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The increasing deployment of wind turbines in technologically advanced nations underscores the need to enhance their reliability, extend their operational lifespan, and minimize failures. The current protection devices for wind turbine components do not sufficiently shield them from various external factors that degrade performance. This study addresses the environmental and technical challenges that disrupt wind turbine operations and reviews existing research and technical solutions for protecting individual components, supported by experimental findings. Using a decomposition method followed by the integration of protection components, we propose a combined protection system designed to improve the overall resilience of wind turbines. The proposed system aims to reduce incidents, extend service life, and increase reliability, addressing a critical gap in wind energy technology and contributing to its continued development and efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work is aimed at a comprehensive solution to the problem of reliable and safe operation of a transport energy system with a high energy concentration based on a universal energy carrier - cryogenic liquid hydrogen. The article discusses the possibility of using various methods and techniques to assess the reliability of machines and equipment operated in emergency situations and extreme conditions. The obtained results are analyzed. Currently, the oil and gas complex pays great attention to the development of hydrogen technologies, as well as hydrogen energy in connection with the relevance of the Climate Agenda. In this regard, hydrogen energy facilities are of the greatest interest: cryogenic hydrogen reservoirs, cryogenic hydrogen pipelines, cryogenic oxygen reservoirs and cryogenic oxygen pipelines, as well as cryogenic reservoirs and pipelines for storing process nitrogen gas. An important role for global energy exchange is played by LH 2 tankers for transporting cryogenic hydrogen. For example, Australia and Japan built the first LH 2 tanker to transport hydrogen from Australia to Japan. In addition, another 85 LH 2 tankers are expected to be built. After transportation, cryogenic hydrogen is stored in cryogenic hydrogen storages, usually also representing cryogenic hydrogen tanks with piping in the form of cryogenic pipelines, as well as cryogenic nitrogen tanks for storing process nitrogen gas. Further, hydrogen is used in road transport, aviation, ship fleet, industry, and energy. The main elements of mobile, stationary and airborne hydrogen storage systems are under critical loads and are in the area of increased study and attention. In this regard, we considered the functions of changing the main operational characteristics, made proposals on the possibility of predicting the development of accumulated faults and proposals for ensuring safety and extending the life of objects, taking into account the determination of local and integral damage to cryogenic tanks and pipelines. Project for the creation of a main cryogenic hydrogen pipeline from Azerbaijan to Europe across the Adriatic Sea. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The consequences of emergencies in aviation are significant fatalities and considerable material damage. Ensuring the safety of transport infrastructure facilities is an important strategic task for both the State and the operating organizations. The aviation accident statistics show that for the period from 1950 to 2019 there were 614 occurrences (57% of the total number) due to the human factor (from malice to piloting errors), which actualizes the human-factor problem in the operation and safety of aviation transport. According to the ICAO data, 210 accidents occurred and 641 people were killed in the period 2019–2021. The task of the Aviation Security Service (ASS) employees is the proper performance of duties to ensure safety, prevent abnormal and emergency situations. The assigned duties impose special responsibility on the ASS employees and predetermine their compliance with the specified criteria. The personnel work carried out by the personnel departments of the airlines is aimed at selecting the most appropriate candidates for a position. The article considers the problem of selecting candidates as a task of multi-criteria assessment and selection, where the elements are the criteria (qualities) of a candidate, and their weighted assessments are set by experts. The existing methods of personnel selection in the ASS and the issue of choosing the candidates, who are the most balanced in their personal, qualification and other requirements, are considered. A method of selecting personnel in the ASS is proposed by the method of threshold aggregation of a non-compensatory nature, which has significant advantages over common selection methods by summing points and calculating the arithmetic mean. The results of the study are confirmed by the practical personnel selection of candidates for two airlines, as a result of which the group of ASS inspectors in a growing number, selected by using the threshold aggregation method, passed the probation period more successfully than the group selected by using the summation of criteria points. The results presented in the article allow us to consider the threshold aggregation method of candidates for the airline ASS as a promising method of personnel selection, the purpose of which is to improve the quality of air transport safety, which will reduce the risks of accidents, save human lives and prevent significant material damage.

This article explores the factors influencing the selection and development of an emergency population alert system in the Republic of Moldova. An analysis of modern systems in Eurozone countries is conducted, along with a brief overview of their functioning. Here there are identified main factors influencing the choice of modern alert systems. The article also presents an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of various alert technologies, at the same time it identifies the key requirements for the user interface, including the need for cross-platform software technology.

Introduction Methods Results Conclusions Clinical decision‐making is based on objective and subjective criteria, including healthcare workers impressions and feelings. This research examines the perception and implications of a ‘bad feeling’ experienced by healthcare professionals, focusing on its prevalence and characteristics.A cross‐sectional paper‐based survey was conducted from January to July 2023 at the University Medicine Greifswald and the hospital Sömmerda involving physicians, nurses, medical students and trainees from various specialties. With ethics committee approval, participants were recruited and surveyed at regular clinical events. Data analysis was performed using SPSS® Statistics. The manuscript was written using the Strobe checklist.Out of 250 questionnaires distributed, 217 were valid for analysis after a 94.9% return rate and subsequent exclusions. Sixty‐five per cent of respondents experience the ‘bad feeling’ occasionally to frequently. There was a significant positive correlation between the frequency of ‘bad feeling’ and work experience. The predominant cause of this feeling was identified as intuition, reported by 79.8% of participants, with 80% finding it often helpful in their clinical judgement. Notably, in 16.1% of cases, the ‘bad feeling’ escalated in the further clinical course into an actual emergency. Furthermore, 60% of respondents indicated that this feeling occasionally or often serves as an early indicator of a potential, yet unrecognised, emergency in patient care.This study demonstrates the relevance of clinical experience to decision‐making. As an expression of this, there is a correlation between the frequency of a ‘bad feeling’ and the number of years of experience. It is recommended that the ‘bad feeling’ be deliberately acknowledged and reinforced as an early warning signal for emergency situations, given its significant implications for patient safety. Future initiatives could include advanced training and research, as well as tools such as pocket maps, to better equip healthcare professionals in responding to this intuition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) have become an important tool for humans to explore the ocean. The evolution of AUV is trending towards clustering. At present, research on the intelligent control strategy of AUV mostly focuses on the path following and trajectory tracking. Meanwhile, few studies concentrate on the control of an AUV in emergency situations. In the scenario of network attack, an emergency surfacing is necessary. In case of emergency, the loss of AUV can be reduced by timely and stable surfacing. The superiority of reinforcement learning (RL) in AUV control has been proven by many studies. In this work, we used an improved deep reinforcement learning (DRL) method based on deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) to solve the problem of AUV surfacing control in emergency situations. The method introduces expert experience data for pre-training and changes the update mechanism of the actor network, thereby improving the convergence rate and stability of the algorithm. Furthermore, we simulate the AUV surfacing control in five typical emergency situations, including partial thruster damage and rudder-jamming. Experimental results indicate that our method enables AUV to choose shorter paths in emergency situations, surfacing to the target area. Moreover, the method converges and maintains a stable reward function after training up to 900 episodes, showing faster convergence and stable performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: One of the most important challenges that is considered in process industries to improve performance and increase productivity is the optimization of the incident command system (ICS). It is a standard approach to control and coordinate the management of incidents on the scene. The present study aims to evaluate and prioritize the factors affecting the effectiveness of the ICS using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) methods in process industries in Iran. Materials and Methods: In this research, firstly, a questionnaire was compiled and designed using the AHP method in order to weigh the criteria and prioritize them, and a questionnaire was designed using the DEMATEL method in order to determine the effectiveness and mutual effect of the criteria and sub-criteria. Thereafter, the questionnaires were completed by 15 incident commanders, process industry safety officials, and crisis management activists working in the oil and petrochemical industry. Results: Based on the results, AHP analysis ranked 'command' highest with a standard weight of 0.256. DEMATEL results demonstrated 'command' as the most influential (standard weight of 10.59), effective (11.9), and interactive (21.96) indicator. 'Standardization' (1.35) and 'professionalism' (1.19) emerged as causal factors, while 'command' (-0.50), 'planning/organizational structure' (-1), 'facilities and resources' (-0.18), and 'disability index' were responsive indicators. Conclusion: According to the results of both AHP and DEMATEL methods, the command index assumes critical importance and effectiveness in the success of the incident command system in process industries in Iran.

Introduction: The accurate evaluation of error probability and risk is important. Accordingly, this Comparative study was conducted to evaluate the risk of human error in emergency situations using SLIM and Fuzzy SLIM techniques in fierfighting tasks. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical study was conducted among 12, using Fuzzy SLIM and SLIM techniques. 39 sub-tasks were studied in 4 phases (Awareness, Evaluation, Egress and Recovery). Considering the advantages of the Fuzzy SLIM method, fuzzy logic was used in weighting of performance shaping factors (PSF). Excel software was used to calculate the probability of error. Also, correlation and kappa statistical tests were used for data analysis in SPSS software. Results: The mean and standard deviation of human error probability in different sub-tasks of firefighting in SLIM and Fuzzy SLIM methods were 0.095357 ± 0.026193 and 0.06490 ± 0.051748, respectivly. In 48.7 percent of the sub-tasks, the probability category of human error and the assessed risk were the same; however, in 89.7 percent of the sub-tasks, the estimated level of risk was the same in both methods. Correlation test showed that the correlation coefficient of error probability values between the two methods was 0.32, which indicated a moderate correlation in this regard. Additionally, the results of kappa statistical test for the estimated level of risk showed that there is a high agreement between Fuzzy SLIM and SLIM (P value

The notion of the smart city involves embedding Industry 4.0 technologies to improve the lives of inhabitants in urban environments. Within this context, smart city data layers (SCDLs) concern the integration of extra tiers of information for the purposes of improving communication potential. Under the Industry 4.0 technology grouping, advanced communication technologies, such as virtual reality (VR), further the opportunities to model, recreate, evaluate and communicate scenarios that potentially improve citizens lives at multiple SCDL scales in a smart cities context. The use of added contextual information in SCDLs is of special interest for emergency planning situations at the building scale. In this research, a literature review to understand the current approaches for the use, development and evaluation of VR applications in the context of emergency planning was conducted. The results indicated four main categories of relevant challenges for these types of applications, for which recommendations and a roadmap for VR development are presented. In total, the study identified 10 commonly occurring challenges (e.g., optimization and discomfort) and 19 solution directions (e.g., model construction and spatial directions) in related articles when considering the development of VR for spatial planning and emergency situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current emergency vehicle priority control methods in road traffic net-works are difficult to cope with the increasing traffic demand. Therefore, a traffic control method based on multi-vehicle collaborative lane change strategy, fleet convergence and gap adjustment model is proposed and its effectiveness is verified. These experiments confirmed that the speed of vehicle Cj+1 under strategy 1 showed a positive correlation with time at 0-5s, reaching an extreme value of 16.85 m/s around 4s, and a negative correlation after 5s. Under strategy 2, its speed showed a negative correlation with time at 0-4s, and a parallel relation-ship after 4s. The multi-vehicle col-laborative lane changing strategy was validated. Except for fleet C with a density of +0.0333m-1, the actual adjustment time of vehicle C1 was gradually increasing at all other densities. The maximum time for B1 adjustment was 9.358s, and the maximum time for C1 adjustment was 10.798s. The longitudinal relative dis-placement of C1 was larger than that of B1. In addition, compared with Model T, the research method increased the average vehicle speed by 12.64% under four different flow rates. Compared with Model Y, the average flow rate of the research method under the four experimental flows was 1.45%. Overall, the research method is effective and feasible in the priority selection control of road traffic net-works. It improves the operational efficiency of emergency vehicle sections and can be effectively applied in actual traffic net-works.

Vulnerable group-oriented temporary space design considers the unique needs and challenges specified groups face during emergencies and aims to create a supportive environment that promotes safety, comfort, and accessibility both physically and psychologically. In this study, the vulnerable group was addressed to women, and a literature study was conducted covering the design of temporary spaces in emergencies and the requirements of the identified group. Alternative temporary space designs were analyzed according to criteria determined from the literature study, and examples were examined with the space syntax method via Depthmap software. As a result, it was suggested that the role of architecture is a significant factor in improving the living conditions and welfare of vulnerable groups, especially women in post-disaster environments, considering different socio-demographic structures and many problems can be corrected with the determined design criteria.

The increasing deployment of wind turbines in technologically advanced nations underscores the need to enhance their reliability, extend their operational lifespan, and minimize failures. The current protection devices for wind turbine components do not sufficiently shield them from various external factors that degrade performance. This study addresses the environmental and technical challenges that disrupt wind turbine operations and reviews existing research and technical solutions for protecting individual components, supported by experimental findings. Using a decomposition method followed by the integration of protection components, we propose a combined protection system designed to improve the overall resilience of wind turbines. The proposed system aims to reduce incidents, extend service life, and increase reliability, addressing a critical gap in wind energy technology and contributing to its continued development and efficiency.

Featured Application: The influencing factors can be applied as references to human reliability analysis in the nuclear power plant industry. A nuclear power plant (NPP), as a complex safety-critical system, requires qualified operators working in teams. Interactions between operators in the main control room (MCR) team are important to ensure safe operation. Since communication is the basis of the operators' interactions, team communication is a significant factor affecting teamwork performance. Especially during NPP emergencies, poor team communication may lead to incorrect decisions and countermeasures, causing deterioration toward accidents. Moreover, in an emergency situation, emergency response teams are assembled. This multi-team and critical work condition further emphasizes the need for effective and accurate team communication. We collected the factors influencing team communication in NPP emergencies using a literature review combined with text mining. Our method for extracting the influencing factors consists of four steps; then, by applying topic modeling from text mining, we complemented the influencing factors. The resulting list of influencing factors of team communications for handling NPP emergencies is organized into five elements: individual, team, communication, NPP tasks, and external elements. Discussions on the team communication model, applicability, communication errors, and emergency response teams are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Civil defence systems hold great relevance for criminologists seeking to understand how societies prepare for, cope with, and recover from disasters. This article provides a criminological analysis of civil defence in Kazakhstan, examining the legal frameworks, organizational structures, and systemic factors that shape this country's approach. Utilizing methods such as system analysis, a critical examination is undertaken of Kazakhstan's civil defence policies and practices. The rationality, efficiency, and interagency coordination of civil defence are assessed. Comparisons are drawn with civil defence systems in other nations to derive insights into best practices for strengthening public safety and social cohesion in times of crisis. Recommendations are provided for leveraging criminological training and research to identify gaps, reduce systemic flaws, and enhance service provision around disaster management in Kazakhstan. This criminological analysis aims to spur innovative approaches that strengthen civil defence and its intersections with law and justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of the research was to demonstrate the feasibility of using an application for modeling the evacuation of people, for the decision support process during the development of emergency preparedness plans requiring the evacuation of products from the warehouse. Design/methodology/approach: Pathfinder software was used during the analysis. It allowed mapping the space of an example warehouse and simulating the movement of internal transport (forklifts) in it. The study was conducted for sample scenarios of events requiring evacuation. Findings: Simulations of product evacuation in the warehouse made it possible to determine evacuation times. A categorization of production by value was made, establishing different sequences of their removal from the warehouse. This made it possible to optimize the location of products in the warehouse and the actions of forklift operators during evacuation. These findings can be incorporated into the emergency response plan required in safety management systems. Research limitations/implications: The results of the study refer to a case study company, and the scenarios are specific to the company. However, they exemplify a universal approach to the possibility of supporting emergency planning requiring the evacuation of property. Practical implications: The paper presents a procedure scheme for planning emergency preparedness using evacuation simulation modeling. An example of using human evacuation modeling software to simulate the evacuation of products from a warehouse is presented. Originality/value: The article includes a unique example of using a human evacuation simulation modeling application to model the evacuation of pallets of products in a warehouse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: One of the most important challenges that is considered in process industries to improve performance and increase productivity is the optimization of the incident command system (ICS). It is a standard approach to control and coordinate the management of incidents on the scene. The present study aims to evaluate and prioritize the factors affecting the effectiveness of the ICS using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) methods in process industries in Iran. Materials and Methods: In this research, firstly, a questionnaire was compiled and designed using the AHP method in order to weigh the criteria and prioritize them, and a questionnaire was designed using the DEMATEL method in order to determine the effectiveness and mutual effect of the criteria and sub-criteria. Thereafter, the questionnaires were completed by 15 incident commanders, process industry safety officials, and crisis management activists working in the oil and petrochemical industry. Results: Based on the results, AHP analysis ranked 'command' highest with a standard weight of 0.256. DEMATEL results demonstrated 'command' as the most influential (standard weight of 10.59), effective (11.9), and interactive (21.96) indicator. 'Standardization' (1.35) and 'professionalism' (1.19) emerged as causal factors, while 'command' (-0.50), 'planning/organizational structure' (-1), 'facilities and resources' (-0.18), and 'disability index' were responsive indicators. Conclusion: According to the results of both AHP and DEMATEL methods, the command index assumes critical importance and effectiveness in the success of the incident command system in process industries in Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need to implement projects for the decarbonization of technological processes is relevant in connection with the international climate agenda. To reduce greenhouse gas emissions, especially in Scope 3, carbon sequestration activities are indispensable, which can be implemented in various ways. Of great interest is the creation and implementation of industrial carbon sequestration technologies that use the existing oil and gas infrastructure, and in addition, allow obtaining additional benefits by increasing oil and gas recovery. The implementation of this technology largely depends on the environmental and economic feasibility of the project, which is influenced by the selected technologies for capturing and cleaning gas from impurities, the length of the pipeline to the field, a reasonable injection technology, an emergency monitoring system, and many other factors. For this reason, scientific and practical research in this direction are of practical importance and are quite relevant. The purpose of our study is aimed at reducing the risks of oil and gas companies in the transportation of carbon dioxide from the place of formation to the place of use when injected into the reservoir to enhance oil or gas recovery. The article presents the results of the analysis of possible emergency situations during the transportation of carbon dioxide to the place of injection. Recommendations are given to prevent them, namely, equipping the route of the pipelines being designed with pressure sensors, justifying the reaction time to stop the compressor equipment, which is no more than 6 minutes and the departure of technical specialists to the emergency facility no earlier than 15 minutes after the incident. It is noted that in order to reduce pipeline corrosion and prevent carbon dioxide leaks, it is recommended to comply with the conditions under which the gas is in a supercritical state, in addition, to purify the gas from impurities in the transported carbon dioxide stream and use a corrosion-resistant material for the manufacture of the pipeline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the theoretical and practical aspects of strategic management accounting in the accounting practice of domestic enterprises in the conditions of military operations, and determines its place in the management system as the main source of management information for making strategic decisions in the extremely difficult conditions of the functioning of domestic enterprises in the conditions of military aggression. It is noted that the company's development strategy, including in the crisis conditions of wartime, is implemented with the help of strategic planning - the development of plans, programs, budgets, procedures at the company, as a valuable expression of the organization's actions in the conditions of risks associated with the stay enterprises in the combat zone or the zone of defeat by the enemy's means (missiles, drones, artillery). A researched and systematized list of tasks to be solved by strategic management accounting of enterprises in the conditions of military operations; systematized basic strategic management accounting documents containing information about wartime emergency situations; a toolkit of management accounting is proposed, which allows to formulate the strategy of the enterprise under the conditions of military operations. Goal. The purpose of the study is to determine the place and role of strategic management accounting in the accounting practice of domestic enterprises in the conditions of military operations, the development of tools that allow making management decisions of a strategic nature in the presence of alternatives. Methods. Research methods are general scientific methods of cognition, in particular, the article uses methods of empirical analysis to study the main concepts of research, methods of document systematization; tabular methods for building a structural-logical model of calculations related to the choice of an enterprise strategy in the presence of alternatives; methods of generalization in the process of formulating conclusions. The results. The work proves that today strategic management accounting is one of the functions of strategic management, which provides managers with information about the state of the enterprise and the possibilities of its development in conditions of military risks; the list of tasks to be solved by the strategic management accounting of enterprises in the conditions of military operations has been clarified, its methodical support has been improved taking into account emergency situations of a military nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main results of the creation of the domestic complex “Vizir” for measuring bidirectional spectropolarization reflection coefficients and brightness of natural and artificial objects were presented in the article. Its purpose, composition and main technical parameters were indicated.Spectral-polarization studies of the characteristics of samples that simulates objects (pollution) of natural (forest fires) and man-made (oil spills) emergencies were performed with the help of complex “Vizir” using polarizing nozzles under various conditions (angles of illumination, observation, pollution concentration, the time that passed since the contamination, the degree of wood thermal damage). The results of studies made it possible to increase the accuracy of identification of monitoring objects in emergency zones up to two times.The main provisions of the two developed methods were outlined. The first method was methodology for determination of the controlled parameters of forest fires by means of aviation monitoring, which makes it possible to record the maximum values of the degree of polarization of reflected radiation for coal 30–40 % and for semi-coal 15–20 % in the wavelength range from 0.5 to 0.7 μm. The second one was methodology for determination of the controlled parameters of man-made emergencies with oil spills by means of aviation monitoring, which makes it possible to record the maximum values of the degree of polarization of an oil spill on water: 40–50 % at optimal view angles close to specular in relation to the angle of solar radiation incidence.The developed methods were introduced into the activities of the Ministry for Emergency Situations of the Republic of Belarus to make the right management decisions to eliminate emergency situations and their consequences.

The notion of the smart city involves embedding Industry 4.0 technologies to improve the lives of inhabitants in urban environments. Within this context, smart city data layers (SCDLs) concern the integration of extra tiers of information for the purposes of improving communication potential. Under the Industry 4.0 technology grouping, advanced communication technologies, such as virtual reality (VR), further the opportunities to model, recreate, evaluate and communicate scenarios that potentially improve citizens lives at multiple SCDL scales in a smart cities context. The use of added contextual information in SCDLs is of special interest for emergency planning situations at the building scale. In this research, a literature review to understand the current approaches for the use, development and evaluation of VR applications in the context of emergency planning was conducted. The results indicated four main categories of relevant challenges for these types of applications, for which recommendations and a roadmap for VR development are presented. In total, the study identified 10 commonly occurring challenges (e.g., optimization and discomfort) and 19 solution directions (e.g., model construction and spatial directions) in related articles when considering the development of VR for spatial planning and emergency situations.

Natural disasters such as earthquakes are emergency situations when the fragility of the entire society, especially children, increases. In emergency situations, breastfeeding is crucial due to its unique characteristics: nutrient and bio-immunological content, optimum temperature and readiness for the baby. Ensuring healthy nutrition, maintaining childhood vaccination, preventing infectious diseases, providing sheltering and child safety, and preserving mental health are the basic issues in protecting child health during emergencies. Following the children who have experienced a disaster currently is necessary regarding longterm physical and psychological effects. Moreover, monitoring the growth and development, maintaining the care of children with chronic diseases, and continuity of school attendance are essential under these circumstances. The aim of this article is to present the basic principles of child health protection during emergency situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This topic focuses on the problems that arise in providing medical care to the population during armed conflict or martial law. Under such conditions, hospitals, clinics, and other healthcare facilities have to work in challenging circumstances with limited resources and reduced security for medical personnel. This topic explores such issues as how martial law affects the work of medical institutions, what problems arise in providing medical care to the population in war, how war affects the health of the people, and what consequences it may have in the long term. Research in this area will help to understand how to organize better and prepare medical facilities to work in war conditions and ensure high-quality medical care to the population in emergencies. The methods used to write this article were analysis, synthesis, generalization, explanation, and data qualification. The primary and fundamental sources for writing an article may vary depending on the topic, but generally, the following sources can be recommended. Academic studies: these can be scholarly articles, monographs, dissertations, conference papers, and other materials related to the topic of your article. These sources can help you find information about the latest research in the field and allow you to see the approaches and methodologies used in the studies. Official sources: These can be legal documents, reports, regulations, guidelines, and other materials issued by government agencies, ministries, and other departments. These sources can help you understand the rules and regulations governing your article's topic. Expert reviews: these can be interviews with experts in the field, articles, and other materials written by well-known specialists. These sources can help you understand the views and opinions of well-known experts on the issues related to your paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the study. The article is devoted to the existing system of training of the adult population in the field of civil defense and protection from emergency situations in the Achinsk branch of the regional state educational institution of additional professional education “Institute of Regional Security”. It identifies the main shortcomings of the organization and functioning of this system of training adult learners, suggests ways to eliminate them, and offers suggestions for its improvement. The purpose of the study: to improve the quality of training of adult learners by 40%.Materials and methods. In the course of conducting this research and writing the article, such methods as empirical data analysis, synthesis, questionnaire survey methods, logical and contextual analysis, bibliographic search, SWOT analysis, methods of working with specialized software products and web services, methods of comparison and matching, monographic research, analysis of documents was widely used, testing method, etc. The methodological apparatus of the study is a synthesis of such approaches that allow us to consider the provision of civil protection of the population, its training and education as an interdependent and interrelated system, in the functioning of which both state structures and local self-government bodies participate.The results of the study can be presented in the form of new business processes that will provide an opportunity to increase the percentage of students’ academic performance. The introduction into the educational process of entrance testing, innovative dictation with the inclusion of questions of entrance testing and the material passed, diagnostic and final testing, has clear advantages. The level of motivation of adult learners increases, the possibility of designing and forecasting the educational process at the modern level of education is realized, the possibility of organizing more effective forms of interaction between the lecturer and students, which ultimately leads to the effectiveness of training students in the field of civil defense and protection from emergencies.Conclusion. The system being created in the Achinsk branch of the “Institute of Regional Security” for the introduction of new business processes in the education of adult learners is based on a significant number of arguments, the main of which we present in our paper. We believe that a significant difference between tests and traditional methods of training adult learners is that they make it possible to determine the level of knowledge at the initial stage of training in the field of civil defense and protection from emergency situations, put all trainees on an equal footing. Tests are used as a measuring tool; make it possible to determine the level of assimilation of key concepts. Training students using tests makes it possible to cover several topics and sections of the curriculum at the same time. Further expansion of the range of tools used to assess and ensure the quality of education within the electronic information and educational environment allows you to organize a relatively painless transition for outlying towns and districts to a remote learning format using distance-learning technologies.

The paper shows the occurrence of pressure waves and their propagation in the equipment of the first circuit of the WWER-1000 reactor plant in emergency situations associated with an instantaneous stop of the Main circulation pump or a two-way flow with an instantaneous two-way break in the cold thread of the main circulation pipeline. The influence of the time of initialization of the accident (pump stop, pipeline rupture) on the intensity of the process-amplitude, frequency of pressure changes is investigated. Pressure drops during an emergency on the main elements of the circuit are considered. It is shown that the maximum changes in the amplitude and frequency of both the pressure and the pressure drops on the circuit elements belong to the initial stage of the accident. The main attention is focused on the pressure drops on the equipment, because this parameter determines the dynamic loads on the equipment, which can lead to its failure.

Recently, with the development of IoT, AI, and mobile terminals, medical information platforms are expanding. The medical information platform can determine a patient's emergency situation, and medical staff can easily access patient information through a mobile terminal. However, in the existing platform, emergency situation decision is delayed, and faster and stronger authentication is required in emergency situations. Therefore, we propose an edge computing-based medical information platform for automatic authentication using patient situations. We design an edge computing-based medical information platform architecture capable of rapid transmission of biometric data of IoT and quick emergency situation decision, and implement the platform data flow in emergency situations. Relying on this platform, we propose the automatic authentication using patient situations. The automatic authentication protects patient information through patient-centered authentication by using the patient's situation as an authentication factor, and enables quick authentication by automatically proceeding with mobile terminal authentication after user authentication in emergencies without user intervention. We compared the proposed platform with existing platforms to show that it can make quick and stable emergency decisions. In addition, comparing the automatic authentication with existing authentication showed that it is fast and protects medical information centered on patient situations in emergency situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The work provides a methodology for calculating risks based on the use of a model of the safety of cargo transportation by various types, including sea, transport, and a general model of the emergency development scenario. The considered theory of statistical decisions is intended for the development of recommendations on the rational application of actions in conditions of uncertainty and associated risk. Given that accidents and the risk of emergency situations have a pronounced random nature, the methods of probability theory and mathematical statistics are used to assess risks. Therefore, the article deals with the issue of vehicle accidents and related cases of cargo loss/damage, which are rare events distributed according to the Poisson law. Predicted estimates of the probability of failure of technical means can be determined using the theory of Markov processes. The practical use of the integrated risk assessment methodology allows already at the stage of the initial design of transport and technological schemes of sea freight transportation to evaluate alternative options according to risk criteria and to develop measures to reduce the level of risk in order to increase the safety of transportation and preserve cargo. At the same time, risks are assessed not only under normal conditions of transportation, but also in cases of accidents, which is a mandatory condition when choosing methods and means to minimize losses and negative consequences of accidents and disasters. The results of research on the development, development and improvement of the methodology of integrated risk assessment and ways of managing them in emergency situations to increase the safety of sea cargo transportation are also given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explored the temporary facilities created during the pandemic for use as COVID-19 test centers at Zaventem Airport, the main airport for the city of Brussels, Belgium. The possibilities of modular construction technology and the impact of the building envelope on users' perception of indoor space comfort and privacy were closely observed. The three main problem statements were as follows: (1) the COVID-19 crisis indirectly influenced the creation of temporary modular buildings with glass envelopes; (2) the modular envelope is adaptable to the existing context; and (3) the envelope meets the needs of the users. This study's objectives were to identify the critical factors for users' well-being in temporary modular buildings, and to conduct factor comparisons among different users and between different building-enclosure systems. The study data were collected through a subjective assessment using a SWOT analysis and a survey questionnaire. The glass facade affected the users' acceptance levels of comfort and privacy. The main results show that the users were satisfied with the level of comfort and dissatisfied with the level of privacy. This information can be used to identify areas for improvement and provide useful feedback to designers and engineers about specific design features and operating strategies for temporary modular emergency healthcare buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the results of a study of perforated plates effectiveness to ensure safety in case of emergencies on spacecraft and launch pads. The degree of shock wave attenuation by perforated plates with different permeability coefficients has been studied experimentally and numerically. Experiments were carried out with conical shock tube, which was used to produce spherical shock waves of varying intensity, and perforated plate with a permeability coefficient of 41% and. Shock wave reflection and attenuation coefficients were obtained. To study the qualitative picture of a shock wave interaction with perforated plate, a numerical model using Ansys Fluent was created and verified. The numerical model made it possible to qualitatively evaluate the breakup and coupling of a shock wave front after passing perforated plate. The degree of a shock wave attenuation by plates with permeability coefficients of 29% and 20.6% was numerically studied. It was shown that perforated plates can effectively reduce a shock wave overpressure. • Perforated plates effectively reduce shock wave overpressure. • Shock wave attenuation nonlinearly depends on permeability coefficient. • Perforated plates do not change shock wave positive phase duration. • Shock wave breakup and coupling does not depend on characteristic size of hole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In emergency situations, effective infection control measures are crucial for mitigating the spread of infectious diseases and safeguarding public health. This article examines the principles of preparedness and response planning in the context of infection control during emergencies. Key challenges, including limited resources and vulnerable populations, are identified, highlighting the need for comprehensive strategies. Essential components of preparedness, such as risk assessment, team coordination, and training, are outlined, along with practical response planning strategies for early detection and rapid deployment of infection control measures. Case studies and best practices from past emergencies offer valuable insights, emphasizing the importance of community engagement and transparent communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A nuclear power plant (NPP), as a complex safety-critical system, requires qualified operators working in teams. Interactions between operators in the main control room (MCR) team are important to ensure safe operation. Since communication is the basis of the operators’ interactions, team communication is a significant factor affecting teamwork performance. Especially during NPP emergencies, poor team communication may lead to incorrect decisions and countermeasures, causing deterioration toward accidents. Moreover, in an emergency situation, emergency response teams are assembled. This multi-team and critical work condition further emphasizes the need for effective and accurate team communication. We collected the factors influencing team communication in NPP emergencies using a literature review combined with text mining. Our method for extracting the influencing factors consists of four steps; then, by applying topic modeling from text mining, we complemented the influencing factors. The resulting list of influencing factors of team communications for handling NPP emergencies is organized into five elements: individual, team, communication, NPP tasks, and external elements. Discussions on the team communication model, applicability, communication errors, and emergency response teams are also presented.

This study aimed at describing municipal care personnel's experiences of and actions in situations when older persons need emergency medical services (EMS) at home. An inductive descriptive design adhering to critical incident technique (CIT) was used. Data were collected through interviews and free text written questionnaires, analysed in accordance with CIT procedure. Experiences related to the main areas of Lifesaving competence and Collaborative care. Lifesaving competence involved having sufficient knowledge to guide older persons in emergencies without organizational support. The lack of care alternatives carries dependence on inter-organizational collaboration, as well as having to accept the collaborative conditions provided by the EMS. Actions meant Adjusting to situational needs and EMS authority, which involved safeguarding the person while being directed by the EMS. Lack of organizational support, care alternatives, and structured collaboration jeopardize care-dependent older persons' health, and ability to influence care when emergency situations occur at home. Municipal care personnel's actions as the older person's representative support human agency, allowing older persons to become active participants in care despite acute suffering. This study underlines the importance of further developing welfare policies that facilitate and regulate inter-organizational responsibilities of health and social care to favour older people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents methods for timing the key milestones and timing of the emergency response. A graphic model is proposed that allows you to determine the stage and time of the response process, regardless of the nature of the ongoing processes manifestation. The model allows a detailed analysis the process effectiveness of responding to various emergencies. And it also allows to determine the boundaries of responsibility areas to optimize management decisions of the response process, increasing its quantitative and qualitative values. The presented mathematical models exclude errors in assessing the effectiveness of the response. The developed mathematical apparatus can be used for effective management of emergency response units.