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Amaç: Araştırma Sorun Çözme Terapisine (SÇT) dayalı psikiyatri hemşireliği yaklaşımının ciddi ruhsal belirtiler yaşayan hemşirelik öğrencilerinin ruhsal belirti düzeylerine etkisini incelemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Yöntem: Araştırma, tek grup, ön test-son test uygulamalı yarı-deneysel tasarımda yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın evrenini, 2016-2017 eğitim ve öğretim yılında bir hemşirelik fakültesinde eğitim gören 262 birinci sınıf öğrencisi oluşturmuştur. Veri toplama aracı olarak Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu ve Kısa Semptom Envanteri (KSE) kullanılmıştır. Örneklemi Rahatsızlık Ciddiyet İndeksi (RCİ) puan ortalaması 2.00 ve üstü olan yedi öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Sorun Çözme Terapisi (SÇT), her öğrenciye bireysel olarak, ortalama 40-45 dakika süren yedi-sekiz oturumda uygulanmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde, tanımlayıcı analizler, bağımsız gruplar arası farkın anlamlılığı testi ve Paired Sample Wilcoxon İşaretli Sıralar Testi kullanılmıştır. İstatistiksel önemlilik katsayısı p1.00, n=49) psikopatoloji eğilimi gösterdiği saptanmıştır. Sorun Çözme Terapisi (SÇT) sonrası, örneklem grubunun Kısa Semptom Envanteri (KSE) ve tüm alt boyut belirti toplam puanında, Ek Bulgular (p=0.89, p>0.05) alt boyutu dışında düşüş görülmüştür (p

Diabetes mellitus associated with oxidative stress and inflammation can affect many organs. While the effects of diabetes on many organs are well known and documented, its mechanisms of action on the lung are known far less. Hyperglycemia can lead to lung damage by increasing oxidative stresses and inflammation. Diabetes may be a trigger for pulmonary fibrosis, as studies suggest that there may be an important link between pulmonary fibrosis and diabetes. In this review, the histopathological changes caused by diabetes in the lung tissue were summarized. In addition, changes in the lung due to inflammation, oxidative stress and pulmonary fibrosis mechanisms were evaluated.

Doxorubicin (DOX) is used as an anticancer drug despite its many side effects. Thymoquinone (THQ) is a plant-derived substance that exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. We investigated the protective effects of THQ on DOX induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Rats were divided into five groups of eight: group 1, untreated control; group 2, olive oil group given olive oil intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 14 days; group 3, THQ group given 10 mg/kg THQ i.p. for 14 days; group 4, DOX group given a single dose of 15 mg/kg DOX i.p. on day 7 of experiment; group 5, DOX + THQ given 10 mg/kg THQ i.p. for 14 days and 15 mg/kg DOX i.p. on day 7. Kidney tissues were evaluated for histopathology. Caspase-3, IL-17, GRP78 and TNF-α immunostaining was used to determine the expression levels of these proteins among the groups. The TUNEL method was used to determine the apoptotic index. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and TNF-α and TGF-β1 levels in kidney tissue were measured using ELISA assay. Histopathologic damage, caspase-3, IL-17, GRP78 and TNF-α immunoreactivity, TUNEL positive cells, TOS, TNF-α and TGF-β1 levels were increased in group 4 compared to group 1. The TAS of group 4 decreased compared to group 1. We found decreased caspase-3, IL-17, GRP78 and TNF-α expressions and TUNEL positive cells in group 5 compared to group 4. In rats given DOX, THQ reduced kidney damage by suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation and apoptosis pathways.

We study redistribution in a setting where individual responsibility and circumstance characteristics determine pre-tax income. We distinguish between ex ante and ex post versions of the key principles of compensation and reward. Furthermore, we distinguish between absolute and relative versions of reward. On the basis of these axioms, we provide characterizations of five familiar and two new redistribution mechanisms.

In this study, it was aimed to reveal three-dimensional visual interpretation skills in the example of Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Faculty of Forestry students, one of the most preferred Forest Industry Engineering programs in Turkey. To that end, findings on how the three-dimensional thinking, perception and interpretation skills of Technical Drawing module students taught in the First Term of the Forest Industry Engineering Department changed when they completed the module at the end of the term is chiefly examined. It was aimed to observe the change by questioning the students with two different questionnaires at the beginning and end of the term. Visual figure questions from the two- and three-dimensional perception, comparison and matching of objects, as well as questions assessing their interest in the module and computers were adressed. At the end of the term, the percentage of students who provided the correct answer to the question of matching the views of the parts whose figures were provided increased by approximately 11% from 37.04% to 48.15%. The rate of students who answered all 3D views correctly (i.e. 9/9) in the question in which the 3D view of the object was evaluated from different angles was 63% at the beginning of the term, while this rate increased to 88.88% at the end of the term. The findings revealed that, in the evaluation made at the end of the term, the level of success of the first year university students in thee-views and three-dimensional assessment questions increased compared to the beginning of the term.

A 39-year-old woman presented with a 4-year history of asymptomatic facial lesions that has progressively increased in number to become a cosmetic nuisance. These lesions have not responded to 6-months of topical 20% azelaic acid, 0.1% retinoic acid, and 20% vitamin C combination. She has had mild papulopustular acne. Her personal and family histories were unremarkable. On dermatologic examination, there were multiple flesh-colored to pigmented, firm ovoid to round papules, 2-5 mm in size, over the forehead and both cheeks (Figure 1). The dermatoscopic examination was nonspecific. Preliminary diagnoses were made of eccrine syringoma, steatocystoma multiplex, and papular elastorrhexis. A histopathologic examination from a punch biopsy displayed focal ossification within the dermis (Figure 2). Routine laboratory tests, including serum calcium, phosphorus, PTH, and vitamin D levels were within the normal ranges. A maxillofacial 3D CT scan, revealed multiple dermal and hypodermal ossifications,3-5 mm in size-in the frontal, mandibular, and maxillary areas of the face (Figure 3). Scattered osteomas were also seen on the neck. A definitive diagnosis of multiple miliary osteoma cutis (MMOC) of the face and neck was firmly established based on clinical, histologic, and radiologic findings. Radiologically, the distribution and extent of the lesions were more pronounced than clinically anticipated. (

Cancer is a lethal disease that is characterized by uncontrolled cell division and proliferation, and it results in death in many organisms. Doxorubicin (DOX) is a therapeutic agent used for treatment of many cancer types, but it induces serious hepatotoxicity. In this study, we aimed to determine possible hepato-therapeutic effects of thymoquinone (THQ) on DOX-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Rats were divided into five groups (n = 8): Control, THQ (10 mg/kg/day/i.p for 14 days), Olive Oil (equal volume with THQ for 14 days), DOX (single dose, 15 mg/kg/i.p on 7th day) and DOX + THQ (10 mg/kg/day/i.p and DOX 15 mg/kg/i.p on 7th day). At the end of the experiment, liver tissues were extracted and evaluated histopathologically. eNOS, iNOS and Cas-3 immunostaining were performed to determine the expression levels. TUNEL method was used to determine apoptotic index. Furthermore, liver tissue total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), TNF-alpha and TGF-beta levels were measured by ELISA assay. The DOX group showed histopathological deterioration compared to Control group. Moreover, apoptotic index, eNOS, iNOS and Cas-3 expressions increased in DOX group. While TAS level of the DOX group decreased, TOS level increased. TNF-alpha and TGF-beta levels increased in DOX group. However, there was improvement in DOX + THQ group compared to DOX group. Moreover, apoptotic cell number, eNOS, iNOS and Cas-3 expressions decreased in DOX + THQ group compared to DOX group. We concluded that thymoquinone can be used as a phytotherapeutic for reducing DOX-induced liver damage.

© 2021 The Biological Stain Commission.Methotrexate (MTX) is an anti-neoplastic drug that also causes testicular damage. Vitamin B12 (Vit B12) is a water soluble vitamin that is required for normal metabolism. We investigated Vit B12 as a possible protective agent against testicular damage caused by MTX treatment. We divided rats into four groups: control group, Vit B12 group treated with Vit B12 daily for 15 days, MTX group treated with MTX on day 8, MTX + Vit B12 group treated with MTX on day 8 + Vit B12 for 15 days. Serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone were measured. We also measured proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), connexin43 (Cx43) and the growth arrest- and DNA damage-inducible gene, 153 (GADD153), using immunohistochemical staining. Apoptosis was assessed using TUNEL staining. The MTX group exhibited degeneration of seminiferous tubules; decreased serum testosterone, LH and FSH levels; fewer PCNA positive cells; increased Cx43 expression; and increased GADD153 and TUNEL stained cells compared to the control group. These pathologic findings were substantially reversed In the MTX + Vit B12 group. MTX caused increased endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis via GADD153. Consequently, Vit B12 potentially is a protective agent against damage caused by MTX.

Cutaneous metastasis of gastric cancer is extremely rare. Nodular forms are more common and inflammatory forms are exceptionally encountered. Herein, we report a case of inflammatory cutaneous metastasis of signet-ring cell gastric cancer (poorly cohesive gastric carcinoma with signet-ring cell component) masquerading as livedo reticularis. To our knowledge, such a clinical presentation of cutaneous metastasis has not been reported for gastric cancer. It is imperative to preserve a high index of clinical suspicion for diagnosing cutaneous metastases. Our case highlights the importance of obtaining a skin biopsy in patients with a known history of internal malignancy. Bizarre, newly erupting, evolving, persistent, or treatment-refractory dermatologic lesions (such as nodules, ulcers, erythematous, reticular, or livedoid patches) might be clues for an underlying internal malignancy and require prompt histopathological sampling. Personal medical history, histopathological examination, and immunohistochemical profiling are equally important in distinguishing primary cutaneous carcinomas from secondary metastatic deposits. Early recognition of a cutaneous metastasis might enable appropriate staging and timely intervention, thereby prolonging survival.

The aim of this study is to investigate the therapeutic effects of Chloroquine (CLQ) against Adriamycin (ADR) induced hepatotoxicity. ADR is a chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of many cancer types, but it causes hepatotoxicity. CLQ is used as an anti-inflammatory drug in the treatment of malaria, rheumatoid arthritis, and pneumonia caused by Covid-19. Rats were divided into four groups: Control group, ADR group (2 mg/kg Adriamycin, one in three days for 30 days, i.p.), CLQ group (50 mg/kg Chloroquine, per day for 30 days, i.p.), ADR+CLQ (2 mg/kg Adriamycin, one in three days for 30 days, i.p. and 50 mg/ kg Chloroquine, per day for 30 days, i.p.). Animals were sacrificed, and liver tissues were extracted for further examinations. Histopathological changes in liver tissues were scored and IL-17 immunostaining was performed to determine the expression levels among experimental groups. Bodyweights in the ADR group decreased significantly compared to the Control group and CLQ group. Furthermore, bodyweight in ADR+CLQ group was significantly higher compared to ADR group. The histopathological score was significantly higher in ADR group when compared to Control and CLQ group while CLQ administrations reduced the damage induced by ADR in the ADR+CLQ group. IL-17 immunoreactivity was considerably increased in the ADR group. On the other hand, IL-17 expressions of ADR+CLQ were substantially less compared to ADR group. We suggest that CLQ can be used as a therapeutic agent to reduce the detrimental effects of ADR, thanks to its anti-inflammatory properties.

Background Signs of inflammation including epidermal interface changes, spongiosis and dermal inflammation as well as pagetoid dyskeratosis are rarely described in fibrous papule (FP). We aimed to describe the inflammatory parameters, the rate of pagetoid dyskeratosis, along with CD163 immunohistochemical staining as an adjunctive diagnostic tool in FP. Methods Histopathology samples of all biopsy-proven FP cases were retrieved from archives and investigated for inflammatory parameters, presence of pagetoid dyskeratosis, as well as CD163, CD10 and CD34 immunostaining pattern of dermal spindle/stellate or multinucleate cells (graded from 0 to 4). Results Thirty-two cases of FP were identified. A high rate of inflammatory parameters including interface changes (20/32), spongiosis (31/32), and dermal lymphocytic inflammation (31/32) were detected. Pagetoid dyskeratosis was identified in eight out of 32 cases (25%). A grade 4 staining revealing a strong dendritic pattern was confirmed in all FP cases with CD163 immunohistochemistry including atypical variants such as granular FP, compared with CD10 (11/32) and CD34 (3/32). Conclusion The dendritic cellular proliferation in FP may represent an inflammatory response to various stimuli; pagetoid dyskeratosis is a relatively common and underrecognized epidermal feature and CD163 immunostaining may be used as an adjunctive diagnostic tool in unusual histopathological subtypes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

The aim of this study is to enhance the coating adhesion strength by optimizing the air plasma application parameters. Air-plasma treatment parameters were selected as working distance, treatment s...

Amaç: Bu çalışmada glomerül yapısındaki nefrin ve hipoksi indüklenebilir faktör-1alfa ekspresyonları aracılığıyla karbontetraklorid (CCl4) toksisitesi sonrası L-karnitin’in etkilerinin gösterilmesini amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntem: 40 adet Sprague dawley erkek sıçan 5 gruba (n=8) ayrıldı. Grup I: Kontrol grubu; 0.2 ml zeytinyağı intraperitoneal (ip) haftada 2 kez, Grup II: L-karnitin grubu; 200 mg/kg L-karnitin (ip) haftada 2 kez, Grup III: CCl4 group; 0.2 ml CCl4 (ip) haftada 2 kez 6 hafta boyunca, Grup IV: L-karnitin + CCl4 grubu, haftada 2 kez CCl4 uygulamasından önce 200 mg/kg ip L-karnitin, Grup V: CCl4 + L-karnitin grubu, haftada 2 kez CCl4 uygulamasından 1 saat sonra 200 mg/kg ip L-karnitin. Böbrek doku kesitlerine nefrin ve HIF-1α ekspresyonunu göstermek için immunohistokimya boyama uygulandı. Proteinlerin ekspresyon yoğunlukları ImageJ programında ölçüldü.Bulgular: Nefrin ekspresyonu diğer gruplar ile kıyaslandığında Grup III’de anlamlı olarak arttı. HIF-1α ekspresyonu yalnızca Grup I ve Grup III arasında anlamlı şekilde arttı. Proteinlerin ekspresyon yoğunlukları L-karnitin-tedavili gruplarda kontrol grubuna benzerdi.Sonuç: L-karnitin böbrek glomerulusunda CCl4 toksisitesine karşı hem koruyucu hem tedavi edici etkilere sahiptir., Purpose: In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the effects of L-carnitine after carbontetrachloride (CCl4) toxicity through nephrin and Hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) expressions in the glomerular structure.Materials and Methods: Forty male Sprague dawley rats were divided into 5 groups with animals in each group. Group I: Control group; 0.2 ml olive oil intraperitoneal (ip) twice weekly, Group II: L-carnitine group; 200 mg/kg L-carnitine (ip) twice a week, Group III: CCl4 group; 0.2 ml CCl4 (ip) twice a week for 6 weeks, Group IV: L-carnitine + CCl4 group, 200 mg/kg ip L-carnitine 24 hours before CCl4 twice a week, Group V: CCl4 + L-carnitine group; 200 mg/kg L-carnitine half an hour after CCl4 twice a week. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on kidney tissue sections to show nephrin and HIF-1α expression. Expression densities of the proteins were measured by ImageJ program.Results: Nephrin expression was significantly increased in Group III compared to other groups. There was a significant increase in HIF-1α expression only between Group I and Group III. Expression densities of proteins in L-carnitine-treated groups were similar to control.Conclusion: L-carnitine has both protective and therapeutic effects against CCl4 toxicity in renal glomeruli.

Diabetes mellitus causes structural and functional impairment of the system in the organism by affecting various organs and structures. In this study, we aimed to examine the changes in female rat heart tissue histologically by creating experimental diabetes. 16 female adult rats were used in the study. Rats were randomly divided into two groups as control and 3- month diabetes. The diabetes group was formed from subjects with blood glucose levels above 250mg/dl 72 hours after 40 mg / kg streptozotocin administration. At the end of the experiment, the heart tissues of the subjects were removed and taken into formaldehyde solution. To examine the histological structure, hematoxylin-eosin (H-E) and immunohistochemically neuronal nitric oxide syntahase (nNOS) and inducible nitric oxide syntahase (iNOS) were stained.Heart tissue sections belonging to the control group had histologically normal appearance. In the diabetes group heart tissue sections, vacuolization in some cells and eosinophilic increase in the cytoplasm of some cells were observed. The nNOS and iNOS immunreactivity was observed to be decreased in the diabetes group compared to the control group, but the decrease was not statistically significant. As a chronic disease, DM causes histological damage to the heart tissue. The resulting damage causes a decrease in nNOS and iNOS expression. It is important to maintain NOS enzyme levels in order to protect tissue from the harmful effects of diabetes and ensure normal physiological conditions., Diyabetes mellitus organizmada çeşitli organ ve yapıları etkileyerek sistemin yapısal ve fonksiyonel olarak bozulmasına sebep olur. Bu çalışmada deneysel diyabet oluşturularak dişi sıçan kalp dokusundaki değişiklikleri hstolojik olarak incelemeyi amaçladık. Çalışmada 16 adet dişi erişkin sıçan kullanıldı. Sıçanlar kontrol (n=8) ve 3 aylık diyabet olmak üzere rastgele iki gruba ayrıldı. Diyabet grubu 40 mg/kg streptozotosin uygulamasından 72 saat sonra kan glukoz değerleri 250mg/dl üzerinde olan deneklerden oluşturuldu. Deney sonunda deneklerin kalp dokuları çıkarılarak formaldehid solüsyonuna alındı. Histolojik yapıyı incelemek amacıyla hematoksilen-eozin ve immunohistokimyasal olarak neuronal nitric oxide syntahase (nNOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) boyandı. Kontrol grubuna ait kalp dokusu kesitleri histolojik olarak normal görünüme sahipti. Diyabet grubu kalp dokusu kesitlerinde bazı hücrelerde vakuolizasyon, bazı hücrelerin sitoplazmasında eozinofilik artış olduğu gözlendi. nNOS ve iNOS immunreaktivitesi kontrol grubuna kıyasla diyabet grubunda azaldığı gözlendi, fakat bu azalma istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildi. DM kronik bir hastalık olarak kalp dokusunda histolojik hasara sebep olmaktadır. Ortaya çıkan hasar nNOS ve iNOS ekspresyonunun azalmasına sebep olmaktadır. Diyabetin zararlı etkilerinden dokunun korunması ve normal fizyolojik şartların sağlanması için NOS enzim seviyelerinin korunması önemlidir.

Background: Doxorubicin (DOX) is used for treatment of many cancer types. Thymoquinone (THQ) is a powerful antioxidant agent used for reducing side effects of several drugs. The aim of this study is to determine possible therapeutic effects of THQ on doxorubicin-induced testicular toxicity in rats. Methods: Rats were divided into five groups ( n = 8): control, THQ, olive oil, DOX (a single dose of 15 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.) on seventh day of the experiment), and DOX + THQ (10 mg/kg THQ per day and 15 mg/kg DOX i.p. on seventh day). Animals were euthanized, and testis tissues were evaluated histopathologically. Caspase 3 and HSP90 immunostaining were performed to determine the expression levels of these proteins among groups. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase 2′-deoxyuridine, 5′-triphosphate nick-end labeling method was used for evaluation of apoptotic index. Moreover, serum testosterone levels and total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) in testicular tissue were measured by ELISA assay. Results: The DOX group had histopathological deterioration compared to the control group. There was an increase in apoptotic index, caspase 3 and HSP90 expressions in the DOX group. While TAS level of the DOX group decreased, TOS level increased when compared with the other groups. Serum testosterone levels in the DOX group decreased compared to the control group. However, there was improvement in testicular tissue in DOX + THQ group compared to the DOX group. There was a decrease in apoptotic index, caspase 3, and HSP90 expressions in DOX + THQ group compared to the DOX group. Testosterone level of DOX + THQ significantly increased compared to the DOX group. Conclusion: We suggest that THQ can be used as a protective agent to reduce the toxic effects of DOX.

Aim In order to determine the possible effects of diabetes, we aimed to investigate the expression of extracellular matrix proteins in the theca and granulosa layers in different follicular stages. Methods Thirty-two adult Wistar albino male rats were divided into 4 groups as control and sampled groups. Four, eight and twelve weeks after inducing diabetes with an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg), the expressions of laminin, type IV collagen and α3β1 integrin in ovarian tissues were evaluated by immunohistochemical method. Results In our study, in the first month of diabetes, a significant increase was observed in laminin, type IV collagen and α3β1 integrin expressions in all follicle types compared to the control group in both the theca and granulosa layers. Laminin and type IV collagen immunoreactivity tended to increase in D2 and D3 groups also. Integrin expression did not change in the newly formed follicles in the D2 and D3 groups, however, it tended to change and increase in the developing follicles. Conclusions The changes in the expression of laminin, type IV collagen and α3β1 integrin, which are the extracellular matrix proteins in the follicle, along with diabetes, show that diabetes plays a role in the regulation of follicular development (Tab. 4, Fig. 36, Ref. 29).

Favipiravir, an antiviral agent originally used for influenza infections, has become popular due to its beneficial signals in coronavirus disease. It is currently used in some countries within COVID-19 treatment protocols. This is an initial report of favipiravir-related fluorescence observed in three healthcare providers working in the same ward in our hospital. All three individuals had been diagnosed with COVID-19 two months earlier and were treated with favipiravir. None of the three individuals received hydroxychloroquine or tetracyclines. Wood’s light examination led to an incidental discovery of favipiravir-induced fluorescence involving the sclera, nails, and teeth. In all patients, white linear, square, and band-like specks of fluorescence were noticed on the sclera of both eyes, some teeth, and the proximal part of all fingernails and toenails. Exposure of the eyes to the Wood’s light was for a brief duration of 3 to 5 seconds during examination and photodocumentation. Favipiravir might cause bright white fluorescence of nails, sclera, and teeth, detectable by Wood’s light even two months after its cessation.

Objective: Hypoxia has an important role in the disruption of intestinal mucosal integrity because of inflammation and apoptosis induced by inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-a (Tumor necrosis factor-alpha), IL-6 and IFN-y, and apoptotic regulatory proteins. Chloroquine (CLQ) is a drug used in the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and is widely used for the treatment of many inflammatory diseases such as malaria and rheumatoid arthritis. In this study, we aimed to reduce the destructive effects of hypoxia-induced inflammation and apoptosis in the intestinal mucosa of rats with CLQ applications. Methods: For this purpose, a total of 24 Wistar Albino rats were randomly divided into three groups; Group I: Control group (n=8), Group II: Hypoxia (n=8) and Group III: Hypoxia + CLQ (n=8). The control group was housed in plexiglass cages to keep the oxygen levels at 10% levels for 28 days, while the hypoxia and hypoxia+CLQ groups were housed in a normal atmospheric environment (21% O2), and the hypoxia+CLQ group was administered CLQ at a dose of 50 mg/kg every day for 28 days. At the end of the experiment, the intestinal tissues of the experimental animals, were extracted under the anesthesia and they were sacrificed. Results: As a result of histopathological evaluations, it was determined that CLQ applications showed healing properties on the histopathological effects induced by hypoxia in the intestine. While an increase in TNF-? expression was observed in the hypoxia group, a statistically significant decrease was detected in the hypoxia+CLQ group. In addition, Bax expression was found to be statistically significantly lower in the hypoxia+CLQ group when compared to the hypoxia group. On the contrary, it was observed that Bcl-2 expression was statistically significantly increased in the hypoxia+CLQ group compared to the Hypoxia group. Conclusion: We observed that hypoxia causes significant damage to the intestinal mucosa and triggers a severe inflammation that drives cells to apoptosis. Considering the curative effects of chloroquine on the intestinal mucosa, we suggest that this anti-inflammatory drug has a potential to use clinically to alleviate the deleterious effects of hypoxia in the intestine. © 2022. All Rights Reserved.

Sağlık çalışanları COVID 19 salgınında pandemiye karşı mücadelede aktif çalışmalarını sürdürmektedir. Sağlık çalışanlarının devam eden pandemide desteklenmesi hem kendi sağlıklarının korunması hem de verdikleri hizmetin kalitesi açısından son derece önemlidir. Psikolojik dayanıklılık zorlu yaşam olaylarının ardından yaşama yeniden adaptasyonu ifade etmektedir ve bu pandemi sürecinin zorluklarına karşı sağlık çalışanlarını koruyan bir faktör olarak düşünülmüştür. Bu derleme, pandemi sürecinin sağlık çalışanları üzerindeki psikososyal etkilerini, sağlık çalışanlarının içsel ve dışsal baş etme yöntemlerini, kaynaklarını ve psikolojik dayanıklılıklarını incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Literatürde pandemi döneminde sağlık çalışanlarının iş koşullarının ağırlaştığı, sosyal ilişkilerini sınırladıkları ve ruhsal sorunlar yaşadıkları belirtilmiştir. Kendine yardım becerilerini kullanan sağlık çalışanlarının olduğu belirtilerek online destek programları önerilmiştir.

Emel Öztürk Durmaz,1 Deniz Demircioğlu,1 Pınar Yalınay Dikmen,2 Yasemin Alanay,3 Ahmet Alanay,4 Cüyan Demirkesen,5 Fatma Tokat,5 Ercan Karaarslan6 1Department of Dermatology, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey; 2Department of Neurology, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey; 3Department of Pediatrics, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey; 4Department of Orthopedics, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey; 5Department of Pathology, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey; 6Department of Radiology, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University School of Medicine, İstanbul, TurkeyCorrespondence: Emel Öztürk Durmaz, Acıbadem Maslak Hospital, Büyükdere Caddesi 40, Maslak, Istanbul, 34457, Turkey, Tel +90 (212) 304 46 19, Fax +90 (212) 286 15 66, Email emelerkek@yahoo.comAbstract: CLOVES syndrome is a novel sporadic mosaic segmental overgrowth syndrome, currently categorized under the canopy of PROS (PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum) disorders. All PROS disorders harbor heterozygous postzygotic activating somatic mutations involving the PIK3CA gene. As an upstream regulator of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal transduction pathway, activating mutations of PIK3CA gene commence in uncontrolled growth of cutaneous, vascular (capillaries, veins, and lymphatics), adipose, neural, and musculoskeletal tissues. The excessive growth is segmental, patchy, asymmetric, and confined to body parts affected by the mutation. The term ‘CLOVES’ is an acronym denoting congenital lipomatous overgrowth, vascular malformations, epidermal nevi and spinal (scoliosis) and/ or skeletal anomalies. The syndrome is characterized by an admixture of overgrown tissues, derived mainly from mesoderm and neuroectoderm. Among PROS disorders, CLOVES syndrome represents the extreme end of the spectrum with massive affection of almost the entire body. The syndrome might judiciously be treated with medications hampering with the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal transduction pathway. This article aims at reviewing the cutaneous and musculoskeletal manifestations of CLOVES syndrome, as the paradigm for PROS disorders. CLOVES syndrome and other PROS disorders are still misdiagnosed, underdiagnosed, underreported, and undertreated by the dermatology community.Keywords: CLOVES syndrome, PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum, cutaneous manifestations, port wine stains, lymphangiomas, lipomas, epidermal nevi

© 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.Methotrexate is used for cure of many cancer types. It has many side effects. For this reason, obtaining a nephroprotective agent is obligatory. In the study, our aim is to determine probable effects of Vitamin B12 on MTX caused kidney damages in rats. Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, including 8 animals in each group. Control group, VitB12 group (3 μg-kg-ip B12 throughout 15 days), MTX group (at the 8th day of experiment, a single dose of 20 mg-kg-ip MTX), Vit B12 + MTX group (3 μg-kg-ip B12 throughout 15 days and at the 8th day of experiment, a single dose of 20 mg-kg-ip MTX) Animals were anesthetized and kidney tissues were removed to evaluate biochemically, immunohistochemically and histopathologycally. There were histopathological deteriorations, rises of apoptotic cells, expressions of heat shock proteins, endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation markers in the MTX group. In the MTX group, Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Total Antioxidant Status (TAS) and Catalase (CAT) levels decreased, but Total Oxidant Status TOS, Malondialdehyde (MDA) and interleukin-6 (IL6) levels increased. In addition, there was amelioration in kidney tissue in Vit B12 + MTX group compared to the MTX group. We suggest that Vit B12 can be used to reduce the toxic effects of MTX.

Methotrexate (MTX) is an anti-neoplastic drug that also causes testicular damage. Vitamin B12 (Vit B12) is a water soluble vitamin that is required for normal metabolism. We investigated Vit B12 as a possible protective agent against testicular damage caused by MTX treatment. We divided rats into four groups: control group, Vit B12 group treated with Vit B12 daily for 15 days, MTX group treated with MTX on day 8, MTX + Vit B12 group treated with MTX on day 8 + Vit B12 for 15 days. Serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone were measured. We also measured proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), connexin43 (Cx43) and the growth arrest- and DNA damage-inducible gene, 153 (

SUMMARY: Adriamycin (ADR) is an anthracycline antibiotic used for treatment of many types of cancer. However, its applications may damage to healthy tissues. Chloroquine (CLQ) is an anti-inflammatory agent used in treatment of many inflammation associated diseases such as malaria and rheumatoid arthritis. Moreover, it is used in the treatment of pneumonia caused by COVID-19. The aim of this study is to determine possible therapeutic effects of Chloroquine on Adriamycin-induced testicular toxicity in rats. We investigated the effect of CLQ on testicular injury caused by ADR. Rats were divided into four groups: Control, ADR, CLQ, ADR+CLQ. After administrations, animals were sacrificed, and testis tissues were extracted from the animals for the further examinations. Histopathological changes in testis tissues were evaluated and TNF-α and IL-6 immunostaining were performed to determine the expression levels of these cytokines. TUNEL method were used for evaluation of apoptotic index. Moreover, serum testosterone levels were measured by ELISA assay. We observed that ADR group showed histopathological deterioration when compared to the Control group and CLQ treatment ameliorated this damage induced by Adriamycin.An increase in TNF-α and IL-6 immunoreactivities and in the number of apoptotic cells and a decrease in serum testosterone levels were determined in the ADR group compared to the Control and CLQ group. Furthermore, our examinations showed an improvement in testicular tissue in ADR+CLQ group in terms of these parameters when compared to the ADR group. We suggest that CLQ can be used as a protective agent to reduce the toxic effects of Adriamycin as a result of its anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties.

Although doxorubicin (DOX) is used in many cancer treatments, it causes neurotoxicity. In this study, the effect of thymoquinone (THQ), a powerful antioxidant, on DOX-induced neurotoxicity was evaluated. In total, 40 rats were used and 5 groups were formed. Group I: control group (n = 8); Group II: olive oil group (n = 8); Group III: the THQ group (n = 8); THQ 10 mg/kg per day was given intraperitoneally (i.p.) throughout the experiment; group IV: DOX group (n = 8); On Day 7 of the experiment, a single dose of 15 mg/kg intraperitoneally DOX injected; group V: DOX + THQ group (n = 8); Throughout the experiment, 10 mg/kg THQ per day and intraperitoneally 15 mg/kg DOX on Day 7 were injected. Immunohistochemically, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-17 (IL-17), hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1-alpha), glucose regulatory protein 78 (GRP78), and the gene inducible by growth arrest and DNA damage 153 (GADD153) proteins were evaluated in the brain cortex, medulla, and hippocampus regions. Total oxidant status (TOS) levels and total antioxidant status (TAS) in the brain tissue were measured. TNF-alpha, IL-17, HIF1-alpha, GRP78, and GADD153 immunoreactivities significantly increased in the DOX group in the study. THQ significantly reduced these values. THQ increased the TAS level significantly and decreased the TOS level significantly compared to the DOX group. THQ may play a role as a neuroprotective agent in DOX-induced neurotoxicity in the cortex, medulla, and hippocampus regions of the brain.

Purpose. To determine the protective effects of melatonin (MEL) in acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by Cisplatin (CP), widely used as a chemotherapeutic in the treatment of many cancer types, via assessment of heat-shock proteins (HSPs) levels in rats. Methods. Total 40 Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: Control (n = 10), MEL (n = 10, 10 mg/kg/i.p melatonin for 8 days), CP (n = 10, 7 mg/kg/i.p cisplatin at the 5th day), and CP + MEL (n = 10, 10 mg/kg/i.p melatonin for 8 days and 7 mg/kg/i.p cisplatin at the 5th day). After administrations, animals were sacrificed, and kidney tissues were extracted. Histopathological changes were evaluated and glomerular and tubular immunoreactivities of HSP47, HSP60, HSP7, and HSP90 in renal cortex were detected by immunohistochemistry. Moreover, blood serum BUN, creatinine and uric acid levels were measured to assess of kidney function. Results. CP group showed histopathological deterioration compared to Control group and MEL treatment attenuated this damage. When compared with Control and MEL groups, an increase in HSPs immunoreactivities in renal cortex and blood serum BUN, creatinine and uric acid levels were observed in the CP group. Furthermore, an improvement was observed in the CP + MEL in terms of these parameters compared to the CP group. Conclusion. According to our results, MEL could exert a significant protective effect to ameliorate CP-induced AKI via regulation of heat-shock protein expressions.

Kadına yönelik şiddet önemli bir sağlık sorunudur. Şiddetin kontrol edilemez bir şekilde artması ve toplum ruh sağlığı hizmetlerinde sağlık politikalarının çoğunlukla rehabilitasyon hizmetlerine odaklanması, şiddetin etkileri ile mücadeleyi öne çıkarmaktadır. Şiddet davranışları benzerlik gösterse de her kadının deneyimi kendine özgüdür, bu nedenle sağlık hizmetlerinin de bireye özgü olması gerekmektedir. Tidal (Gel- Git) Model ruh sağlığı hizmetlerinde, bireyselliği önemseyen bir iyileşme modelidir. Bu nedenle bu derlemede “Şiddet gören kadınlara Tidal Modele dayalı hemşirelik bakımı verilebilir mi?” sorusundan yola çıkılarak, Tidal (Gel- Git) modelin uygunluğu değerlendirilmiştir. Kadınlara yönelik aile içi şiddet ve eş şiddeti incelenmiştir.

We develop a normative approach to the measurement of inequality of opportunity. That is, we measure inequality of opportunity by the welfare gain obtained in moving from the actual income distribution to the optimal income distribution of the total available income. Our study brings together the main approaches in the literature: we axiomatically characterize social welfare functions, we obtain prominent allocation rules as their optima, and we derive familiar classes of inequality of opportunity measures. Our analysis captures moreover the key philosophical distinctions in the literature: ex post versus ex ante compensation, and liberal versus utilitarian reward.