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2. Schistosomiasis collection at NHM (SCAN)

Author

Emery Aidan M, Allan Fiona E, Rabone Muriel E, and Rollinson David

Subjects
Schistosoma, Biomphalaria, Bulinus, Biobank, Collection, Museum, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background The Natural History Museum (NHM) is developing a repository for schistosomiasis-related material, the Schistosomiasis Collection at NHM (SCAN) as part of its existing Wolfson Wellcome Biomedical Laboratory (WWBL). This is timely because a major research and evaluation effort to understand control and move towards elimination of schistosomiasis in Africa has been initiated by the Schistosomiasis Consortium for Operational Research and Evaluation (SCORE), resulting in the collection of many important biological samples, including larval schistosomes and snails. SCAN will collaborate with a number of research groups and control teams and the repository will acquire samples relevant to both immediate and future research interest. The samples collected through ongoing research and field activities, WWBL’s existing collections, and other acquisitions will be maintained over the long term and made available to the global research community for approved research purposes. Goals include: · Consolidation of the existing NHM schistosome and snail collections and transfer of specimens into suitable long-term storage systems for DNA retrieval, · Long-term and stable storage of specimens collected as part of on going field programmes initially in Africa especially relating to the SCORE research programmes, · Provision of access to snail and schistosome collections for approved research activities.

Published
2012
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3. A role for p38 MAPK in the regulation of ciliary motion in a eukaryote

Author

Emery Aidan M, Rollinson David, Ressurreição Margarida, and Walker Anthony J

Subjects
Cytology, QH573-671
Abstract

Abstract Background Motile cilia are essential to the survival and reproduction of many eukaryotes; they are responsible for powering swimming of protists and small multicellular organisms and drive fluids across respiratory and reproductive surfaces in mammals. Although tremendous progress has been made to comprehend the biochemical basis of these complex evolutionarily-conserved organelles, few protein kinases have been reported to co-ordinate ciliary beat. Here we present evidence for p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) playing a role in the ciliary beat of a multicellular eukaryote, the free-living miracidium stage of the platyhelminth parasite Schistosoma mansoni. Results Fluorescence confocal microscopy revealed that non-motile miracidia trapped within eggs prior to hatching displayed phosphorylated (activated) p38 MAPK associated with their ciliated surface. In contrast, freshly-hatched, rapidly swimming, miracidia lacked phosphorylated p38 MAPK. Western blotting and immunocytochemistry demonstrated that treatment of miracidia with the p38 MAPK activator anisomycin resulted in a rapid, sustained, activation of p38 MAPK, which was primarily localized to the cilia associated with the ciliated epidermal plates, and the tegument. Freshly-hatched miracidia possessed swim velocities between 2.17 - 2.38 mm/s. Strikingly, anisomycin-mediated p38 MAPK activation rapidly attenuated swimming, reducing swim velocities by 55% after 15 min and 99% after 60 min. In contrast, SB 203580, a p38 MAPK inhibitor, increased swim velocity by up to 15% over this duration. Finally, by inhibiting swimming, p38 MAPK activation resulted in early release of ciliated epidermal plates from the miracidium thus accelerating development to the post-miracidium larval stage. Conclusions This study supports a role for p38 MAPK in the regulation of ciliary-beat. Given the evolutionary conservation of signalling processes and cilia structure, we hypothesize that p38 MAPK may regulate ciliary beat and beat-frequency in a variety of eukaryotes.

Published
2011
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4. Molecular characterization of freshwater snails in the genus Bulinus: a role for barcodes?

Author

Emery Aidan M, Stothard J Russell, Kane Richard A, and Rollinson David

Subjects
Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background Reliable and consistent methods are required for the identification and classification of freshwater snails belonging to the genus Bulinus (Gastropoda, Planorbidae) which act as intermediate hosts for schistosomes of both medical and veterinary importance. The current project worked towards two main objectives, the development of a cost effective, simple screening method for the routine identification of Bulinus isolates and the use of resultant sequencing data to produce a model of relationships within the group. Results Phylogenetic analysis of the DNA sequence for a large section (1009 bp) of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) for isolates of Bulinus demonstrated superior resolution over that employing the second internal transcribed spacer (its2) of the ribosomal gene complex. Removal of transitional substitutions within cox1 because of saturation effects still allowed identification of snails at species group level. Within groups, some species could be identified with ease but there were regions where the high degree of molecular diversity meant that clear identification of species was problematic, this was particularly so within the B. africanus group. Conclusion The sequence diversity within cox1 is such that a barcoding approach may offer the best method for characterization of populations and species within the genus from different geographical locations. The study has confirmed the definition of some accepted species within the species groups but additionally has revealed some unrecognized isolates which underlines the need to use molecular markers in addition to more traditional methods of identification. A barcoding approach based on part of the cox1 gene as defined by the Folmer primers is proposed.

Published
2008
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7. The lethal effect of soap on Schistosoma mansoni cercariae in water.

Author

Zhang, Jiaodi, Pitol, Ana K., Kinung'hi, Safari, Angelo, Teckla, Emery, Aidan M., Cieplinski, Adam, Templeton, Michael R., and Braun, Laura

Subjects
SCHISTOSOMA mansoni, CERCARIAE, SOAP, SCHISTOSOMIASIS, PARASITIC diseases
Abstract

Background: Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease which is spread through skin contact with water containing Schistosoma cercariae. Drug treatment has been the main control method, but it does not prevent reinfection. The use of soap can be a complementary measure to reduce transmission. Therefore, this study investigates the quantitative effect of different soaps on the mortality of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae. Methodology: Four soaps including two powder soaps (Kleesoft and Omo) and two bar soaps (B29 and Rungu) which are used in a schistosomiasis-endemic Tanzanian village were studied. S. mansoni cercariae were exposed to powder soaps of 0 (control), 10, 50, 75, 100 and 1000 mg/L and to bar soaps of 0 (control), 100, 500 and 1000 mg/L. The highest concentration of 1000 mg/L was selected based on the laboratory-estimated average soap concentration during handwashing. Cercariae were observed under a microscope after 0, 5, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes of exposure to determine their survival. Conclusions: All four soaps can kill S. mansoni cercariae and this lethal effect was related to soap concentration and exposure time. At the highest concentration of 1000 mg/L, all cercariae were dead at 5 minutes post-exposure with two powder soaps and Rungu, while 100% cercarial death was achieved between 5 minutes to 15 minutes for B29. Almost all cercariae survived after being exposed to 10 mg/L powder soaps and 100 mg/L bar soaps for 60 minutes. Powder soaps were more lethal than bar soaps. Considering the widely varying concentrations of soap during real-world hygiene activities and the necessity for a very high soap concentration to eliminate all cercariae in a short 5-minute exposure, providing the efficacy of soap in preventing schistosomiasis becomes challenging. Future studies should investigate whether soap can influence alternative mechanisms such as creating a barrier to skin, thereby providing protection. Author summary: Schistosomiasis is a major public health problem in low-resource countries where there is insufficient access to safe water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). Preventive chemotherapy with praziquantel has been the main control method, but it cannot protect against reinfection. With the increasing awareness of the importance of a multi-faceted control strategy, WASH has been recommended as one of the core strategic interventions for schistosomiasis control. The use of soap, one hygiene practice, might play a role in prevention by reducing human exposure to cercariae, thereby lowering the infection risk at transmission sites. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no detailed guidelines on how to use soap to prevent schistosomiasis in endemic areas. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the efficacy of four commercial Tanzanian soaps against Schistosoma mansoni cercariae to understand soap lethality. The results provide scientific evidence of soap protection against schistosome cercariae and suggest that future studies should investigate other potential mechanisms by which soap may provide protection against cercariae (e.g. damaging them sufficiently to hinder penetration into the skin or protecting skin against cercarial penetration). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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10. Cross-reactivity of glycan-reactive HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies with parasite glycans

Author

Medical Research Council (UK), Rosetrees Trust, Fondation Dormeur, Vaduz, National Institute for Health Research (UK), NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (UK), NHS Foundation Trust, Kings College London, Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Wellcome Trust, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (UK), Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Denmark), Irish Aid, World Bank Group, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (The Netherlands), Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation, European Commission, Department for International Development (UK), United States Agency for International Development, Huettner, Isabella, Krumm, Stefanie A., Serna, Sonia, Brzezicka, Katarzyna, Monaco, Serena, Walpole, Samuel, van Diepen, Angela, Allan, Fiona, Hicks,Thomas, Kimuda, Simon, Emery, Aidan M., Landais, Elise, Hokke, Cornelis H., Angulo, Jesús, Reichardt, Niels, Doores, Katie J, Medical Research Council (UK), Rosetrees Trust, Fondation Dormeur, Vaduz, National Institute for Health Research (UK), NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (UK), NHS Foundation Trust, Kings College London, Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Wellcome Trust, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (UK), Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Denmark), Irish Aid, World Bank Group, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (The Netherlands), Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation, European Commission, Department for International Development (UK), United States Agency for International Development, Huettner, Isabella, Krumm, Stefanie A., Serna, Sonia, Brzezicka, Katarzyna, Monaco, Serena, Walpole, Samuel, van Diepen, Angela, Allan, Fiona, Hicks,Thomas, Kimuda, Simon, Emery, Aidan M., Landais, Elise, Hokke, Cornelis H., Angulo, Jesús, Reichardt, Niels, and Doores, Katie J

Abstract

The HIV-1 Envelope glycoprotein (Env) is the sole target for broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). Env is heavily glycosylated with host-derived N-glycans, and many bnAbs bind to, or are dependent upon, Env glycans for neutralization. Although glycan-binding bnAbs are frequently detected in HIV-infected individuals, attempts to elicit them have been unsuccessful because of the poor immunogenicity of Env N-glycans. Here, we report cross-reactivity of glycan-binding bnAbs with self- and non-self N-glycans and glycoprotein antigens from different life-stages of Schistosoma mansoni. Using the IAVI Protocol C HIV infection cohort, we examine the relationship between S. mansoni seropositivity and development of bnAbs targeting glycan-dependent epitopes. We show that the unmutated common ancestor of the N332/V3-specific bnAb lineage PCDN76, isolated from an HIV-infected donor with S. mansoni seropositivity, binds to S. mansoni cercariae while lacking reactivity to gp120. Overall, these results present a strategy for elicitation of glycan-reactive bnAbs which could be exploited in HIV-1 vaccine development.

Published
2022

11. Cross-reactivity of glycan-reactive HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies with parasite glycans

Author

Huettner, Isabella, primary, Krumm, Stefanie A., additional, Serna, Sonia, additional, Brzezicka, Katarzyna, additional, Monaco, Serena, additional, Walpole, Samuel, additional, van Diepen, Angela, additional, Allan, Fiona, additional, Hicks, Thomas, additional, Kimuda, Simon, additional, Emery, Aidan M., additional, Landais, Elise, additional, Hokke, Cornelis H., additional, Angulo, Jesus, additional, Reichardt, Niels, additional, Doores, Katie J., additional, Allen, Susan, additional, Kilembe, William, additional, Lakhi, Shabir, additional, Inambao, Mubiana, additional, Karita, Etienne, additional, Kamali, Anatoli, additional, Sanders, Eduard J., additional, Anzala, Omu, additional, Edward, Vinodh, additional, Bekker, Linda-Gail, additional, Tang, Jianming, additional, Gilmour, Jill, additional, Hunter, Eric, additional, and Price, Matt, additional

Published
2022
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12. Genomic analysis of a parasite invasion: Colonization of the Americas by the blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni

Author

Platt, Roy N., primary, Le Clec'h, Winka, additional, Chevalier, Frédéric D., additional, McDew‐White, Marina, additional, LoVerde, Philip T., additional, Ramiro de Assis, Rafael, additional, Oliveira, Guilherme, additional, Kinung'hi, Safari, additional, Djirmay, Amadou Garba, additional, Steinauer, Michelle L., additional, Gouvras, Anouk, additional, Rabone, Muriel, additional, Allan, Fiona, additional, Webster, Bonnie L., additional, Webster, Joanne P., additional, Emery, Aidan M., additional, Rollinson, David, additional, and Anderson, Timothy J. C., additional

Published
2022
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13. Chromosome-level genome of Schistosoma haematobium underpins genome-wide explorations of molecular variation

Author

Stroehlein, Andreas J., primary, Korhonen, Pasi K., additional, Lee, V. Vern, additional, Ralph, Stuart A., additional, Mentink-Kane, Margaret, additional, You, Hong, additional, McManus, Donald P., additional, Tchuenté, Louis-Albert Tchuem, additional, Stothard, J. Russell, additional, Kaur, Parwinder, additional, Dudchenko, Olga, additional, Aiden, Erez Lieberman, additional, Yang, Bicheng, additional, Yang, Huanming, additional, Emery, Aidan M., additional, Webster, Bonnie L., additional, Brindley, Paul J., additional, Rollinson, David, additional, Chang, Bill C. H., additional, Gasser, Robin B., additional, and Young, Neil D., additional

Published
2022
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15. Genetic analysis of praziquantel response in schistosome parasites implicates a transient receptor potential channel

Author

Le Clec’h, Winka, primary, Chevalier, Frédéric D., additional, Mattos, Ana Carolina A., additional, Strickland, Amanda, additional, Diaz, Robbie, additional, McDew-White, Marina, additional, Rohr, Claudia M., additional, Kinung’hi, Safari, additional, Allan, Fiona, additional, Webster, Bonnie L., additional, Webster, Joanne P., additional, Emery, Aidan M., additional, Rollinson, David, additional, Djirmay, Amadou Garba, additional, Al Mashikhi, Khalid M., additional, Al Yafae, Salem, additional, Idris, Mohamed A., additional, Moné, Hélène, additional, Mouahid, Gabriel, additional, LoVerde, Philip, additional, Marchant, Jonathan S., additional, and Anderson, Timothy J. C., additional

Published
2021
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19. Genetic analysis of praziquantel response in schistosome parasites implicates a transient receptor potential channel

Author

Le Clec'H, Winka, Chevalier, Frederic D., Mattos, Ana Carolina A., Strickland, Amanda, Diaz, Robbie, Mcdew-white, Marina, Rohr, Claudia M., Kinung'Hi, Safari, Allan, Fiona, Webster, Bonnie L., Webster, Joanne P., Emery, Aidan M., Rollinson, David, Djirmay, Amadou Garba, Al Mashikhi, Khalid M., Al Yafae, Salem, Idris, Mohamed A., Mone, Helene, Mouahid, Gabriel, Loverde, Philip, Marchant, Jonathan S., Anderson, Timothy J. C., Le Clec'H, Winka, Chevalier, Frederic D., Mattos, Ana Carolina A., Strickland, Amanda, Diaz, Robbie, Mcdew-white, Marina, Rohr, Claudia M., Kinung'Hi, Safari, Allan, Fiona, Webster, Bonnie L., Webster, Joanne P., Emery, Aidan M., Rollinson, David, Djirmay, Amadou Garba, Al Mashikhi, Khalid M., Al Yafae, Salem, Idris, Mohamed A., Mone, Helene, Mouahid, Gabriel, Loverde, Philip, Marchant, Jonathan S., and Anderson, Timothy J. C.

Abstract

Mass drug administration with praziquantel (PZQ) monotherapy is considered the mainstay for control and elimination of the parasites causing schistosomiasis in humans. This drug shows imperfect cure rates in the field, and parasites showing reduced PZQ response can be selected in the laboratory, but the extent of resistance in Schistosoma mansoni populations is unknown. We examined the genetic basis of the variation in response in a PZQ-selected S. mansoni population (SmLE-PZQ-R) in which 35% of the parasitic worms survive high-dose PZQ (73 micrograms per milliliter) treatment. We used genome-wide association to map loci underlying PZQ response and identified a transient receptor potential (Sm.TRPMPZQ) channel (Smp_246790) within the major chromosome 3 peak that is activated by nanomolar concentrations of PZQ. The PZQ response showed recessive inheritance and marker-assisted selection of parasites at a single Sm.TRPMPZQ SNP that produced populations of PZQ-enriched resistant (PZQ-ER) and PZQ-enriched sensitive (PZQ-ES) parasites, exhibiting >377-fold difference in PZQ response. The PZQ-ER parasites survived treatment in rodents at higher frequencies compared with PZQ-ES, and resistant parasites exhibited 2.25-fold lower expression of Sm.TRPMPZQ relative to sensitive parasites. Specific chemical blockers of Sm.TRPMPZQ enhanced PZQ resistance, whereas Sm.TRPMPZQ activators increased sensitivity. We surveyed Sm.TRPMPZQ sequence variations in 259 parasites from different global sites and identified one nonsense mutation that resulted in a truncated protein with no PZQ binding site. Our results demonstrate that Sm.TRPMPZQ underlies variation in PZQ responses in S. mansoni and provides an approach for monitoring emerging PZQ-resistant alleles in schistosome elimination programs.

Published
2021
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21. Additional file 3 of The genetic variation of different developmental stages of Schistosoma japonicum: do the distribution in snails and pairing preference benefit the transmission?

Author

Gu, Meng-Jie, Li, Yan-Wei, Emery, Aidan M., Li, Shi-Zhu, Jiang, Yong-Zhong, Dong, Hui-Fen, and Zhao, Qin-Ping

Subjects
parasitic diseases, respiratory system, human activities
Abstract

Additional file 3: Table S3. Genetic diversity of each locus in adult worms from mice infected with two methods.

Published
2020
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22. Additional file 5 of The genetic variation of different developmental stages of Schistosoma japonicum: do the distribution in snails and pairing preference benefit the transmission?

Author

Gu, Meng-Jie, Li, Yan-Wei, Emery, Aidan M., Li, Shi-Zhu, Jiang, Yong-Zhong, Dong, Hui-Fen, and Zhao, Qin-Ping

Subjects
fluids and secretions, parasitic diseases, fungi, respiratory system, human activities
Abstract

Additional file 5: Table S5. Genetic diversity of each locus in miracidia from the liver/stool of mice in Method I and Method II.

Published
2020
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23. Additional file 4 of The genetic variation of different developmental stages of Schistosoma japonicum: do the distribution in snails and pairing preference benefit the transmission?

Author

Gu, Meng-Jie, Li, Yan-Wei, Emery, Aidan M., Li, Shi-Zhu, Jiang, Yong-Zhong, Dong, Hui-Fen, and Zhao, Qin-Ping

Subjects
parasitic diseases, respiratory system, human activities
Abstract

Additional file 4: Table S4. Genetic diversity of combined nine loci in worms from each mouse in Method I and Method II.

Published
2020
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25. Additional file 2 of The genetic variation of different developmental stages of Schistosoma japonicum: do the distribution in snails and pairing preference benefit the transmission?

Author

Gu, Meng-Jie, Li, Yan-Wei, Emery, Aidan M., Li, Shi-Zhu, Jiang, Yong-Zhong, Dong, Hui-Fen, and Zhao, Qin-Ping

Subjects
parasitic diseases, respiratory system, human activities
Abstract

Additional file 2: Table S2. Genetic diversity of nine microsatellite loci in all genotyped cercariae from snails of two groups.

Published
2020
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26. Chlorination of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae

Author

Braun, Laura, primary, Sylivester, Yasinta Daniel, additional, Zerefa, Meseret Dessalegne, additional, Maru, Muluwork, additional, Allan, Fiona, additional, Zewge, Feleke, additional, Emery, Aidan M., additional, Kinung’hi, Safari, additional, and Templeton, Michael R., additional

Published
2020
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27. Snail-Related Contributions from the Schistosomiasis Consortium for Operational Research and Evaluation Program Including Xenomonitoring, Focal Mollusciciding, Biological Control, and Modeling

Author

Allan, Fiona, primary, Ame, Shaali M., additional, Tian-Bi, Yves-Nathan T., additional, Hofkin, Bruce V., additional, Webster, Bonnie L., additional, Diakité, Nana R., additional, N’Goran, Eliezer K., additional, Kabole, Fatma, additional, Khamis, Iddi S., additional, Gouvras, Anouk N., additional, Emery, Aidan M., additional, Pennance, Tom, additional, Rabone, Muriel, additional, Kinung’hi, Safari, additional, Hamidou, Amina Amadou, additional, Mkoji, Gerald M., additional, McLaughlin, John P., additional, Kuris, Armand M., additional, Loker, Eric S., additional, Knopp, Stefanie, additional, and Rollinson, David, additional

Published
2020
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30. Oxamniquine resistance alleles are widespread in Old World Schistosoma mansoni and predate drug deployment

Author

Chevalier, Frederic D., Le Clec'H, Winka, Mcdew-white, Marina, Menon, Vinay, Guzman, Meghan A., Holloway, Stephen P., Cao, Xiaohang, Taylor, Alexander B., Kinung'Hi, Safari, Gouvras, Anouk N., Webster, Bonnie L., Webster, Joanne P., Emery, Aidan M., Rollinson, David, Garba Djirmay, Amadou, Al Mashikhi, Khalid M., Al Yafae, Salem, Idris, Mohamed A., Mone, Helene, Mouahid, Gabriel, Hart, P. John, Loverde, Philip T., Anderson, Timothy J. C., Chevalier, Frederic D., Le Clec'H, Winka, Mcdew-white, Marina, Menon, Vinay, Guzman, Meghan A., Holloway, Stephen P., Cao, Xiaohang, Taylor, Alexander B., Kinung'Hi, Safari, Gouvras, Anouk N., Webster, Bonnie L., Webster, Joanne P., Emery, Aidan M., Rollinson, David, Garba Djirmay, Amadou, Al Mashikhi, Khalid M., Al Yafae, Salem, Idris, Mohamed A., Mone, Helene, Mouahid, Gabriel, Hart, P. John, Loverde, Philip T., and Anderson, Timothy J. C.

Abstract

Do mutations required for adaptation occur de novo, or are they segregating within populations as standing genetic variation? This question is key to understanding adaptive change in nature, and has important practical consequences for the evolution of drug resistance. We provide evidence that alleles conferring resistance to oxamniquine (OXA), an antischistosomal drug, are widespread in natural parasite populations under minimal drug pressure and predate OXA deployment. OXA has been used since the 1970s to treat Schistosoma mansoni infections in the New World where S. mansoni established during the slave trade. Recessive loss-of-function mutations within a parasite sulfotransferase (SmSULT-OR) underlie resistance, and several verified resistance mutations, including a deletion (p.E142del), have been identified in the New World. Here we investigate sequence variation in SmSULT-OR in S. mansoni from the Old World, where OXA has seen minimal usage. We sequenced exomes of 204 S. mansoni parasites from West Africa, East Africa and the Middle East, and scored variants in SmSULT-OR and flanking regions. We identified 39 non-synonymous SNPs, 4 deletions, 1 duplication and 1 premature stop codon in the SmSULT-OR coding sequence, including one confirmed resistance deletion (p.E142del). We expressed recombinant proteins and used an in vitro OXA activation assay to functionally validate the OXA-resistance phenotype for four predicted OXA-resistance mutations. Three aspects of the data are of particular interest: (i) segregating OXA-resistance alleles are widespread in Old World populations (4.29-14.91% frequency), despite minimal OXA usage, (ii) two OXA-resistance mutations (p.W120R, p.N171IfsX28) are particularly common (>5%) in East African and Middle-Eastern populations, (iii) the p.E142del allele has identical flanking SNPs in both West Africa and Puerto Rico, suggesting that parasites bearing this allele colonized the New World during the slave trade and therefore predate

Published
2019
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31. Whole-genome sequence of the bovine blood fluke Schistosoma bovis supports interspecific hybridization with S. haematobium

Author

Oleaga, Ana [0000-0002-8019-7354], Oey, Harald, Zakrzewski, Martha, Gravermann, Kerstin, Young, Neil D., Korhonen, Pasi K., Gobert, Geoffrey N., Nawaratna, Sujeevi, Hasan, Shihab, Martínez, David M., You, Hong, Lavin, Martin, Jones, Malcolm K., Ragan, Mark A., Stoye, Jens, Oleaga, Ana, Emery, Aidan M., Webster, Bonnie L., Rollinson, David, Gasser, Robin B., McManus, Donald P., Krause, Lutz, Oleaga, Ana [0000-0002-8019-7354], Oey, Harald, Zakrzewski, Martha, Gravermann, Kerstin, Young, Neil D., Korhonen, Pasi K., Gobert, Geoffrey N., Nawaratna, Sujeevi, Hasan, Shihab, Martínez, David M., You, Hong, Lavin, Martin, Jones, Malcolm K., Ragan, Mark A., Stoye, Jens, Oleaga, Ana, Emery, Aidan M., Webster, Bonnie L., Rollinson, David, Gasser, Robin B., McManus, Donald P., and Krause, Lutz

Abstract

Mesenteric infection by the parasitic blood fluke Schistosoma bovis is a common veterinary problem in Africa and the Middle East and occasionally in the Mediterranean Region. The species also has the ability to form interspecific hybrids with the human parasite S. haematobium with natural hybridisation observed in West Africa, presenting possible zoonotic transmission. Additionally, this exchange of alleles between species may dramatically influence disease dynamics and parasite evolution. We have generated a 374 Mb assembly of the S. bovis genome using Illumina and PacBio-based technologies. Despite infecting different hosts and organs, the genome sequences of S. bovis and S. haematobium appeared strikingly similar with 97% sequence identity. The two species share 98% of protein-coding genes, with an average sequence identity of 97.3% at the amino acid level. Genome comparison identified large continuous parts of the genome (up to several 100 kb) showing almost 100% sequence identity between S. bovis and S. haematobium. It is unlikely that this is a result of genome conservation and provides further evidence of natural interspecific hybridization between S. bovis and S. haematobium. Our results suggest that foreign DNA obtained by interspecific hybridization was maintained in the population through multiple meiosis cycles and that hybrids were sexually reproductive, producing viable offspring. The S. bovis genome assembly forms a highly valuable resource for studying schistosome evolution and exploring genetic regions that are associated with species-specific phenotypic traits.

Published
2019

32. Parameters for effective sand filtration of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae from water.

Author

Braun, Laura, Sylivester, Yasinta Daniel, Zerefa, Meseret Dessalegne, Maru, Muluwork, Alland, Fiona, Zewge, Feleke, Emery, Aidan M., Kinung'hi, Safari, and Templeton, Michael R.

Subjects
SAND filtration (Water purification), SCHISTOSOMA mansoni, CERCARIAE, NEGLECTED diseases, SAND, SCHISTOSOMIASIS
Abstract

Schistosomiasis is a water-based neglected tropical disease that is prevalent in over 78 countries. It affects communities that are reliant on freshwater bodies contaminated with Schistosome cercariae for their daily water activities. Whilst treatment with the drug praziquantel is relatively effective, it does not prevent reinfection. One option for reducing schistosomiasis infection is providing at-risk communities with treated water, thereby reducing contact with cercaria-infested water for activities such as bathing or doing laundry. This study aims to establish design guidance for sand filtration to remove schistosome cercariae from water. Four sand filters were tested, varying from 300 to 2000 µm in sand grain size. Each filter was tested with a sand depth of 20 cm, which was increased until no cercariae were detected in the effluent. The required filter depth to remove 100% of cercariae ranged between 40 and 70 cm depending on sand grain size. Cercaria removal was more effective in filters with smaller sand grain size and larger filter depth. These results are valid for intermittent flow, for up to six cycle flushes. While more rigorous testing is needed, these initial results suggest that sand filters can be an effective way to treat cercariacontaminated water in low-income settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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33. Oxamniquine resistance alleles are widespread in Old World Schistosoma mansoni and predate drug deployment

Author

Chevalier, Frédéric D., primary, Le Clec’h, Winka, additional, McDew-White, Marina, additional, Menon, Vinay, additional, Guzman, Meghan A., additional, Holloway, Stephen P., additional, Cao, Xiaohang, additional, Taylor, Alexander B., additional, Kinung'hi, Safari, additional, Gouvras, Anouk N., additional, Webster, Bonnie L., additional, Webster, Joanne P., additional, Emery, Aidan M., additional, Rollinson, David, additional, Garba Djirmay, Amadou, additional, Al Mashikhi, Khalid M., additional, Al Yafae, Salem, additional, Idris, Mohamed A., additional, Moné, Hélène, additional, Mouahid, Gabriel, additional, Hart, P. John, additional, LoVerde, Philip T., additional, and Anderson, Timothy J. C., additional

Published
2019
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34. Ancient Hybridization and Adaptive Introgression of an Invadolysin Gene in Schistosome Parasites

Author

Platt, Roy N, primary, McDew-White, Marina, additional, Le Clec’h, Winka, additional, Chevalier, Frédéric D, additional, Allan, Fiona, additional, Emery, Aidan M, additional, Garba, Amadou, additional, Hamidou, Amina A, additional, Ame, Shaali M, additional, Webster, Joanne P, additional, Rollinson, David, additional, Webster, Bonnie L, additional, and Anderson, Timothy J C, additional

Published
2019
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35. Oxamniquine resistance alleles are widespread in Old WorldSchistosoma mansoniand predate drug deployment

Author

Chevalier, Frédéric D., primary, Clec’h, Winka Le, additional, McDew-White, Marina, additional, Menon, Vinay, additional, Guzman, Meghan A., additional, Holloway, Stephen P., additional, Cao, Xiaohang, additional, Taylor, Alexander B., additional, Kinung’hi, Safari, additional, Gouvras, Anouk N., additional, Webster, Bonnie L., additional, Webster, Joanne P., additional, Emery, Aidan M., additional, Rollinson, David, additional, Djirmay, Amadou Garba, additional, Al Mashikhi, Khalid M., additional, Yafae, Salem Al, additional, Idris, Mohamed A., additional, Moné, Hélène, additional, Mouahid, Gabriel, additional, Hart, P. John, additional, LoVerde, Philip T., additional, and Anderson, Timothy JC., additional

Published
2019
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36. Ancient hybridization and introgression of an invadolysin gene in schistosome parasites

Author

Platt, Roy N., primary, McDew-White, Marina, additional, Clec’h, Winka Le, additional, Chevalier, Frederic D., additional, Allan, Fiona, additional, Emery, Aidan M., additional, Garba, Amadou, additional, Hamidou, Amina A., additional, Ame, Shaali M., additional, Webster, Joanne P., additional, Rollinson, David, additional, Webster, Bonnie L., additional, and Anderson, Timothy J. C., additional

Published
2019
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37. Whole-genome sequence of the bovine blood fluke Schistosoma bovis supports interspecific hybridization with S. haematobium

Author

Oey, Harald, primary, Zakrzewski, Martha, additional, Gravermann, Kerstin, additional, Young, Neil D., additional, Korhonen, Pasi K., additional, Gobert, Geoffrey N., additional, Nawaratna, Sujeevi, additional, Hasan, Shihab, additional, Martínez, David M., additional, You, Hong, additional, Lavin, Martin, additional, Jones, Malcolm K., additional, Ragan, Mark A., additional, Stoye, Jens, additional, Oleaga, Ana, additional, Emery, Aidan M., additional, Webster, Bonnie L., additional, Rollinson, David, additional, Gasser, Robin B., additional, McManus, Donald P., additional, and Krause, Lutz, additional

Published
2019
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38. Whole genome amplification and exome sequencing of archived schistosome miracidia

Author

Le Clec'h, Winka, primary, Chevalier, Frédéric D., additional, McDew-White, Marina, additional, Allan, Fiona, additional, Webster, Bonnie L., additional, Gouvras, Anouk N., additional, Kinunghi, Safari, additional, Tchuem Tchuenté, Louis-Albert, additional, Garba, Amadou, additional, Mohammed, Khalfan A., additional, Ame, Shaali M., additional, Webster, Joanne P., additional, Rollinson, David, additional, Emery, Aidan M., additional, and Anderson, Timothy J. C., additional

Published
2018
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42. Whole genome resequencing of the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni reveals population history and effects of selection

Author

Crellen, Thomas, primary, Allan, Fiona, additional, David, Sophia, additional, Durrant, Caroline, additional, Huckvale, Thomas, additional, Holroyd, Nancy, additional, Emery, Aidan M., additional, Rollinson, David, additional, Aanensen, David M., additional, Berriman, Matthew, additional, Webster, Joanne P., additional, and Cotton, James A., additional

Published
2016
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45. Differences in the Gene Expression Profiles of Haemocytes from Schistosome-Susceptible and -Resistant Biomphalaria glabrata Exposed to Schistosoma mansoni Excretory-Secretory Products

Author

Zahoor, Zahida, primary, Lockyer, Anne E., additional, Davies, Angela J., additional, Kirk, Ruth S., additional, Emery, Aidan M., additional, Rollinson, David, additional, Jones, Catherine S., additional, Noble, Leslie R., additional, and Walker, Anthony J., additional

Published
2014
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46. Whole genome amplification and exome sequencing of archived schistosome miracidia.

Author

Stothard, J. Russell, Webster, Bonnie L., Le Clec'h, Winka, Chevalier, Frédéric D., McDew-White, Marina, Allan, Fiona, Gouvras, Anouk N., Kinunghi, Safari, Tchuem Tchuenté, Louis-Albert, Garba, Amadou, Mohammed, Khalfan A., Ame, Shaali M., Webster, Joanne P., Rollinson, David, Emery, Aidan M., and Anderson, Timothy J. C.

Subjects
SCHISTOSOMA, GENE amplification, EXOMES, NUCLEOTIDE sequencing, METAGENOMICS
Abstract

Adult schistosomes live in the blood vessels and cannot easily be sampled from humans, so archived miracidia larvae hatched from eggs expelled in feces or urine are commonly used for population genetic studies. Large collections of archived miracidia on FTA cards are now available through the S chistosomiasis C ollection a t the N atural History Museum (SCAN). Here we describe protocols for whole genome amplification of Schistosoma mansoni and S chistosome haematobium miracidia from these cards, as well as real time PCR quantification of amplified schistosome DNA. We used microgram quantities of DNA obtained for exome capture and sequencing of single miracidia, generating dense polymorphism data across the exome. These methods will facilitate the transition from population genetics, using limited numbers of markers to population genomics using genome-wide marker information, maximising the value of collections such as SCAN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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