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The study aimed at assessing stability the grains number from panicle to autumn oats, under the influence of climatic conditions. The study was conducted over a period of three years. The biological material consisted of 73 genotypes. The experimental data was obtained by performing biometric measurements. The experimental data was processed by various linear regression analysis modelesses: Finlay-Wilkinson, Hardwick-Wood, Muir, Wrike but also the concordance between the ranks of different models of appreciation. The values of grains number in panicle fluctuate according to the climatic conditions of the year, both as an average value and as intrapopulational variability. The Jeferson, Carie, Florina varieties, and the 4458, PA 725-4743, PA 822-818 lines exhibits a high dynamic stability associated with values above the average of the experience for the number of grains in panicle. In the case of this character, 53.10% of the genotype x environment interaction is due to heterogeneity of variances.

Hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L) is widespread and cultivated for its pungent fruits worldwide and used for fresh consumption or dry powder. The biological material was composed of six hot pepper genotypes, genetically and ecologically differentiated, used as parents and 15 hybrids of half-diallel crosses between these parents. The aim of this research was to estimate the level of heterosis and breeding potential for plant yield of 15 F1 hybrids between six hot pepper parents, in order to identify and select promising crosses for improvement programs of hot pepper. In terms of heterobeltiosis, only the crosses Cs3 x Cayenne (122.81%) and Cs3 x Cs2 (5.02%) showed a higher plant yield than the best parent, with increases between 23.6 and 513 g. For 63.5% of the crosses the inheritance of plant yield was under the control of incomplete dominance, who acts bidirectional. In the crosses: Cs3 x Ar4, Cs2 x Sigaretta bionda and Ar4 x Sigaretta bionda the incomplete dominance acts in the direction of increasing plant yield, while at crosses: Cs3 x Sigaretta bionda, Cs2 x Ico, Cayenne x Sigaretta bionda, Cayenne x Ico, Ar4 x Ico and Sigaretta bionda x Ico, this type of dominance has negative effects on plant yield. The over dominance has been associated with positive alleles in hybrids Cs3 x Cayenne and Cs3 x Cs2, and with negative alleles at Cs 2 x Cayenne, Cs 2 x Ar 4 şi Cayenne x Ar 4 crosses, respectively. In the case of the Cs3 x Ico cross, the dominance effects do not influence the inheritance of this trait. The crosses Cs3 x Ico, Cs3 x Cayenne and Sigaretta bionda x Ico presented the highest breeding potential for plant yield, representing a promising pre-breeding material for improvement of hot pepper yield.

Research was conducted during two growing seasons (2017-2018) in Miniş-Măderat vineyard. The study aimed to evaluate the variability of several red wine grape varieties in order to highlight their main qualitative and quantitative parameters. In the research were involved the morphological parameters: the number of bunches on the vine, the bunch weight, the number of berries in the bunch and the grape yield on the vine. The highest bunches number /vine registered Merlot variety (30.24), while Burgund variety recorded the lowest values (17.76). Burgund variety recorded the highest bunch average weight (119.57 g) while Pinot Noir recorded the lowest value (87.18 g).Merlot variety recorded the highest number of berries/bunch,(111.36) and the lower value was recorded by the Pinot Noir ( 82.36).The Merlot variety achieved a significantly higher production than the other varieties during both growing seasons (3600.87g). The conditions of 2018 growing season had a very significant positive influence on the grape yield/ vine.

The aim of this study was conducted to assess the combined ability, for chlorophyll content, proline content, and dehydration capacity of the leaves. In this sense was used 4 x 4 half diallel crosses of winter barley to identify the best parents and combinations of these. Combining ability analysis provides important information for selecting parents in terms of the performance of their hybrids for future use in breeding programs. For chlorophyll content, the additive gene action presented a major influence. The greatest general combining effects for proline content were achieved in the Adi and DH 260/18 varieties, the Adi variety possessing a high potential for transmitting this character to the offspring. The Andrew variety (-1.32) registered the most valuable additive effects for improving the dehydration capacity of the leaves.

This paper aimed to evaluate 50 wheat samples collected from different western Romanian locations based on microbiological, molecular, and toxicogenic assays to determine their correlation when species of the genus Fusarium were analyzed. The presence of toxins determined by biochemical ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay), the DNA analysis based on PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), and even accurate species identification using specific gene sequencing were used to evaluate the fungal early infection. Considering that in Romania the prevalence of Fusarium graminearum, and Fusarium proliferatum infections is the most important, it can be stated that the screening with primers specific to fungal species ensures a preliminary test for fungal infection identification before performing the test for mycotoxins.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the variability of a collection of paprika peppers landraces, in order to use them in the breeding process. The study lasted two years. The biological material was collected from western Romania. The behavior of landraces is not constant from year to year. Zărand landrace was the most stable. They can be recommended as genitors the landraces: Craiva for fruit length (15.11 cm), Cermei for fruit diameter (3.06 cm) and fruit weight (38.30 g), Apateu II for the number of fruits per plant (22.26 fruits), Apateu II for fruits weight per plan (491.41 g). In respect of the drying efficiency was noted the Buzad landrace (over 20%). Considering the production of the plant and the efficiency in processing, for maintaining in the culture it is recommended the Apateu II landrace which has the highest fruit production per plant, the fruits being smaller. The variability within populations allows the selection to be applied, being medium or small for the size of the fruits and large for the weight of the fruit and the weight of the fruits on the plant. The studied collection is useful for breeding programs, but must be performed molecular analyzes.

Information on the inheritance of yield and quality traits is important for the selection of parents and breeding approaches to be adopted for the improvement of strawberry. The present study aimed to estimate the combining ability and gene effects for plant yield, fruits number/plant, fruit weight, pulp firmness and sugar content of strawberries in order to identify the best genitors and promising crosses, in 30 hybrids of six parents. The additive and non-additive gene action as well as the maternal effects was involved in the inheritance of the studied traits. For all traits, especially for fruit weight and plant yield, the additive gene action was more important than the non-additive one. The parents ‘A1’ and ‘Alba’ showed a higher concentration of favourable alleles for plant yield and fruits number, and they will allow the increase of plant yield when used as a donor of pollen and the increase of fruit number when used as a recipient of pollen. The variety ‘Marmolada’ was a good general combiner for sugar content, pulp firmness and fruit weight, especially when used as a female genitor. These parents could be used in hybridization in order to accelerate the genetic improvement of some yield and quality traits in strawberries. The cross ‘Mira’ × ‘Onda’ expressed desirable specific combining ability effects for yield traits and can be successfully use in strawberries breeding programs. In the case of ‘Alba’ × ‘Clery’ there is a high probability to select progenies with valuable yield traits associated with sweet fruits.

Tilia spp. (lime trees) as ornamental trees have a privileged place in the European mythology and traditions and this is a reason of their constant presence in the urban landscape. Lime trees are in general very resistant to biotic and abiotic stress, although some sanitary problems may occur (e.g. aphids and other related organisms). Tilia spp. are considered a good bioindicator and accumulator of heavy metals. Seasonal accumulations of Pb, Ni, Cr, Mn, Cu and Fe in leaves of Tilia spp. in urban and periurban green areas of Western Romania, under different traffic conditions, were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results confirmed the direct correlation between the traffic intensity and the accumulation of Pb in leaves. By mitigating the effects of air pollution, especially in terms of heavy metals, Tilia spp. should be further promoted as urban trees.

Drought resistance of bean landraces was compared in order to select genotypes with either high morphological or high biochemical-physiological plasticity. The lines in the former group exhibited fast reduction in fresh and dry mass, decreased the water potential in primary leaves after irrigation withdrawal and the biomass mobilized from the senescent primary leaves was allocated into the roots. These genotypes had high frequency of primary leaf abscission under water stress. The genotypes with plasticity at the biochemical level maintained high water potential and photochemical efficiency, i.e. effective quantum yield, high photochemical (qP) and low non-photochemical (NPQ) quenching in primary leaves under drought stress. While superoxide dismutase activity was not influenced by the drought and the genotype, catalase activity increased significantly in the primary leaves of the genotypes with efficient biochemical adaptation. Lines with high morphological plasticity exhibited higher quaiacol peroxidase activity under drought. Proline may accumulate in both cases, thus it may be a symptom of protein degradation or a successful osmotic adaptation. On the basis of contrasting responses, the genetic material cannot be screened for a large-scale breeding program by a single physiological parameter but by a set of the methods presented in this work.

For breeding new varieties, local germoplasm can constitute a gene reservoir that is still unused. The study concerned 29 local populations collected from the counties of Timis, Arad, Bihor, which were compared with Cristalvariety. The main morphological characters, components of production capacity, concerning variability and existing correlations, were followed. 4 populations with significantly bigger fruits than the control varieties, were observed. Compared with Cristalvariety, three populations have a very significantly bigger number of fruit per plant: Satchinez, Siria, Girisu de Cris. The yield of fruit per plant is superior for many of the collection population: Satchinez ,Temeresti I, Siria, Girisude Cris, Fizis, Tomnatic and Vinga. The study indicate positive correlation between fruit weight/plant and fruits diameter and weight. However, about 80% of the fruit diameter variability is due to the influence of other characters. The correlation between fruit diameter and fruit weight/plant is not significant. Depending of the path coefficients, it was found that the number of fruit per plant shows a very tight correlation with fruit yield, and that there are considerable indirect influence on the correlation between fruit production and fruit diameter, fruit weight respectively. The established dendrogram shows that there is an obvious diversity between the populations that were collected from the same locality. Bidimensional diagram shows that Temeresti I and Fizis populations have the fruits of the highest length, diameter and weight, and Satchinez, Siria, Girisu de Cris populations have the highest number of fruits and the highest weight of fruit per plant.