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This study was performed to evaluate the radioprotective and anticancer effect of banana peels extract on male mice. Sixty male mice weighted 18- were used, the animals divided equally into six groups as follow first group act as normal , second group (Tumor control) implanted with Ehrlich tumor, third group ,irradiated group exposed to single dose of 3.0 GY of gamma rays, fourth group (banana peels extract 300 mg/kg/day orally for 3weeks, fifth group (tumor implanted + banana peels extract 300 mg/kg/day orally for 3weeks, sixth group (irradiated with dose 3.0 GY gamma+ 300 mg/kg/day for 3 weeks). At the end of experiment mice were sacrificed by anesthesia and the blood were collected to evaluate biochemical parameters (Complete Blood Count (CBC), Carcino embryonic antigen,(), Malonaldehyde (), Molecular study, electrophoretic assayed. The results showed that banana peels extract ameliorate the alteration in in irradiated and tumor group, and significantly decrease p≤0.05 the elevation of Carcino embryonic antigen in tumor implanted group, significantly decrease the elevation of Malonaldehyde in tumor implanted group and irradiated group. According to protein fractions and western blotting data it could be concluded that, addition banana peels extract consider a crucial impact for Irradiation dose which cleared through huge increase of Polymorphism % for addition banana peels extract (20%) comparing with to Irradiation treatment which didn’t reflect polymorphism. Furthermore, noticeable stimulation for P53 expression level was detected for applying banana peels extract and Irradiation as Compound dosage.

Cigarette smoking is known to be associated with the risk of developing certain types of cancers, cardiovascular diseases and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. This study was aimed at evaluating the risks of certain types of cancers, cardiovascular diseases and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases in smokers. A total of 90 subjects were recruited for this study. This comprised 60 male smokers and 30 male non-smokers within the age range of 18 and 65. The levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were determined using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique. Smokers had significantly higher levels of CEA compared with non smokers P0.05). However, a strong correlation existed between duration of smoking and the mean levels of CEA (r = 0.296) and cTnI I (r = 0.170) while a negative correlation was observed between the duration of smoking and the mean levels of TNF-α (r = -0.073). The highest serum CEA and cTnI levels were obtained in moderate smokers and the highest serum TNF-α level was observed in heavy smokers. This work suggests that smokers have increased levels of CEA and may regularly face the risk of certain types of cancers.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of carcinoerembryonic antigen in patients with rectal cancer and correlate its baseline with the degree of therapeutic pathomorphosis after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.Materials and methods. An estimate of the informative value of carcinoerembryonic antigen (CEA) indices in 179 patients with colorectal cancer determined before and after preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in SOD 50 Gy.Results. Analysis of the results presented in the study showed that in all patients, CRT caused a significant decrease in the level of CEA (–71%) 10 weeks after its end (p < 0.001). In the course of the pathomorphological study, after the neoadjuvant treatment, the first degree of tumor pathomorphism was recorded in 4.5% of patients, II – 38.5%, III – 45%, IV – 12% (the degree of pathomorphosis is not related to the clinical stage and the degree of differentiation of colorectal cancer). It was revealed that patients with III and IV degrees of therapeutic pathomorphosis initially had a CEA level lower, in comparison with patients with grade I-II. Clinical progression of the disease is diagnosed in 24% of cases (43/179). It was noted that in patients with the IV degree of therapeutic pathomorphism of the tumor, no recurrence of the rectal cancer was detected in either case.Conclusion. The results of the study showed that the problem of individual prediction of the effectiveness of combined treatment of the rectal cancer remains very relevant, rather complicated and yet not completely solved. However, it can be assumed that the use of such an indicator as CEA in monitoring patients after the treatment, can serve as a criterion for the sensitivity of colorectal cancer to CRT. Initially low antigen level can be considered as a positive factor of tumor response to ongoing treatment and disease-free survival of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.

At present, many researchers focused on the point-of-care testing (POCT), a method of disease markers detection without large-scale instruments and specialized persons. However, most POCT diagnostic methods were suffered from poor detection sensitivity or inefficiency in quantitative detection. Herein, we developed a newly QD-immune fluorescence test strips (QD-IFTS) based on quantum dots (QDs) as the fluorescence nanocarrier to prepare the immune fluorescence probes in the classical immunochromatography detection system for sensing carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA), a kind of glycoprotein produced by intestinal tissue and a broad spectrum of tumor marker for cancer diagnosis. And we designed a homemade strips fluorescence reader for detection of fluorescence intensity of QDs on the QD-IFTS. Under the optimized reaction conditions, chromatographic time of the newly QD-IFTS was only 25 min, sample volume of the newly QD-IFTS was only 40 μL and the LOD of the newly QD-IFTS was 0.72 ng/mL. In addition, the efficiency and robustness of the newly QD-IFTS were confirmed by successfully application in 300 clinical serum samples, and the results revealed great potential in clinical POCT of other biomarkers.

This article presents a general experimental protocol for programmable one-pot oligosaccharide synthesis and demonstrates how to use Auto-CHO software for generating potential synthetic solutions. The programmable one-pot oligosaccharide synthesis approach is designed to empower fast oligosaccharide synthesis of large amounts using thioglycoside building blocks (BBLs) with the appropriate sequential order of relative reactivity values (RRVs). Auto-CHO is a cross-platform software with a graphical user interface that provides possible synthetic solutions for programmable one-pot oligosaccharide synthesis by searching a BBL library (containing about 150 validated and >50,000 virtual BBLs) with accurately predicted RRVs by support vector regression. The algorithm for hierarchical one-pot synthesis has been implemented in Auto-CHO and uses fragments generated by one-pot reactions as new BBLs. In addition, Auto-CHO allows users to give feedback for virtual BBLs to keep valuable ones for further use. One-pot synthesis of stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 (SSEA-4), which is a pluripotent human embryonic stem cell marker, is demonstrated in this work.

Here, we described a simple and sensitive colorimetric method for the detection of carcinoma embryonic antigen (CEA), which was based on the phenomenon of salt-induced gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) aggregation and the conformation change of CEA's single-stranded DNA aptamer modified with a sulfhydryl group. Because of the reaction between the thiol group and AuNPs, the aptamer could bind to the surface of AuNPs strongly. AuNPs modified with aptamer had good stability in a high concentration of saline solution because of the repulsion of negative charges among the aptamers. In the presence of CEA, the aptamer tended to form a CEA-aptamer duplex instead of binding to the surface of AuNPs. As a result, the AuNPs changed its color from red to blue easily due to the salt-induced aggregation in the presence of CEA. Accordingly, the CEA was detected using this method. By adjusting the amount of the aptamer and NaCl added, a sensitive linear range for CEA was obtained. Under the optimum conditions, the detection limit for CEA was 3 ng mL−1. This rapid, label-free assay using colorimetric method showed high sensitivity for CEA detection, which made it a practical way in some cancer biomarker detections.

Circulating biomarkers have emerged as promising non-invasive, real-time surrogates for cancer diagnosis, prognostication and monitoring of therapeutic response. Emerging data, however, suggest that single markers are inadequate in describing complex pathologic transformations. Architecting assays capable of parallel measurements of multiple biomarkers can help achieve the desired clinical sensitivity and specificity while conserving patient specimen and reducing turn-around time. Here we describe a plasmon-enhanced Raman spectroscopic assay featuring nanostructured biomolecular probes and spectroscopic imaging for multiplexed detection of disseminated breast cancer markers cancer antigen (CA) 15-3, CA 27-29 and cancer embryonic antigen (CEA). In the developed SERS assay, both the assay chip and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) tags are functionalized with monoclonal antibodies against CA15-3, CA27-29 and CEA, respectively. Sequential addition of biomarkers and functionalized SERS tags onto the functionalized assay chip enable the specific recognition of these biomarkers through the antibody-antigen interactions, leading to a sandwich spectro-immunoassay. In addition to offering extensive multiplexing capability, our method provides higher sensitivity than conventional immunoassays and demonstrates exquisite specificity owing to selective formation of conjugated complexes and fingerprint spectra of the Raman reporter. We envision that clinical translation of this assay may further enable asymptomatic surveillance of cancer survivors and speedy assessment of treatment benefit through a simple blood test.

Background: We examined the clinicopathologic features and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels of the colorectal carcinoma patients at Hue University Hospital and Hue Central Hospital. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation between the pre-operative CEA levels from the post-operative CEA level and the clinicopathologic features in colorectal carcinomas. Materials and methods: From May 2011 to April 2012, samples were collected from 87 colorectal carcinoma patients. The pre-operative and post-operative samples from peripheral blood of the patients were collected to quantity of CEA level by sandwich principle. Results: Most patients were among the age of ≥70; 36.8% of cases. The medium age at presentation was 61.2±15,2. 36.8% (n=32) of the carcinomas were located in rectum and 19.5% in sigmoid colon. The great majority of cases were non-mucinous adenocarcinoma (90.8%). 48,1% of cases with pre-operative CEA level were higher normal level. The medium level of pre-operative CEA was 11.2±16.8 ng/l. Dukes B, C and D classification were 85.1%; 5.7% and 9.2% of cases, respectively. Compared with the pre-operative CEA level, post-operative CEA level was reduced (r = 0.604; p = 0.002). Conclusions: We found that there was a significant relation between pre-operative CEA level from post-operative CEA level (p

The presence of Tissue Polypeptide Antigen (TPA) and Carcino-embryonic Antigen (CEA) in serial sections of 32 breast carcinomas and one case of neurofibrosarcoma was demonstrated by immunocytochemistry using the indirect peroxidase technique. The neurofibrosarcoma was negative for TPA and CEA. All 32 specimens of breast cancer were positive for TPA and/or CEA. In 12 cases the staining was strongly positive for both TPA and CEA. In other cases either TPA or CEA was more abundant in the tumor. The overall concordance of staining was 58%, which is in relative agreement with the correlation between values for TPA and CEA in serum from patients with breast cancer. The finding that in addition to the difference between tumors, there was a difference within tumors was interesting. This indicated that TPA and CEA may be synthesized during partly different phases of the proliferative cycle.

Zusammenfassung Der Nachweis einer carcino-embryonalen antigenahnlichen Immunreaktivitat im menschlichen Sperma Eine Substanz, die im Radioimmunoassay fur carcinoembryonales Antigen (CEA) erfast wird, wurde in normaler menschlicher Samenflussigkeit gefunden. Ihre Konzentration betragt im Mittel 118 ng/ml. Sie ist unabhangig von der Spermatozoenzahl und auch bei Verschlusazoospermie in gleicher Hohe auffindbar. Sie ist dem Tumor-CEA von Coloncarcinomen immunologisch ahnlich, wie anhand der Parallelitat der Verdunnungskurven dargestellt wird. Gelchromatographisch wird sie ebenfalls im gleichen Bereich wie iodiertes CEA gefunden.

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate whether or not serum carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA), alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) can be used as potential biomarkers for colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis. Materials and Methods: Forty-six patients with pathology or cytology confirmed CRC and 36 cases with non-malignant colorectal disease (NMCD) were included in this retrospective study. The serum level of CEA, AFP and CA19-9 were arrayed and recorded for the two groups. The diagnosis sensitivity, specificity and area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve for serum CEA, AFP and CA19-9 were calculated by the STATA-10.0 software. Results: We found that serum CEA, AFP and CA19-9 level in CRC patients were significantly higher than in NMCDs cases (all P < 0.05). The diagnosis sensitivity of CRC for CEA, AFP and CA19-9 were 80.43%, 73.91% and 69.57%; the diagnosis specificity of CRC for CEA, AFP and CA19-9 were 75.00%, 69.44% and 61.11%. The areas under the ROC curves for CEA, AFP and CA19-9, were 0.88, 0.78 and 0.77 respectively. Conclusion: These findings suggest that serum CEA, AFP and CA19-9 may be a useful biomarker for diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma against NMCD.

This paper describes an efficient synthesis of the β-2-trimethylsilylethyl glycoside of lacto- N -fucoheptaose based on a highly stereo- and regioselective glycosylation between a Lewis x trisaccharidic donor and a tetraol tetrasaccharidic acceptor. The title compound was characterized by high-resolution NMR spectroscopy.

Carcino Embryonic Antigen (CEA) and Cancer Antigen 15.3 (CA15.3) are the most common tumor markers in breast cancer patients. Measurement of circulating tumor markers is a non-invasive quantitative method. Serum levels of CEA and CA 15.3 were studied in female breast cancer patients prior to treatment. To evaluate the utility of these markers, 207 Breast carcinoma patients belonging to all the stages were considered. Healthy age matched 75 female individuals formed the control group. The serum levels of CEA and CA 15.3 were analyzed by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results were taken and compared with stages, tumor size, node and grade. The serum CA 15.3 levels were significant in all the study parameters whereas serum CEA levels showed no significant changes with any of the parameters. Measurement of serum CA 15.3 levels showed significant correlation (24.8%) with advanced stages and larger tumor sizes, whereas serum CEA levels did not show any significant correlation in breast cancer patients prior to treatment.

Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) can be propagated in vitro on the feeders of mouse embryonic fibroblasts. In this study, we found growth inhibition of mESCs cultured on embryonic fibroblast feeders derived from different livestock animals. Under the same condition, mESCs derived from mouse embryonic fibroblast feeders were seen on the mass-like colonies and round or oval images, and more significant growth in the total number of colonies ( p

The European Directive 98/79/EC on in vitro diagnostic medical devices (IVD) regulates the marketing and post market surveillance of IVD in the European Economic Area. In cases of incidents and field corrective actions the manufacturers have to inform the responsible Competent Authorities (CA). In Germany, the Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM) is the responsible CA for most IVD. In this study all notifications regarding IVD (tests, calibrators, kits, and control materials, except laboratory analyzers) for tumor diagnostics received by the BfArM between begin 1999 until end of 2010 were analyzed. All notifications were analyzed in respect to the type of product, the source of notification, the underlying product defects and the corrective actions performed. In the observation period, a total of 2,851 notifications were received of which 84 were related to IVD for tumor diagnostics included in this study (clinical chemistry – 63, histology – 6, molecular biology – 3, rapid tests – 12). Reports were received from manufacturers (68 cases), CA (8 cases), users (4 cases) and other sources (4 cases). In the group of IVD based on clinical chemistry means, the affected products were mostly those for the measurement of prostate specific antigen (PSA, 14 cases), human chorion gonadotropine (13 cases), carcino embryonic antigen (6 cases), CA 19–9 (6 cases), α1-fetoprotein (6 cases) and CA 125 (5 cases), whereas in test strips 9 out of the 12 notifications were related to PSA. Investigations of the manufacturers were able to identify the underlying root causes of product failures in 66 cases (78.6%). In 10 cases (11.9%) the root cause remained unclear and in 6 cases and 2 cases (7.1% and 2.4%) a product failure was excluded or a user error was the underlying cause. Most common root causes of product failures were material defects (24 cases) and manufacturing errors (15 cases). Corrective actions were performed by the manufacturers in 64 cases (76.2%) and were predominantly (multiple entries possible) customer information (62 cases, mandatory in case of a recall), recalls (45 cases), modifications in production or quality management (45 cases) and design changes (14 cases). The obtained results suggest that the system for post marketing surveillance of IVD is an established tool to enhance product safety and provides valuable information on product specific problems serving for improvement of product safety.

Background The present paper is a first evaluation of the use of "CEAwatch", a clinical support software system for surgeons for the follow-up of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. This system gathers Carcino-Embryonic Antigen (CEA) values and automatically returns a recommendation based on the latest values. Methods Consecutive patients receiving follow-up care for CRC fulfilling our in- and exclusion criteria were identified to participate in this study. From August 2008, when the software was introduced, patients were asked to undergo the software-supported follow-up. Safety of the follow-up, experiences of working with the software, and technical issues were analyzed. Results 245 patients were identified. The software-supported group contained 184 patients; the control group contained 61 patients. The software was safe in finding the same amount of recurrent disease with fewer outpatient visits, and revealed few technical problems. Clinicians experienced a decrease in follow-up workload of up to 50% with high adherence to the follow-up scheme. Conclusion CEAwatch is an efficient software tool helping clinicians working with large numbers of follow-up patients. The number of outpatient visits can safely be reduced, thus significantly decreasing workload for clinicians.

Bevacizumab-containing treatment is one of the approved first-line options for the management of metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). Carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) is a reasonable tumour marker for monitoring the efficacy of treatment. We report here a case of a 58-year-old male patient with metastatic CRC. He received first-line chemotherapy consisting of the mFOLFOX6 regimen plus bevacizumab. Initially he had an increase in CEA after which the level reduced, suggesting the occurrence of a CEA flare. The patient experienced a good response to therapy. In recent literature, CEA flare was identified as a good predictor of response to first-line chemotherapy.

A versatile total synthesis of sialylgalactosylgloboside (SGG, 1), carrying the stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 (SSEA-4) is reported, illustrating a more general strategy for the synthesis of complex globo-series glycosphingolipids. Starting from readily available building blocks 7, 8, and 10, two different approaches to the synthesis of the key tetrasaccharide 6 have been developed in a highly convergent manner. Further glycosylations with galactosyl trichloroacetimidate (5) and sialyl phosphite (2) donors successively afforded the penta- and hexasaccharides 3 and 11. The latter was finally converted into the target molecule (SGG, 1) with the help of a azidosphingosine glycosylation procedure, favored in this case by the stereocontrolling properties of the 2a-O-pivaloyl protecting group. Valuable intermediates 6 and 3, having the oligosaccharidic skeletons of Gb4 and Gb5 (SSEA-3), respectively, were obtained in the course of the synthesis.

This paper describes an efficient synthesis of the β-2-trimethylsilylethyl glycoside of lacto- N -fucoheptaose based on a highly stereo- and regioselective glycosylation between a Lewis x trisaccharidic donor and a tetraol tetrasaccharidic acceptor. The title compound was characterized by high-resolution NMR spectroscopy.

治癒切除術後2年以上経過観察しえた大腸癌147例のうち再発例 (41例, 27.9%) を対象とし, 初回治療時の臨床病理学的特徴と再発の早期診断法を検討した, 再発41例の内訳は結腸癌18例 (43.9%), 直腸癌23例 (56.1%) で, 再発様式は血行再発が28例 (68.3%) と最も多く (1例は局所再発を合併), 大腸癌取扱い規約による壁深達度s (a2) 以上, n (+), ly (+), stage III・IV症例に多かった.局所再発は14例 (34-2%) であり (1例は血行再発を合併), 中分化腺癌, n (+), ly (+), stage III・IV症例に多かった.血行再発と局所再発はそれぞれ89.3%, 85.7%の症例が2年以内に再発し, carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) slope analysisでは局所再発より血行再発でslope値が高かった.CEA値上昇は画像診断より平均3.28か月前にみられ, 再発の診断にはCEA値の追跡が最も有用であった.直腸癌では腫瘤触知などの臨床所見も有用であった.再発41例の術後3年生存率は20.3%で再発様式による予後の差はなかった.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent and aggressive neoplasms. It is the second leading cause of death from cancer in the United States and is a significant overall health problem. Tumor markers are substances synthesized and excreted by tumor tissues that can be detected in abnormal concentrations in serum, urine, and other body fluids. Two such markers, Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), are useful in the diagnosis, prognosis and management of colorectal carcinoma. This study attempted to evaluate the clinical and prognostic value of the two markers using forty patients with CRC and ten healthy persons as a control group. All patients with CRC showed highly significant increases in CEA and CA-19-9 compared to the control group (p

e18551 Background: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) includes conventional and combined SCLC. Combined SCLCs are about 28% of SCLCs who were received surgical resection, but it is reported only about 1...

A versatile total synthesis of sialylgalactosylgloboside (SGG, 1), carrying the stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 (SSEA-4) is reported, illustrating a more general strategy for the synthesis of complex globo-series glycosphingolipids. Starting from readily available building blocks 7, 8, and 10, two different approaches to the synthesis of the key tetrasaccharide 6 have been developed in a highly convergent manner. Further glycosylations with galactosyl trichloroacetimidate (5) and sialyl phosphite (2) donors successively afforded the penta- and hexasaccharides 3 and 11. The latter was finally converted into the target molecule (SGG, 1) with the help of a azidosphingosine glycosylation procedure, favored in this case by the stereocontrolling properties of the 2a-O-pivaloyl protecting group. Valuable intermediates 6 and 3, having the oligosaccharidic skeletons of Gb(4) and Gb(5) (SSEA-3), respectively, were obtained in the course of the synthesis.