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This study aims to trace the possible fate of the family of the High Priest of Ptah after the Roman conquest in 30bce. The mysterious death of Imhotep / Padibastetivcreated a clear rupture in the succession line. At first, Roman authorities seemed to hesitate to appoint a new high priest of Memphis, for various reasons, and thus waited almost three years to install Pasherienamunii, the first cousin of Imhotep / Padibastetiv, at the temple of Ptah. This occurred simultaneously with the creation of new priestly office: “prophet of the son of Caesar.” However, the embalmed body of Imhotep / Padibastetivremained unburied until 23bce, which might indicate previous dysfunctional mutual relations between the primary and the secondary branches of the same family.

During the autopsy of forensic cases, when there is no suspicion of drug use or chemical exposure, biological fluids may not be obtained for toxicological analysis, while specimens of tissues may be collected and preserved in a formalin solution for histological examination. When specific questions arise after the burial, the only possible options are the exhumation of an embalmed body or the toxicological analysis of the formalin-fixed specimens. The drug concentrations in these specimens can be altered due to the extraction efficiency and/or the chemical activity of the formalin solutions used during chemical fixation or embalming process. The aim of this paper is to review the published studies about the determination of specific groups of drugs in formalin-fixed or embalmed specimens and their stability after chemical fixation or embalming process. The analytical aspects of this determination are also discussed. The stability of drugs in formalin environment and the possible reaction of the drugs with formaldehyde, which is a highly reactive chemical substance, should always be considered during post-mortem/post-embalming forensic analysis. The additional analysis of the formalin solution in which the tissue was preserved is considered necessary. The identification and the evaluation of the possible degradation products or chemical derivatives are extremely useful during the interpretation of the results.

Occasionally, the only postmortem samples available for analysis are contaminated with formaldehyde, either due to embalming prior to sampling or because analysis is carried out only when formalin-fixed tissues retained for histological study are available. Formaldehyde reacts with several drugs of forensic interest that contain either a primary or a secondary amine group to form their N-methyl derivatives. We investigated the stability of 3,4-methylenedioxymethampetamine (MDMA), 4-methylmethcathinone (mephedrone) and 3-trifluromethylphenylpiperazine (3-TFMPP) in formalin solutions using three different formaldehyde concentrations (5, 10 and 20%) and three different pHs (3.0, 7.0 and 9.5). Analysis was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection to determine the percentage degradation of each drug over time, up to 60 days. MDMA, mephedrone and 3-TFMPP are unstable in formalin solutions, with the degradation rate increasing with increasing pH. After 28 days in 20% formalin, pH 9.5, there remained 57% of the initial 3-TFMPP concentration, 11% of the initial MDMA concentration and 4% of the initial mephedrone concentration. Forensic toxicologists should be aware that, when analyzing for these drugs in an embalmed body or in tissues stored in formalin solutions, the methylated form of the secondary amine-containing drug could be a more useful analyte than the parent drug.

RECEBIDO EM 22 MAR 2016 APROVADO EM 29 ABR 2016 O presente artigo propoe a analise ficcionalda construcao do corpo de Evita no romance SantaEvita, de Tomas Eloy Martinez, tendo como foco adecisiva atuacao narrativa baseada nas experienciasrecuperadas tanto do corpo vivo quanto do corpoembalsamado de Evita, presentes nesse romance.Assim, o objetivo deste artigo e pesquisar a maneiracomo o narrador-pesquisador Tomas Eloy Martinezconstroi uma historia ficcional baseada no corposequestrado de Evita Peron. // This article proposes the analysis of the fictional construction of Evita’s body in the novel Santa Evita, written by Tomas Eloy Martinez, focusing on the narrative decisive action based on the recovered experiences of the living body and embalmed body of Evita, both present in this novel. The aim in this article is to research the way how the narrator and researcher, Tomas Eloy Martinez, builds a fictional story based on the kidnapped body of Evita Peron. DOI: 10.12957/abusoes.2016.25726

This article questions the emphasis on presence within material culture studies, using the example of a new burial landscape where the UK’s now conventional mortuary culture is often missing. The authors ask how the absences initiated by a death are articulated or materialized when body disposal and memorialization occur outwith a delineated boundary and identifiable buildings, a grave marked with head and kerb stones, and an embalmed body in a hardwood casket. Exploring data generated through an ESRC-funded project, the article examines tensions between the Natural Burial Movement’s goals and the practices of particular natural burial ground owners, managers and bereaved users. These practices, the authors argue, reflect the layers of competing orientations towards the landscape and nature that those involved in natural burial are heir to. In this way, the article draws out the ambiguities and contradictions implicit within the social practices that constitute natural burial and the landscapes within which it occurs.

The skeletons of 2 famous acromegalic giants: Charles Byrne (1761-1783) and Henri Cot = Joseph Dusorc (1883-1912) and the embalmed body of the famous acromegalic giant A parts per thousand douard Beaupr, (1881-1904) all ended up in the medical collections of museums despite the fact that these patients had never donated or even refused to donate their corpses, nor had their relatives given permission. The corpse of the acromegalic giant John Aasen (1890-1938) was voluntarily donated to a physician annex collector of trivia from acromegalic giants. The autopsy on the acromegalic giant John Turner (1874-1911) was performed during his funeral ceremony without the relatives being informed. Only recently, the acromegalic giant Alexander Sizonenko (1959-2012) was made a financial offer during his life in exchange for his body after his death. The case-histories of these 6 patients and also the circumstances that led to the (in-) voluntary donation of their bodies are reviewed.

For thousands of years, ancient Egyptians carefully mummified the bodies of their dead in readiness for the afterlife. But the origins of the ritual are still shrouded in mystery. A team of chemists and Egyptologists has now carried out the first chemical analysis of embalming compounds from an intact prehistoric mummy, kept at the Egyptian Museum in Turin. The researchers dated it to 3700–3500 B.C., making it the oldest-known embalmed body. The results show that people prepared the Turin mummy centuries before the pharaohs unified the region in about 3100 B.C. to form ancient Egypt. The team’s analysis suggests that long before the founding of what was arguably the world’s first nation-state, the people who lived there shared common cultural practices and imported embalming ingredients from distant lands (J. Archaeol. Sci. 2018, DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2018.07.011). Mummification in ancient Egypt involved removing the corpse’s internal organs, desiccating the body with a mixture

METHODS This study investigates whether human cadavers embalmed according to Thiel can be used for research and education in oral-maxillo-facial surgery. Different surgical approaches were tested on such cadavers. The usability of the specimen was judged jointly by anatomists and surgeons. Color, structure, and consistency of the different tissues were comparable to vital conditions. Thiel's embalming technique applied to human cadavers provides an optimal basis for research and for basic and postgraduate medical education.

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the various forensic considerations that need to be taken into account while performing blood alcohol evaluation. Blood drawn from a decomposing body may yield a flawed alcohol concentration since decomposition involves fermentation, and blood sugar will allow fermentation to occur. Blood alcohol level, in fresh water drowning, may be reduced by dilution, since inhaled water enters the blood circulation. By the same token, transfusions and administration of intravenous fluids in hospitals also dilute blood alcohol concentrations. Therefore, it is advisable that in hospital cases, admission blood specimens drawn prior to fluid administration should be obtained from the emergency room and analyzed. Embalming fluids may contain methanol and/or other alcohols, however, ethanol is not a standard component. Therefore, any ethanol present in an embalmed body suggests that it was ingested prior to death. Blood, which is shed on the floor, the road, inside a vehicle, or anywhere outside the body. may be contaminated, and should not be used for alcohol testing.

In the last few years virtual anthropology has been used to solve different problems that could not be properly addressed using a traditional anthropological approach. Mainly when dealing with mummies or embalmed bodies, the virtual approach is the only solution to carry out a detailed analysis of the skeleton without jeopardizing the integrity of the physical remains. Based on these new technologies, the embalmed body of Ferrante Gonzaga (1507–1557), an Italian noblemen of the Renaissance period, was CT scanned and the digital three-dimensional data were used for virtual anthropological analysis. A physical model of the skull was obtained by rapid prototyping technique and used for facial reconstruction according to forensic art methods. Finally, the reconstructed face was compared with two portraits of Ferrante Gonzaga (Uffizi and Ambras portraits) using a virtual skull-painting superimposition technique. Despite the limits of the superimposition method when dealing with historical portraits in fronto-lateral view, our results pointed out more similarities with the Ambras portrait. By means of this multi-disciplinary approach, doubts regarding the reliability of historical portraits could be resolved.

(1968). Death Due to Parathion? Exhumation of an Embalmed Body. Clinical Toxicology: Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 257-263.

Digoxin levels in post-mortem specimens are reported for two unusual cases. The blood level of digoxin in one of these cases was five times greater than any previously reported. The other case involved specimens from an embalmed body.

It was 24 or 25 April when I arrived; Byron had died on the 19th. I waded through the streets, between wind and water, to the house he had lived in; it was detached, and on the margin of the shallow slimy sea-waters. For three months this house had been besieged, day and night, like a bank that has a run upon it. Now that death had closed the door, it was as silent as a cemetery. No one was within the house but Fletcher, of which I was glad. As if he knew my wishes, he led me up a narrow stair into a small room, with nothing in it but a coffin standing on trestles. No word was spoken by either of us; he withdrew the black pall and the white shroud, and there lay the embalmed body of the Pilgrim — more beautiful in death than in life. The contraction of the muscles and skin had effaced every line that time or passion had ever traced on it; few marble busts could have matched its stainless white, the harmony of its proportions, and perfect finish; yet he had been dissatisfied with that body, and longed to cast its slough. How often I had heard him curse it! He was jealous of the genius of Shakespeare — that might well be — but where had he seen the face or form worthy to excite his envy? I asked Fletcher to bring me a glass of water.

o one in the long history of the world has given as much attention to the study of the science of combat as the Communists. This is readily understandable in that their program attaches equal importance to the methods of combat and to the aims of the movement. The Communists teach that their program can best be achieved through the use of violence. For them there is no other way. This applies to their domestic affairs as well as to their foreign policy. Lenin's works are substantially an expose of the strategy of political warfare. When Stalin, at the tomb of the embalmed body of Lenin, took his famous oath to adhere to Lenin's doctrine, his subsequent deeds showed that what he had in mind was the thesis that organized force must be used to obtain absolute power because in the decisive moment it is not the pen which decides, but the sword.