M63), or radial agegradient (M74), or dominated by HII regions.N1068 seems to be a good and clear example, as outcome of our results, thatN1068 seems to be a good and clear example, as outcome of our results, thatAGN interaction with gas can reach larger scales (up to 7-8 kpc from thenucleus). Finally, we address the study of the detection in Halpha of a radial corrugation inthe verticalvelocity field in disks of nearly face-on, spiral galaxies.With the aim of studying the corrugated velocity patterns in terms of the starformation processes,we describe thegeometry of the problem and establish its fundamentalrelationships.In particular, the relationship between density of the ionized gas and theamplitude of the corrugation in speed.Two large groups have been found. In one of them the velocity and gas densityshow a out of phase correlation by a distance of a few hundred pc. The anotherclass does not seem to show a well-defined pattern. These two classes showdifferent physical properties of the ionized gas defined from different diagnosticdiagrams (Sánchez-Gil et. al 2015). The origin of the corrugations is still matter of debate. Corrugations are closelylink,as cause/effect, to the large scale star formation processes: density waves, tidalinteractions, collisions of high velocity clouds with the disk, or a galactic boregenerated by the interaction of a spiral density wave with a thick gaseous disk,as modeled by [Martos & Cox 1998, Martos et al. 1999], etc.Which mechanism is the origin of disk corrugations is still an open problem.

Context. Knowing the exact shape of the ultraviolet (UV) luminosity function (LF) of high-redshift galaxies is important to understand the star formation history of the early Universe. However, the uncertainties, especially at the faint and bright ends of the LFs, remain significant. Aims. In this paper, we study the UV LF of redshift z = 2:5 4.5 galaxies in 2.38 deg of ALHAMBRA data with I ≤ 24. Thanks to the large area covered by ALHAMBRA, we particularly constrain the bright end of the LF. We also calculate the cosmic variance and the corresponding bias values for our sample and derive their host dark matter halo masses. Methods.We have used a novel methodology based on redshift and magnitude probability distribution functions (PDFs). This methodology robustly takes into account the uncertainties due to redshift and magnitude errors, shot noise, and cosmic variance, and models the LF in two dimensions (z; M). Results. We find an excess of bright ∼M∗ galaxies as compared to the studies based on broad-band photometric data. However, our results agree well with the LF of the magnitude-selected spectroscopic VVDS data. We measure high bias values, b ∼ 8 10, that are compatible with the previous measurements considering the redshifts and magnitudes of our galaxies and further reinforce the real high-redshift nature of our bright galaxies. Conclusions. We call into question the shape of the LF at its bright end; is it a double power-law as suggested by the recent broadband photometric studies or rather a brighter Schechter function, as suggested by our multi-filter analysis and the spectroscopic VVDS data.© ESO 2018., K. Viironen acknowledges the >Juan de la Cierva incorporacion> fellowship, IJCI-2014-21960, of the Spanish government. This work has mainly been funded by the FITE (Fondos de Inversiones de Teruel) and the projects AYA2015-66211-C2-1 and AYA2012-30789. We also acknowledge support from the Aragon Government Research Group E103 and support from the Spanish Ministry for Economy and Competitiveness and FEDER funds through grants AYA2010-15081, AYA2010-15169, AYA2010-22111-C03-01, AYA2010-22111-C03-02, AYA2011-29517-C03-01, AYA2012-39620, AYA2013-40611-P, AYA2013-42227-P, AYA2013-43188-P, AYA2013-48623-C2-1, AYA2013-48623-C2-2, ESP2013-48274, AYA2014-58861-C3-1, AYA2016-76682-C3-1-P, Generalitat Valenciana projects Prometeo 2009/064 and PROMETEOII/2014/060, Junta de Andalucia grants TIC114, JA2828, P10-FQM-6444, and Generalitat de Catalunya project SGR-1398. BA has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 656354. MP acknowledges financial supports from the Ethiopian Space Science and Technology Institute (ESSTI) under the Ethiopian Ministry of Science Science and Technology (MoST)

Context. Several works have found an increase of the abundances of the s-process neutron-capture elements in the youngest Galactic stellar populations. These trends provide important constraints on stellar and Galactic evolution and they need to be confirmed with large and statistically significant samples of stars spanning wide age and distance intervals. Aims. We aim to trace the abundance patterns and the time evolution of five s-process elements - two belonging to the first peak, Y and Zr, and three belonging to the second peak, Ba, La, and Ce - using the Gaia-ESO IDR5 results for open clusters and disc stars. Methods. From the UVES spectra of cluster member stars, we determined the average composition of clusters with ages >0.1 Gyr. We derived statistical ages and distances of field stars, and we separated them into thin and thick disc populations. We studied the time-evolution and dependence on metallicity of abundance ratios using open clusters and field stars whose parameters and abundances were derived in a homogeneous way. Results. Using our large and homogeneous sample of open clusters, thin and thick disc stars, spanning an age range larger than 10 Gyr, we confirm an increase towards young ages of s-process abundances in the solar neighbourhood. These trends are well defined for open clusters and stars located nearby the solar position and they may be explained by a late enrichment due to significant contribution to the production of these elements from long-living low-mass stars. At the same time, we find a strong dependence of the s-process abundance ratios on the Galactocentric distance and on the metallicity of the clusters and field stars. Conclusions. Our results, derived from the largest and most homogeneous sample of s-process abundances in the literature, confirm the growth with decreasing stellar ages of the s-process abundances in both field and open cluster stars. At the same time, taking advantage of the abundances of open clusters located in a wide Galactocentric range, these results offer a new perspective on the dependence of the s-process evolution on the metallicity and star formation history, pointing to different behaviours at various Galactocentric distances.© 2018 ESO., We are grateful to the referee for her/his comments and suggestions, which improved the quality of the paper. These data products have been processed by the Cambridge Astronomy Survey Unit (CASU) at the Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, and by the FLAMES/UVES reduction team at INAF/Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri. These data have been obtained from the Gaia-ESO Survey Data Archive, prepared and hosted by the Wide Field Astronomy Unit, Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, which is funded by the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council. This work was partly supported by the European Union FP7 programme through ERC grant number 320360 and by the Leverhulme Trust through grant RPG-2012-541. We acknowledge the support from INAF and Ministero dell' Istruzione, dell' Universita' e della Ricerca (MIUR) in the form of the grant >Premiale VLT 2012>. The results presented here benefit from discussions held during the Gaia-ESO workshops and conferences supported by the ESF (European Science Foundation) through the GREAT Research Network Programme. F.J.E. acknowledges financial support from ASTERICS project (ID: 653477, H2020-EU.1.4.1.1. - Developing new world-class research infrastructures). S. D. acknowledges support from Comite Mixto ESO-GOBIERNO DE CHILE. AB thanks for support from the Millenium Science Initiative, Chilean Ministry of Economy. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 664931. E.D.M., V.A. and S.G.S. acknowledge the support from Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal) through the research grant through national funds and by FEDER through COMPETE2020 by grants UID/FIS/04434/2013 & POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007672, PTDC/FIS-AST/1526/2014 & POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016886 and PTDC/FIS-AST/7073/2014 & POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016880. E.D-M., V.A. and S.G.S also acknowledge support from FCT through Investigador FCT contracts nr. IF/00849/2015/CP1273/CT0003, IF/00650/2015/CP1273/CT0001 and IF/00028/2014/CP1215/CT0002. T.B. was supported by the project grant >The New Milky> from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg foundation. T.M. acknowledges support provided by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) under grant AYA-2017-88254-P. R.S. acknowledges support from the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education. E.J.A. acknowledges financial support from MINECO, Spain, and FEDER funds through grant AYA2016-75931-C2-1-P.

The typical methodology for comparing simulated galaxies with observational surveys is usually to apply a spatial selection to the simulation to mimic the region of interest covered by a comparable observational survey sample. In this work, we compare this approach with a more sophisticated post-processing in which the observational uncertainties and selection effects (photometric, surface gravity and effective temperature) are taken into account. We compare a 'solar neighbourhood analogue' region in a model MilkyWay-like galaxy simulated with RAMSES-CH with fourth release Gaia-ESO survey data. We find that a simple spatial cut alone is insufficient and that the observational uncertainties must be accounted for in the comparison. This is particularly true when the scale of uncertainty is large compared to the dynamic range of the data, e.g. in our comparison, the [Mg/Fe] distribution is affected much more than the more accurately determined [Fe/H] distribution. Despite clear differences in the underlying distributions of elemental abundances between simulation and observation, incorporating scatter to our simulation results to mimic observational uncertainty produces reasonable agreement. The quite complete nature of the Gaia-ESO survey means that the selection function has minimal impact on the distribution of observed age and metal abundances but this would become increasingly more important for surveys with narrower selection functions.© 2017 The Author(s)., This is based on data products from observations made with ESO Telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory under programme ID 188.B-3002 (the Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey). We acknowledge the insightful comments and support provided by our colleagues Stefano Pasetto, Daisuke Kawata, Rob Thacker and Dimitris Stamatellos. We would thank the anonymous referee for a very constructive report of the work presented here. BBT acknowledges the support of STFC through its PhD Studentship Programme (ST/F007701/1). We also acknowledge the generous allocation of resources from the Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe (PRACE) via the DEISA Extreme Computing Initiative (PRACE-3IP Project RI-312763 and PRACE-4IP Project 653838) and STFC's DiRAC Facility (COSMOS: Galactic Archaeology). CGF acknowledges funding from the European Research Council for the FP7 ERC starting grant project LOCALSTAR and the DiRAC Complexity system, operated by the University of Leicester IT Services, which forms part of the STFC DiRAC HPC Facility (www.dirac.ac.uk). This equipment is funded by BIS National E-Infrastructure capital grant ST/K000373/1 and STFC DiRAC Operations grant ST/K0003259/1. DiRAC is part of the National E-Infrastructure. Continued access to the University of Hull's High Performance Computing Facility ('viper'), the HPC facility at the University of Central Lancashire and the computational facilities at Saint Mary's University are likewise gratefully acknowledged. TB was funded by the project grant 'The New Milky Way' from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation. SGS acknowledges the support by Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT) (ref: UID/FIS/04434/2013 & PTDC/FIS-AST/7073/2014 & Investigador FCT contract of reference IF/00028/2014) through national funds and by FEDER through COMPETE2020 (ref: POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007672 & POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016880). UH acknowledges support from the Swedish National Space Board (SNSB/Rymdstyrelsen). The Gaia-ESO Survey data products have been processed by the Cambridge Astronomy Survey Unit (CASU) at the Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, and by the FLAMES/UVES reduction team at INAF/Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri. These data have been obtained from the Gaia-ESO Survey Data Archive, prepared and hosted by the Wide Field Astronomy Unit, Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, which is funded by the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council. This work was partly supported by the European Union FP7 programme through ERC grant number 320360 and by the Leverhulme Trust through grant RPG-2012-541. We acknowledge the support from INAF and Ministero dell' Istruzione, dell' Universita' e della Ricerca (MIUR) in the form of the grant 'Premiale VLT 2012'. The results presented here benefit from discussions held during the Gaia-ESO workshops and conferences supported by the ESF (European Science Foundation) through the GREAT Research Network Programme. MTC acknowledge the financial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, through grant AYA2013-40611-P. UH acknowledges support from the Swedish National Space Board (SNSB/Rymdstyrelsen). This work was supported by Sonderforschungsbereich SFB 881 'The Milky Way System' (subprojects A5, C9) of the German Research Foundation (DFG). This work benefited from discussions at GNASH workshop, Victoria supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY-1430152 (JINA Center for the Evolution of the Elements). ARC is supported by Australian Research Council Grant DP160100637

Context. Many massive stars have nearby companions whose presence hamper their characterization through spectroscopy. Aims: We want to obtain spatially resolved spectroscopy of close massive visual binaries to derive their spectral types. Methods: We obtained a large number of short long-slit spectroscopic exposures of five close binaries under good seeing conditions. We selected those with the best characteristics, extracted the spectra using multiple-profile fitting, and combined the results to derive spatially separated spectra. Results: We demonstrate the usefulness of Lucky Spectroscopy by presenting the spatially resolved spectra of the components of each system, in two cases with separations of only 0.''3. Those are ¿ Ori Aa+Ab (resolved in the optical for the first time) and ¿ Ori AaAb+B (first time ever resolved). We also spatially resolve 15 Mon AaAb+B, ¿ Ori AaAb+B (both previously resolved with GOSSS, the Galactic O-Star Spectroscopic Survey), and ¿ Ori AaAb+B, a system with two spectroscopic B+B binaries and a fifth visual component. The systems have in common that they are composed of an inner pair of slow rotators orbited by one or more fast rotators, a characteristic that could have consequences for the theories of massive star formation.© 2018 EDP Sciences. All rights reserved., We acknowledge support from the Spanish Government Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) through grants AYA2016-75 931-C2-1/2-P (J.M.A., A.S., E.T.P., and E.J.A), AYA2015-68 012-C2-1/2-P (S.S.-D. and E.T.P.) and AYA2016-79 425-C3-2-P (J.A.C.)

Lithium abundance in most of the warm metal-poor main sequence stars shows a constarnt plateau (A(Li) ~ 2.2 dex) and then the upper envelope of the lithium vs. metallicity distribution increases as we approach solar metallicity. Meteorites, which carry information about the chemical composition of the interstellar medium (ISM) at the solar system formation time, show a lithium abundance A(Li) ~ 3.26 dex. This pattern reflects the Li enrichment history of the ISM during the Galaxy lifetime. After the initial Li production in big bang nucleosynthesis, the sources of the enrichment include asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars, low-mass red giants, novae, type II supernovae, and Galactic cosmic rays. The total amount of enriched Li is sensitive to the relative contribution of these sources. Thus different Li enrichment histories are expected in the Galactic thick and thin disc. We investigate the main sequence stars observed with UVES in Gaia-ESO Survey iDR4 catalogue and find a Li-anticorrelation independent of [Fe/H], T, and log(g). Since in stellar evolution different α enhancements at the same metallicity do not lead to a measurable Li abundance change, the anticorrelation indicates that more Li is produced during the Galactic thin disc phase than during the Galactic thick disc phase. We also find a correlation between the abundance of Li and s-process elements Ba and Y, and they both decrease above the solar metallicity, which can be explained in the framework of the adopted Galactic chemical evolution models.© ESO 2018., This work is based on data products from observations made with ESO Telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory under programme ID 188. B-3002 and 193. B-0936. These data products have been processed by the Cambridge Astronomy Survey Unit (CASU) at the Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, and by the FLAMES/UVES reduction team at INAF/Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri. Data used her were obtained from the Gaia-ESO Survey Data Archive, prepared and hosted by the Wide Field Astronomy Unit, Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, which is funded by the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council. This work was partly supported by the European Union FP7 programme through ERC grant number 320360 and by the Leverhulme Trust through grant RPG-2012-541. We acknowledge the support from INAF and Ministero dell' Istruzione, dell' Universita' e della Ricerca (MIUR) in the form of the grant >Premiale VLT 2012>. The results presented here benefit from discussions held during the Gaia-ESO workshops and conferences supported by the ESF (European Science Foundation) through the GREAT Research Network Programme. This research has made use of the TOPCAT catalogue handling and plotting tool (Taylor 2005, 2017); of the Simbad database and the VizieR catalogue access tool, CDS, Strasbourg, France (Ochsenbein et al. 2000); and of NASA's Astrophysics Data System. X. F acknowledges helpful discussions with Nikos Prantzos and Paolo Molaro, and thanks Zhiyu Zhang for the help on MCMC calculations. E. D. M. and S. G. S. acknowledge the support from Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT) through national funds and from FEDER through COMPETE2020 by the following grants: UID/FIS/04434/2013 & POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007672, PTDC/FIS-AST/1526/2014 & POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016886, and PTDC/FIS-AST/7073/2014 & POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016880. E. D. M. and S. G. S. also acknowledge the support from FCT through Investigador FCT contracts IF/00849/2015/CP1273/CT003 and IF/00028/2014/CP1215/CT0002. C. A. acknowledges to the Spanish grant AYA2015-63588-P within the European Founds for Regional Development (FEDER). A. K. and T. B. acknowledge the project grant >The New Milky Way> from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation. R. S. acknowledges support from the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education.

Context. Determination and calibration of the ages of stars, which heavily rely on stellar evolutionary models, are very challenging, while representing a crucial aspect in many astrophysical areas. Aims. We describe the methodologies that, taking advantage of Gaia-DR1 and the Gaia-ESO Survey data, enable the comparison of observed open star cluster sequences with stellar evolutionary models. The final, long-term goal is the exploitation of open clusters as age calibrators. Methods. We perform a homogeneous analysis of eight open clusters using the Gaia-DR1 TGAS catalogue for bright members and information from the Gaia-ESO Survey for fainter stars. Cluster membership probabilities for the Gaia-ESO Survey targets are derived based on several spectroscopic tracers. The Gaia-ESO Survey also provides the cluster chemical composition. We obtain cluster parallaxes using two methods. The first one relies on the astrometric selection of a sample of bona fide members, while the other one fits the parallax distribution of a larger sample of TGAS sources. Ages and reddening values are recovered through a Bayesian analysis using the 2MASS magnitudes and three sets of standard models. Lithium depletion boundary (LDB) ages are also determined using literature observations and the same models employed for the Bayesian analysis. Results. For all but one cluster, parallaxes derived by us agree with those presented in Gaia Collaboration (2017, A&A, 601, A19), while a discrepancy is found for NGC 2516; we provide evidence supporting our own determination. Inferred cluster ages are robust against models and are generally consistent with literature values. Conclusions. The systematic parallax errors inherent in the Gaia DR1 data presently limit the precision of our results. Nevertheless, we have been able to place these eight clusters onto the same age scale for the first time, with good agreement between isochronal and LDB ages where there is overlap. Our approach appears promising and demonstrates the potential of combining Gaia and ground-based spectroscopic datasets.© ESO 2018., Based on data products from observations made with ESO Telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory under programme IDs 188.B-3002, 193.B.0936, and 197.B-1074. These data products have been processed by the Cambridge Astronomy Survey Unit (CASU) at the Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, and by the FLAMES/UVES reduction team at INAF/Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri. These data have been obtained from the Gaia-ESO Survey Data Archive, prepared and hosted by the Wide Field Astronomy Unit, Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, which is funded by the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council. This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (http://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, http://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. This research was made possible through the use of the AAVSO Photometric All-Sky Survey (APASS), funded by the Robert Martin Ayers Sciences Fundation. This research has made use of the SIMBAD and VizieR databases, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France. This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System. This work was partly supported by the European Union FP7 programme through ERC grant number 320360 and by the Leverhulme Trust through grant RPG-2012-541. We acknowledge the support from INAF and Ministero dell' Istruzione, dell' Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR) in the form of the grant >Premiale VLT 2012> and by PRIN-INAF 2014. The results presented here benefit from discussions held during the Gaia-ESO Survey workshops and conferences supported by the ESF (European Science Foundation) through the GREAT Research Network Programme. E.T., P.G.P.M. and S.D. acknowledge PRA Universita di Pisa 2016 (Stelle di piccola massa: le pietre miliari dell'archeologia galattica, PI: S. Degl'Innocenti) and INFN (Iniziativa specifica TAsP). M.T.C. acknowledge the financial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, through grant AYA2016-75931. U.H. acknowledges support from the Swedish National Space Board (SNSB/Rymdstyrelsen). P.R.F. and A.S. acknowledge useful discussions with Mario Lattanzi. We thank an anonymous referee for the very helpful and constructive comments.