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We had earlier reported that thyroxine treatment accelerates gastric ulcer healing while thyroidectomy delayed the processes of healing. Thus, this research was carried out to gain more insight about the mechanisms by which thyroxine affect ulcer healing. Male albino rats (160 – 200g) were used. They were divided into four groups viz: control, thyroidectomised, thyroidectomised with thyroxine treatment (100μg/kg/day) and Sham operated animals treated with thyroxine. After 35 days of drug treatment and surgery, ulcer was induced in stomach of animals using acetic acid method. Animals were sacrificed on days 3, 7 and 10 post ulcer induction for ulcer healing assessment. Healing was observed by measuring ulcer depth and width, lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation during healing. Result showed that by day 10, thyroxine treatment significantly decreased the ulcer width and depth by 69.3 ± 1.5% and 65.7 ± 1.4% (p< 0.01) respectively while thyroidectomy significantly reduced by (34.1 ± 0.5%) and (35.6 ± 7.5%) (p< 0.05) compared with control (40.5 ± 2.2%) and (53.9 ± 1.6%). Thyroxine treated animals had highest reduction in lipid peroxidation (57.0 ± 0.5% [p< 0.001]) and the least reduction in thyroidectomised animals (15.7 ± 1.6% [p< 0.05]) as compared with control (19.6 ± 1.6%). DNA fragmentation was low in all groups by day 3, but by day 10 the higher DNA fragmentation in thyroxine treated animal supports the rapid reduction in ulcer dimensions recorded. In conclusion, thyroxine treatment accelerated gastric ulcer healing by accelerating mucosa re-epithelization, reduction of lipid peroxidation and apoptotic mechanism.Keywords: Ulcer Healing; Thyroxine; Lipid peroxidation; Apoptosis

No Abstract

This study evaluates the effect of recombinant Mannheimia hemolytica bacterine and Lactobacillus fermentum intranasal administration on experimental pneumonic Mannheimiosis in grasscutters (Thryonomys swinderianus Temminck, 1827). This investigation involved apparently healthy adult grasscutters that were divided into groups A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H of three (3) grasscutters each with group H serving as the control. Group A (vaccinated twice with bacterin and infected), group B (vaccinated once with bacterin and infected), group C, E (vaccinated, inoculated with Lactobacillus fermentum and infected), group D (inoculated with Lactobacillus fermentum alone), group F (infected), group G (grasscutters infected and later inoculated with Lactobacillus fermentum) and lastly group H (control). The mortality pattern, pathology of the respiratory tract and nasal bacterial load were assessed using standard methods. The result showed that intranasal application of Lactobacillus fermentum and or recombinant Mannheimia haemolytica bacterine reduces the nasal bacterial load, pathology and mortality pattern associated with experimental Mannheimia haemolytica infection in the grasscutter hence they could be useful in the control of respiratory disorders in grasscutters.Keywords: grasscutter, bacterin, experimental, respiratory, infection

Pneumonia has been identified as a major disease condition limiting the swine production in West Africa; however the data on its implications to swine health has not been fully elucidated. The pattern and prevalence of pneumonia in slaughtered pigs was determined in respect to the age, sex and breed of pigs slaughtered between a periods of four months (November 2013-February 2014). Samples of the affected lungs were also taken for histopathological analysis using standard techniques. Of 2,462 pigs were slaughtered, 665 pigs were purposefully examined and 33 (5%) were found to have pneumonia. The consolidation was more to the left lung than right while the histological classification showed more of the bronchopneumonia with more peribronchiolar reactions buttressing the cranial lobe consolidation observed in all the breeds. The intact males were more affected than castrates and female while more pneumonia cases were observed in Landrace than Large White and the indigenous Ashanti Black pigs. The younger and aged animals were also more affected. Though the prevalence was more to the late raining season and early dry season, the direct financial loss was 2.5 Million cedis for every one million pig slaughtered. With the indirect financial loss due to weight loss, anorexia and cost of treatment, this loss could be enormous. Hence, there is need for an extensive investigation to identify the causal agents of pig pneumonia in Ghana using isolation and immunohistochemistry techniques in order to initiate the appropriate control strategy to curtail pig pneumonia.

This study investigated the effects of different cooking methods on heavy metals levels in fresh and smoked bush meat. Thirty-five fresh meat samples were washed thoroughly before employing the three different cooking methods (boiling, grilling and frying). Smoked meat samples obtained from central market were subjected to only boiling. Samples were protein digested and the digested solution was submitted to the Ghana Atomic Energy Commission for analysis. The Atomic Absorption Spectrometer was employed to detect the presence and concentration of heavy metal in game meats: (Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Manganese (Mn) and Zinc (Zn)). The data obtained was analyzed with a one- way analysis of variance. Results showed that different cooking methods had significant effect on heavy metals concentration with boiling increasing Fe, Pb, and Cu concentrations but reduced Zn (zinc) and Mn (manganese) concentration. Grilling increased Fe and Cu concentrations, but reduced Pb, Zn and Mn concentrations. Frying decreased Fe, Cu and Mn but increased Zn and Pb concentrations; lastly Cadmium (Cd) concentrations were within the recommended range and were not affected by any of the cooking methods. It is therefore recommended that consumers of game meat should be encouraged to subject fresh game meat to grilling which has the capacity to reduce the concentration of the most toxic heavy metal (Pb). These findings shall inform measures in consumer safety.

There is dearth of information on the haematological changes associated with Mannheimia haemolytica vaccination in goats, hence this report which describes some haematological changes observed following vaccination with intranasal Recombinant Mannheimia haemolytica vaccine in goats naturally infected with peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus. Twenty one (male, n=11; and female, n=10) goats were assigned to three vaccinated groups (A, B and D) with five goats per group (male: 3, female: 2), while the control group had 6 goats. Group A was vaccinated once intranasally, group B was vaccinated intranasally twice at one week interval and group D was vaccinated intranasally twice at two weeks interval . The control group (C) was not vaccinated. The vaccinated and control groups were challenged by comingling with pneumonic goats to simulate the field experience. PPR virus infection was later diagnosed in all the groups post vaccination. An average of four animals per treatment group in post-vaccination days were bled once weekly for six weeks (every week) to evaluate some haematological changes. The PCV values were within the normal range, while there was a decline in lymphocyte count at week 5, and a steady increase in neutrophil count in group A. In Group B, there was similar decline in lymphocyte count from the sixth week, while in groups C (Control) and D, the lymphocyte count declined at the 7th week, as the neutrophil counts increased. There were no significant changes in monocyte and eosinophil counts. The degree of changes in lymphocyte and neutrophil counts was mild in group B and marked in group D. This study revealed that intranasal vaccination of recombinant Mannheimia haemolytica vaccine in the presence of PPR virus outbreak results in mild hematological derangement when the goats were vaccinated with Mannheimia haemolytica bacterin at a week interval.Keywords: Goats, Haematology, Intranasal Recombinant Mannheimia haemolytica, Peste des Petits Ruminants, Vaccination

Grasscutter meat is an important source of animal protein in many West African countries. Despite the obvious potential of the grasscutter towards protein availability, attempts towards domestication have been hampered by diseases of which pneumonic conditions are of extreme importance. This study evaluates the normal nasal microflora of apparently healthy grasscutter with a view of understanding the nasal bacterial flora dynamics in health. Sixteen healthy adult grasscutters were examined for nasal normal microflora using the culture method. The disc diffusion technique was used for the antibiotic sensitivity test. The following microorganisms were identified from the normal flora of the grasscutters, they are; Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus sp, Micrococcus sp, Bacillus cerus , E. coli, Serratia sp, Streptococcus sp, Pasteurella multocida, Streptacoccus, sp., Mannheimia heamolytica, Klebsiella sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus sp. and Proteus sp. There was no significant sex variation in the populations of the nasal normal microflora. Most of the bacteria were found to be susceptible to cloxacillin, ceftrazone, cefunoxime, ciprofloxacin and gentamycin, while they were resistant to ceflazidime, ampicillin, erythromycin, co-trimazole augmentin and nitrofurentoin. The findings provided the basis for the understanding of normal nasal bacterial flora and the possibility of their involvement in pneumopathies associated with this animal model and it will provided basis for the use of appropriate antibiotics to combat respiratory infections in grasscutter in captivity.Keywords: nasal, microflora, grasscutter, domesticate, pneumopathies

Information on the level of fetal wastages in slaughtered cattle, sheep and goat is scanty in Ghana. This obvious missing gap in information do adversely affects the strategic planning and decision-making on animal food security. Thus, the need for an assessment of fetal wastage in slaughtered cattle and small ruminants in the Northern region of Ghana which provides about 30% of livestock population is imperative. Data on the total number of cattle, sheep and goat slaughtered, pregnant animals and condemned fetuses were obtained from the abattoir records, analysed on a daily basis while percentage of pregnant female animals and other descriptive statistics were computed. The average of 6.8% pregnant cow, 19.5% pregnant sheep and 18.3% pregnant goats were slaughtered in the study period. The ratio of fetal loss to slaughtered cattle, sheep and goat are 1:15, 1:5 and 1:6 respectively. This showed that the fetal wastage is quite alarming and effort should be geared towards instituting routine veterinary checks including pregnancy diagnosis at cattle control posts and abattoirs.Keywords: Abattoir, fetal loss, Reproductive wastage, Ruminants

There is dearth of information on occurrence of various diseases associated with carcass condemnation in countries other than Nigeria within West Africa. Hence, this study was conducted to identify the common disease conditions that results in carcass condemnation of food animals in Tamale, northern Ghana and the hub of cattle production of Ghana. Data obtained from abattoir records of diseases and lesions observed in food animals slaughtered in Tamale abattoir for a period of two years were analyzed. The disease conditions observed include Tuberculosis 14.3%, Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia 27.5%, Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia 1.6%, Lumpy Skin Disease 1.3%, Mastitis 1.1% and others. This showed that zoonotic and pneumonia associated transboundary diseases are the most important diseases in food animals in Ghana. Hence proper meat inspections should be conducted in abattoirs and good record keeping of disease conditions of food animals should be maintained for adequate surveillance of livestock diseases. Sustainable disease control planning should be enhanced in Ghana.Keywords: Abattoir record, Animal disease, Lesion, Tamale, Ghana

Pneumonia had been a major constraint to the development of small ruminant production and its control is expedient. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the protective effect of intranasal recombinant Mannheimia hemolytica vaccine against naturally occurring pneumonia in Nigerian goats. Twenty one goats were divided into five groups. Five goats each were in vaccinated groups while three goats were in the control groups. Group A was vaccinated once; group B was vaccinated twice at one week interval, and group D at two weeks interval, while group C and E were the positive and negative control groups. All goats including the vaccinated groups were challenged two weeks after the last vaccination by comingling with goats that had pneumonia for three weeks. The clinical, bacterial isolation, virus detection, lung consolidation, gross and histopathological score were employed using standard techniques. All data were analyzed statistically using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Group C and D had the highest clinical score following challenge while deaths were observed in all with the lowest in group B. The lung consolidation score and lesions in group C and D were significantly (P0.05). This study showed that the recombinant MH vaccine reduced the clinical manifestations especially when administered at a week interval more than once but was not sufficient to protect against naturally occurring caprine pneumonia commonly observed hence a need for modification to be effective in Nigeria.Keywords: Intranasal route; pneumonia, Nigerian goats, recombinant Mannheimia hemolytica vaccine

Background: Resistance to most antimalarial drugs has encouraged the use of herbal preparations along with prescribed orthodox drugs.Objective: To investigate effect of co-administration of aqueous extract of T. occidentalis leaves; commonly used as antimalarial and haematinic agent in Nigeria and artesunate using P. berghei animal model.Methods: In vivo curative antiplasmodial effect of T. occidentalis (200mg/kg) alone and combination with artesunate (2mg/kg) were evaluated using albino mice infected with 106 parasitized erythrocytes of P. berghei intraperitoneally. The haematological parameters: haemoglobin level, red blood cells and white blood cells and packed cell volume were monitored using standard methods.Results: Aqueous extract of T. occidentalis, artesunate and the combination gave 72.17±4.07%, 70.43± 4.27% and 85.43± 3.65% reduction in parasitaemia after 48hours respectively. A significant enhancement of the PCV was obtained with the coadministration of artesunate and aqueous extract (p< 0.01). Similar trends were also observed with heamatological parameters at 72hours of administration.Conclusion: This study revealed a synergistic effect of the co-administration on parasite clearance rate of P. berghei infection in mice, with a significant enhancement of haematological parameters within 48 hours of administration. This indicates a rapid rate of recovery from plasmodial infections with the co-administration.African Health Sciences 2013; 13(4): 970 - 976

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is the formation of mature histologically indistinguishable lamella bone in soft tissues which normally exhibits no properties of ossification. HO does not grow out of bone, is not connected to periosteum and is not formed intra-articularly (Maheswarappa et al., 2004). We report here, the occurrence of a heterotopic bone in the right atrial wall in suspected case of canine leptospirosis.

Zoological gardens showcase wild animals for aesthetic, educational and conservation purposes. Parasitic diseases had been described to be a big threat to animals in captivity, leading to high mortality in some cases. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in goats fed to animals in the University of Ibadan Zoological Garden between May and September, 2011. Methods used include the Egg floatation and McMaster Egg Counting Technique for parasite egg identification and counts respectively while Petri Dish-Filter Paper Slant was for larval recovery. Descriptive Statistics and chi square was employed and significance was set at p < 0.05. Parasites recovered were Haemonchus contortus, Paramphistomum spp, Nematodirus spp, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Trichuris caprice, Toxocara vitulorum and Strongyloides papillosus. By egg floatation technique, Trichostrongylus colubriformis was more prevalent [12 (10.8%)], compared to Haemonchus contortus [11 (9.91%)], while the least prevalence was observed for Strongyloides papillosus [2 (1.80%)]. The differences observed in parasite prevalence were statistically significant (χ²= 34.45). The mean egg intensity and larvae recovery showed that the prevalence of Haemonchus contortus was significantly higher (2358.3±546; 66.9%; χ²= 109.97) than all other gastrointestinal helminths. This study highlights that Haemonchus contortus was the most prevalent gastrointestinal parasite in goats fed to animals in the University of Ibadan Zoological Garden.Key words: Prevalence, Gastrointestinal parasites, Goats, Captive animals, Zoological Garden, Ibadan, Nigeria

There is a relative lack of information in the veterinary literature regarding the epidemiology, pathology and immunophenotypic classification of canine lymphomas in Nigeria. The carcass of a two year old male Alsatian dog with a history of dullness and anorexia of a few days duration was submitted for postmortem examination at the Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Ibadan. Grossly, there were multiple, variably sized , greyish white, firm nodules in the liver and pancreas. There was also pulmonary oedema, splenomegaly and gastric ulceration. Histologically, the hepatic and pancreatic nodules showed numerous aggregates of neoplastic lymphoid cells often arranged in follicles (lymphoma). The neoplastic lymphoid cells showed strong immunoreactivity to CD 33 antibodies. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a CD 33 positive lymphoma in a male Alsatian dog in our environmentKeywords: Alsatian, CD 33, Lymphoma.

This study was to evaluate the possible genetic resistance of exotic and indigenous chicks to Salmonella gallinarum. A total of 72 nine weeks-old chicks were used for the study. The Fulani ecotype (Fulani smooth feathers - FSF), Yoruba ecotype (Yoruba smooth feathers - YSF), and the Exotic breed (Nera Black) chicks were infected with a dose of S. gallinarum (8.3 x 106 CFU) and were observed for 16 days. Evaluation of resistance was based on clinical signs, mortality, pathology, leukocyte count, bacterial count from liver and spleen of infected chicks. The highest peak for clinical signs in S. gallinarum infected chicks coincides with highest mortalities recorded on day 11-12 dpi and bacterial count of both liver and spleen on day 8. The lymphocytes count declined on day 8 for all the experimental chicks except for the exotic breed. There was no significant difference between the bacterial counts of the different groups on day 8. In S. gallinarum infected chicks, 94.4% of all the chicks showed clinical signs after infection, the exotic breed showed a prolonged clinical signs while the Yoruba ecotype showed the least. 87.5%, 80.0% and 37.5% mortality were recorded in the exotic breed, Fulani and Yoruba ecotypes respectively. The study showed that the exotic chicken (Nera Black) was more susceptible to Salmonella gallinarum infection. It also indicated that within the ecotypes in Nigeria, Fulani ecotype was more susceptible to Salmonella gallinarum infection than the Yoruba ecotype. The lower clinical signs and mortality observed in Yoruba ecotype indicated a resistance of the ecotype to S. gallinarum infection.Keywords: Ecotypes, Nigerian Indigenous chicken, Salmonella gallinarum infection.

The study assessed the effect of Walnut Leaf (WL) and Onion Bulb (OB) residues on disease resistance of Clarias gariepinus juveniles against infection with the bacteria pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Clarias gariepinus juveniles were fed with diets containing 0 (control), OB2 (0.5%), OB3 (1.0%), OB4 (1.5%), OB5 (2.0%), WL6 (0.5%), WL7 (1.0%), WL8 (1.5%) and WL9 (2.0%). Biochemical (serum total protein, albumin, globulin, albumin: globulin ratio) and haematological indices of the fish were investigated. Fish were exposed to 0.5ml of 107 Pseudomonas aeruginosa of 24h old culture with the percentage mortality and relative level of protection recorded for 4 weeks post – infection. The results demonstrated that the fish fed with treated diets showed increased in biochemical and haematological indices (P

Information about frequency in the occurrence of gastric lesions in pigs slaughtered in Nigeria appears scanty. A random sampling of stomachs of 100 slaughtered pigs from Bodija abattoir, one of the largest abbatoir in south western Nigeria was used for this investigation. The stomachs were examined grossly and the locations of the lesions were noted, tissues were routinely processed and examined histologically. Descriptive statistics and Chi square were employed to analyse data obtained. The predominant lesions observed were those of ulcers with few being nodules of varying sizes and a few erosions. Of the stomachs examined, 11(11%) had acute pin point ulcers while 21(21%) had chronic ulcers. 14(14%) showed healed areas, with nodules while 54(54%) were free from obvious lesions. Majority of the erosions and ulcerations (76%) occurred in the pars oesophagea while the histopathological changes observed are that of ulceration with foci of chronic nodular gastritis and fibrous granulation. There is a possible age predisposition in the occurrence of gastric lesions. The pin point ulcers and chronic nodular gastritis observed showed that most stomach lesions observed in slaughtered pigs in this environment may be due to myriad of factors that need to be further researched on. Keywords : Erosions, Gastric Lesions, Incidence, Slaughtered pigs, Ulcerations.

This experiment was conducted to assess and compare the susceptibility of the varieties of Yoruba indigenous chicken ecotype: Yoruba Smooth Feathered (YSF), Yoruba Frizzled Feathered (YFF) and Yoruba Naked Neck (YNN) to Newcastle disease. A total of sixty (60) 16 weeks old chickens were used comprising of twenty (20) chickens per variety. The assessmentof their susceptibility to Newcastle disease was by evaluation of clinical signs, humoral response, mortality, pathology following contact with Newcastle disease infected chickens. The experimental chickens developed clinical signs of Newcastle disease from day 9 after infection. Haemagglutination inhibition (HI) titre was determined on days 0, 21and28 post-infection. On day 0, the HI titre of the 3 genotypes were below 3log2, on day 21, there were significant differences within the group (P

This study was conducted to evaluate immunogenicity of five commonly used vaccines for prevention of Newcastle disease (ND) in Ibadan, the capital city of Oyo State Nigeria. Two hundred and twenty (220) blood samples were collected from apparently healthy vaccinated chickenin 8 poultry farms in suburbs of the city. An average of 27 samples was collected from each farm.Blood samples were collected from a total of 72 breeders 88 layers and 60 pullets. Sera were testedusing heamagglutination inhibition (HI) techniquet to determineantibody levels against ND after vaccination with a commercial ND vaccine. Geometric mean titre (GMT) of antibodies against ND were calculated among flocks. The resultsindicated significant (p

In Nigeria, goats play a significant socioeconomic role in the life of rural people. Recently, there had been report of high mortality of goats especially the kids under one year with none of such among sheep reared together in Eruwa, Southwestern Nigeria. An investigation was conducted to ascertain the cause of the deaths. Clinical, pathological and serological findings were described. Serum samples of forty-two animals from affected goats of varied ages were tested for the presence of PPR antibodies by competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA).Post mortem examination of three of the carcasses and histopathology of the lungs, segments of the oral mucosa and intestine were also done. The clinical findings observed include loss of appetite, oculo-nasal mucopurulent discharges, dyspnoea, profuse diarrhea and death, the findings led to the tentative diagnosis of PPR. Serum samples from fifteen out of twenty affected,10 out of 10 recovered and 7 apparently healthy goats were tested positive for the presence of PPR antibodies using cELISA. It was also observed that PPRV antibodies were more in goats below one and half years. However, no PPR antibodies were detected in sheep reared together with the goats. At histopathology, there were thickening of the alveolar septa walls with mononuclear cells and presence of varying numbers of macrophages and characteristic giant cells within the alveoli. This is apparently another documented case of PPR after thirty one years of the first report in this community. This showed that obvious concerted efforts in the control of the disease should be harnessed. Enhanced awareness and sensitization campaign among the stockowners towards adoption of annual vaccination of goats before the` onset of rain was recommended.Keywords: Peste des petits ruminants, outbreak, WAD goats, Serology, cELISA, NigeriaNigerian Veterinary Journal, VOL:32 (4) 331-335

A study was conducted to determine the genetic resistance of two Nigerian ecotypes chicken and exotic breed cockerel (black Nera) to Newcastle disease by evaluating their clinical, haematological and humoralresponses to experimental Newcastle disease virus infection.. The chicks from the three genotypes were infected with 1ml of 105 ELD50 of Hertz 33 Newcastle disease virus inoculums orally. Their responses to infection weremonitored through clinical signs and mortality, haematological parameters and antibody titres values on days 0, 3, 7, 14 and 21 post infection. There was no adverse clinical manifestation and mortality in all the chicks throughout the experimental period. There was also no significant difference (p>0.05) between the mean packed cell volume of all the three genotypes from day 0 up to day 21 post infection though Fulani ecotypes had the highest value at day 21. Lymphocyte counts did not show any significant difference (p>0.05) on day 0 and 3 but there was significant difference (p

The study evaluated the effect of dietary inclusion levels of walnut leaf (WL) and onion bulb (OB) residues on dermal wound healing of Clarias gariepinus. The experiment was carried out in 9 experimental tanks (1.8 m x 2 m x 1.2 m) for 14 days. Nine experimental diets were formulated at 40% crude protein representing the following inclusion levels: Control (0%), OB2 (0.5%), OB3 (1.0%), OB4 (1.5%), OB5 (2.0%), WL6 (0.5%), WL7 (1.0%), WL8 (1.5%) and WL9 (2.0%). Fish (mean weight of 1kg) were fed twice daily at 3% body weight. Percentage healing and daily healing rate on lateral and caudal parts of the male and female Clarias gariepinus were investigated at 0, 7 and 14 days. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at P < 0.05. The results demonstrated that the fish fed with walnut leaf and onion bulb residues showed better performance than the control. Dermal wound healing of Clarias gariepinus was better on lateral and caudal parts (100%, 14.29; 100%, 14.29) in WL 8 compared to the control (98%, 14.00; 80%, 11.43) respectively. The results obtained showed that the male Clarias gariepinus had better healing compared to the female (100%, 14.29; 82%, 11.71), respectively. Diets with walnut leaf and onion bulb residues had wound healing properties and they could be use in fish farming. Also, the inclusion of 1.5% of walnut leaf residue in fish feed promotes wound healing in Clarias gariepinus. El presente estudio evaluó el efecto de la inclusión en la dieta de distintos niveles de hojas nogal (WL) y residuos de bulbo de cebolla (OB) sobre la cicatrización de heridas en la dermis de Clarias gariepinus. El experimento se llevó a cabo en nueve tanques experimentales (1,8 m x 2 m x 1,2 m) durante 14 días. Se formularon nueve dietas experimentales al 40% de proteína bruta con los siguientes niveles de inclusión: control (0%), OB2 (0,5%), OB3 (1,0%), OB4 (1,5%), OB5 (2,0%), WL6 (0,5%), WL7 (1,0%), WL8 (1,5%) y WL9 (2,0%). Los peces (peso promedio 1 kg) fueron alimentados dos veces al día con 3% del peso corporal. El porcentaje de cicatrización y la tasa diaria de cicatrización en las zonas laterales y caudales de macho y hembra de Clarias gariepinus se investigaron a los 0, 7 y 14 días. Los datos fueron analizados mediante estadística descriptiva y ANOVA (P < 0,05). Los resultados mostraron que los peces alimentados con hojas de nogal y residuos de bulbo de cebolla mostraron un mejor rendimiento que el control. La cicatrización dermal de heridas en Clarias gariepinus fue mejor en la parte lateral y caudal (100%; 14,29%; 100%; 14,29%) en WL 8 en comparación con el control (98%; 14,00; 80%; 11,43), respectivamente. Clarias gariepinus macho tenía una mejor cicatrización en comparación con la hembra (100%; 14,29; 82%; 11,71), respectivamente. Las dietas con hojas de nogal y residuos de bulbo de cebolla tienen propiedades curativas y podrían ser usadas en acuicultura, además la inclusión de un 1,5% de nogal en la alimentación de los peces favorece la cicatrización de heridas en Clarias gariepinus.

In this study, the effect of walnut leaf (WL) and onion bulb (OB) residues on tissue bacteriology of Clarias gariepinus juveniles by dietary intake was investigated. Nine experimental diets: control (0%), OB2 (0.5%), OB3 (1.0%), OB4 (1.5%), OB5 (2.0%), WL6 (0.5%), WL7 (1.0%), WL8 (1.5%) and WL9 (2.0%) were formulated and replicated thrice at 40% crude protein. Fish (mean weight 7.4±0.02g) were fed twice daily at 3% body weight for 12 weeks. Microbiological analyses of water and fish (skin, gill, intestine and liver) and organ index (liver, spleen, kidney and heart) were investigated. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at p=0.05. Results of enterobacteriacea and total viable count from this study revealed that bacterial loads on the water and fish of the experimental tanks were more affected by A. cepa and T. conophorum than the control for 4, 8 and 12 weeks and were significantly different (P

An outbreak of Salmonella paratyphi A in a commercial poultry farm in Ibadan is hereby reported. The clinical findings manifested by the birds were reduced appetite, increased water consumption and passed yellowish green stool. There was decreased egg production, prostration and death. Morbidity was 50% while mortality was 20% over a period of 3 weeks. Post mortem examination was conducted on dead birds. Liver was consistently congested and friable with whitish deposits and tiny necrotic foci, while the gall bladder was engorged consistently with bile. There was inflamed intestine mainly duodenal region. The isolate obtained from the liver was highly sensitive to gentamycin (10μg) and moderately sensitive to nitrofurantoin (300 µg), ofloxacin (30 µg), augumentin (30 µg), tetracyline (30 µg), ampicilin (25μg) and cotrimoxazole (25 µg) but was resistant to nalidixic acid (30 µg).Keywords: poultry, Salmonella paratyphi A, antibiotic sensitivityTropical Veterinarian Vol. 23(2) 2005: 65-68

Keywords: Pasteurellosis, captive, antelope, pneumonia, necrosis A case of pasteurellosis in a captive antelope (Antilope cervicapra) in the zoological garden of the University of Ibadan is reported. The antelope was found dead without any premonitory signs. Gross findings include antero-ventral consolidation of the lungs with multifocal hepatic necrosis while the histopathology revealed acute pneumonia and diffuse hepatic necrosis with nephritis. Bacteriological examination incriminated Mannheimia hemolytica as causative agent. Trop. Vet. Vol. 20(4) 2002: 238-242