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1. Response to prone positioning in COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a retrospective observational study

Author: Zeinab Adawy, Ayman Iskandarani, Abeer Alharbi, Yara A. Iskandarani, Gufran Salem, Dalya A. Iskandarani, Abdul Rahman H. Ali, Mohammed A. Salem, and Eman Sobh
Subjects: ARDS, COVID-19, Oxygenation, Pneumonia, Prone position, Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779, Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, RC86-88.9
Abstract: Abstract Background COVID-19 pneumonia and respiratory failure are the leading causes of death in COVID-19 patients. Prone positioning was hypothesized to improve oxygenation in ARDS patients and is being studied in COVID-19, but the current evidence is still unclear regarding survival and hospitalization. We aimed to investigate the effect of prone positioning on oxygenation in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and ARDS and to examine the factors associated with better/worse outcomes. Methods A retrospective record-based cohort study included all confirmed COVID-19 patients with pneumonia and ARDS who underwent prone positioning admitted to King Fahad Hospital, Medina, Saudi Arabia, during 2020–2021. Results This study included 75 cases (mean age 60.3 ± 15.7 year, 50 (66.7%) males), and all fulfilled the definition of ARDS. There was a significant improvement in oxygenation (PaO2 and PaO2/FIO2) following prone positioning (53.5 ± 6.8 vs. 60.4 ± 8.2 mmHg, p
Published: 2024
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2. Prevalence, risk factors and management of common mental health disorders in Cameroon: a systematic review

Author: Emmanuel Kah, Che Henry Ngwa, John Njuma Libwea, Marion Keinamma, Frankline Sevidzem Wirsiy, Limkile Mpofu, Tchokokam Patricia, Rejoice Uche Obiora, Danga Aloleko Ines, Ngo Valery Ngo, Egbe Henrieta Oneke, Crayton E Bessong, Ngozi Margaret Oguguah, and Eman Sobh
Subjects: Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Objectives This review aimed to synthesise evidence on (1) the prevalence of common mental health disorders (MHDs) in Cameroon; (2) the effectiveness of mental health management interventions; (3) the risk factors for common MHDs in Cameroon and (4) map the state of research on common mental disorders in Cameroon.Design A systematic review.Data sources We performed a comprehensive search for articles in major public health databases including PubMed, Scopus, Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL from inception of each database to June 2022.Eligibility criteria Published articles on the prevalence, risk factors or intervention for management of common MHDs in Cameroon met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review.Data extraction and synthesis The abstract and full-text screening, and data extraction were performed independently by at least two researchers. The results have been reported based on a narrative synthesis.Results After the screening stages, 32 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in this study. A high prevalence of common MHDs among different groups, including teenage mothers, students and people living with HIV, was observed. We identified important risk factors for these conditions in the general population and among high-risk groups. We also identified two interventions which show promising results for the management of depression among individuals with HIV in Cameroon.Conclusion Our review recorded a high prevalence of common MHDs and identified important risk factors for MHDs among different groups. Increased priority and participatory action with all stakeholders including individuals, communities/policy holders and in research where a huge gap remains to be filled, is crucial in reducing the burden of MHDs in Cameroon.PROSPERO registration number CRD42022348427.
Published: 2024
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3. Point of Care Ultrasound [POCUS] in Cardiac Arrest

Author: Muhammad Reihan, Eman Sobh, Ahmed Hassan, Gihan Ahmed, Mohamed Moanes Mohyeldin, Mohamad Omar, Tarek Dabash, and Ahmed Mostafa
Subjects: pocus, point of care ultrasound, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, cardiac arrest, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Cardiac arrest is a medical emergency affecting many adults around the world. The quality and efficacy of cardiopulmonary resuscitation [CPR] are associated with improved survival. Reported differences in CPR performance and survival among centres have motivated the resuscitation community to develop guidelines and tools to improve CPR outcomes.Many tools are proposed for the assessment of cardiac arrest aiming for identifying the underlying cause, especially reversible ones, assessing the response of the patient to resuscitation in order to restore the normal circulation. Each of these tools have its own limitations and even failure of improving survival rates.Point of care ultrasound [POCUS] is increasingly used in the emergency department. The application and utilization of POCUS is still below what is expected. This may be attributed to the fact that ultrasound is operator-dependent. However, in presence of a well-trained expert, POCUS may improve outcomes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. This review will highlight the role of POCUS in cardiac arrest.
Published: 2022
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4. Coronavirus Disease-2019 and the kidneys: A tragedy of reciprocal damage and management challenges

Author: Eman Sobh, Ahmed Salama Al-Adl, Mohamed F Awadallah, Khloud Gamal Abdelsalam, Sohaila Sabry Awad, Amal M Surrati, and Hani A Alhadrami
Subjects: acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, coronavirus, covid-19, kidney injury, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2, Medicine, Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, RC86-88.9
Abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been reported to affect nearly all body systems. Kidney affection has been observed in several studies. The effect of COVID-19 on renal function is beyond that occurring in pneumonia or severe respiratory distress cases. Renal affection is attributed to several factors, including the mechanism of viral injury. Patients with preexisting kidney injury are at increased risk of infection. Early detection and management are crucial to avoid morbidity and mortality, prevent the spread and contamination of hemodialysis Units. Early detection and treatment of kidney involvement in COVID-19 are vital to avoid increased morbidity and mortality. Proper selection of drugs and fluid management is vital in cases with kidney involvement. This review aims to discuss the clinical and pathophysiological affection of the kidney in COVID-19.
Published: 2022
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5. Postoperative pulmonary embolism, risk factors, and medical thromboprophylaxis: a 2-year retrospective study

Author: Eman Sobh, Maisa A Abdel Wahab, Zeinab R Adawy, Heba M Abdelgalil, Ola I Saleh, Doaa M Zakaria, and Randa S Elshahat
Subjects: caprini score, pulmonary embolism, thromboprophylaxis, venous thromboembolism, Internal medicine, RC31-1245
Abstract: Background and aim The major surgical procedures have a significant risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), especially pulmonary embolism (PE), leading to poor prognosis and life-threatening conditions. The major surgical procedure has 20-fold risk increase in VTE and the risk is increased by 30% in the absence of optimal prophylaxis. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of PE among surgical patients undergoing preoperative thromboprophylaxis according to Caprini score, these considerations can improve the clinical outcome and allow optimal use of thromboprophylactic strategies against VTE. Patients and methods We performed retrospective analysis of records of patients admitted to surgical wards at our hospital and identified those who developed postoperative PE. We calculated Caprini score to assess the risk for VTE. Results Among patients admitted to surgical wards, we identified 107 cases of postoperative PE. Most of them had major surgeries, most of them were females, and a considerable proportion of those who developed PE did not receive thromboprophylaxis although being at moderate or high risk for VTE according to Caprini score. Few patients had poor outcome. Conclusion Perioperative thromboprophylaxis is crucial to avoid complication with VTE. Caprini score may be a good clinical score to decide which patients to receive perioperative thromboprophylaxis.
Published: 2022
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6. The impact of secondhand smoke exposure on the pregnancy outcome: a prospective cohort study among Egyptian community

Author: Eman Sobh, Asmaa Mahmoud Mohammed, Zeinab Adawy, Aziza Hussein Nassef, and Adel Hasheesh
Subjects: Cotinine, Environmental tobacco smoke, Low birth weight, Pregnancy outcome, Secondhand smoke exposure, Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779, Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, RC86-88.9
Abstract: Abstract Background Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure gained lesser interest than active smoking. There is evidence from previous studies that SHS exposure had negative effects on fetal growth. This study aimed to examine the effect of smoke exposure on pregnancy outcome and to evaluate the level of nicotine urinary end-product cotinine in pregnant women in the late trimester. We included 36 women with a history of SHS exposure and 48 women without a history of exposure; all were in last trimester of pregnancy. We measured cotinine level in urine and followed the two groups until delivery and recorded fetal outcomes. Fetal biophysical parameters and blood flow waveforms were measured using B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography, respectively. Results The total range of the urinary cotinine creatinine ratio (CCR) concentration in the SHS exposed pregnant women was 0.01–0.2, IQR = 0.18 ng/mg.cr, versus 0.01–0.1, and IQR = 0.03 ng/mg.cr in the non-exposed group. The mean value as well as the mean rank of CCR was significantly higher (0.1 ± 0.08 ng/mg.cr., 40.3 respectively) in the exposed pregnant women as compared to the non-exposed pregnant women ((0.04 ± 0.02), 29.3 respectively, p value
Published: 2021
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7. Cardiovascular system and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): mutual injuries and unexpected outcomes

Author: Eman Sobh, Muhammad Saad Reihan, Tamer M. S. Hifnawy, Khloud Gamal Abdelsalam, Sohaila Sabry Awad, Nehal Mostafa Hamed Mahmoud, Nariman A. Sindi, and Hani A. Alhadrami
Subjects: Coronavirus disease, SARS-CoV-2, Cardiovascular dysfunction, Cardiovascular function, Public health implications, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract: Abstract Background Cardiovascular system involvement in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has gained great interest in the scientific community. Main body Several studies reported increased morbidity and mortality among COVID-19 patients who had comorbidities, especially cardiovascular diseases like hypertension and acute coronary syndrome (ACS). COVID-19 may be associated with cardiovascular complications as arrhythmia, myocarditis, and thromboembolic events. We aimed to illustrate the interactions of COVID-19 disease and the cardiovascular system and the consequences on clinical decision as well as public health. Conclusions COVID-19 has negative consequences on the cardiovascular system. A high index of suspicion should be present to avoid poor prognosis of those presenting with unusual presentation.
Published: 2021
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8. Elimination of nasal obstruction improves pulmonary functions and oxygenation

Author: Eman Sobh, Fatma Elhussieny, and Taghreed Ismail
Subjects: Nasal obstruction, Nasal packing, Pulmonary function tests, Spirometry, Hypoxemia, Arterial blood gases, Respiratory function, Airway obstruction, Oxygen saturation, Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779, Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, RC86-88.9
Abstract: Abstract Background Nasal obstruction is a significant medical problem. This study aimed to examine the effect of nasal obstruction and nasal packing on arterial blood gases and pulmonary function indices, and the impact of the elimination of nasal obstruction on preoperative values. Results The mean age of the study population was 26.6 ± 10.1 years, males represented 50.8%. Spirometric indices showed statistically significant improvement (preoperative forced expiratory volume in 1st second 66.9 ± 13.9 vs 79.6 ± 14.9 postoperative and preoperative forced vital capacity 65.5 ± 12.7 vs 80.4 ± 13.8 postoperative). Oxygen saturation was significantly lower during nasal packing (95.6 ± 1.6 preoperative vs 94.7 ± 2.8 with nasal pack), and significant improvement (97.2 ± 1.4) was observed after removal of the nasal pack. Nasal obstruction scores significantly improved. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that either simple nasal obstruction or nasal packing may cause hypoxemia and abnormalities in lung function tests. Hypoxemia was more evident with nasal packing.
Published: 2021
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9. Impaired pulmonary function in patients with chronic neck pain

Author: Mohamed Fawzi Awadallah, Eman Sobh, Mohamed Abdelhalim Shendy, Abdullah M Al-Shenqiti, Talal M Al-Jeraisi, and Reda S Eweda
Subjects: chronic neck pain, pulmonary function tests, goniometer, neck disability index, visual analog pain scale, Medicine, Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, RC86-88.9
Abstract: Background: Neck pain is a common problem in the medical practice, and the limited movement of the neck muscles can result in impaired chest movement. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between neck pain and pulmonary function using spirometry. Methods: We included 75 patients with chronic neck pain and 75 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. We performed spirometry and recorded forced-vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second of FVC (FEV1), forced expiratory flow at 25%–75% (FEF 25–75), and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). We also measured the neck active range of motion in all positions (flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and rotation) and administered the Neck Disability Index (NDI) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain. Results: Neck movements were significantly limited in all directions in patients with chronic neck pain. Pulmonary function (FVC, FEV1, FEF25–75, and PEFR) was significantly lower, and FEV1/ FVC was significantly higher in the neck pain group compared with the control group. In the neck pain group, restrictive pattern in spirometry was found in 39 participants (52%). The pulmonary function parameters (FVC, FEV1, FEF25–75, and PEFR) had a significant positive linear relationship with neck movement and a significant negative linear relationship with VAS and NDI scores. Conclusions: Patients with chronic neck pain had limited pulmonary function, which was related to a limited range of cervical movement.
Published: 2021
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10. Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) non-respiratory involvement

Author: Eman Sobh, Einas Abuarrah, Khloud Gamal Abdelsalam, Sohaila Sabry Awad, Mohamed Ahmed Badawy, Mohamed A. Fathelbab, Mohamed Ahmed Aboulfotouh, and Mohamed Fawzi Awadallah
Subjects: COVID-19, Coronavirus, Extrapulmonary manifestations, SARS-CoV-2, Symptoms, Non-respiratory, Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779, Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, RC86-88.9
Abstract: Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a newly emerging pandemic that affected millions of people worldwide caused by novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. The first cases reported suffered from respiratory symptoms. Main body Various extrapulmonary manifestations were linked to COVID-19 in several reports including cardiovascular, genitourinary, gastrointestinal, and skin. It is important that every clinician should be aware of these non-respiratory manifestations for early diagnosis and prompt management. This review aims to summarize the different extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 disease and highlight the importance of multidisciplinary care. Conclusion COVID-19 is a disease of multi-organ involvement. Manifestations may vary depending on which organ is involved.
Published: 2020
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11. Yield of medical thoracoscopy in undiagnosed exudative pleural effusion: a 3-year retrospective multicenter study

Author: Eman Sobh, Sawsan B Elsawy, and Mahmoud Elsaeed Ahmed
Subjects: exudative pleural effusion, pleural biopsy, pleural effusion, thoracoscopy, undiagnosed pleural effusion, Internal medicine, RC31-1245
Abstract: Background The diagnosis of the etiology of exudative pleural effusion is a great challenge in clinical practice. Aims To evaluate the diagnostic value of medical thoracoscope in unexplained exudative effusions and the frequency of various diagnoses in a multicenter study in Egypt. Patients and methods A retrospective analysis was done of all thoracoscopies done at our centers for diagnosis of the cause of the exudative pleural effusion. Results Among 542 thoracoscopies performed at our centers, definite diagnosis was reached in 476 (87.8%) cases. Malignancy was the most common diagnosis (60.7%) followed by tuberculosis (24.5%). Conclusion Thoracoscopy was a safe and efficient tool for diagnosis. Malignancy and tuberculosis were the most common etiologies.
Published: 2020
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12. Primary pulmonary extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma/Primitive neuroectodermal tumor: Two case reports

Author: Eman Sobh, Wael H. El-Sheshtawy, and Shady E. Anis
Subjects: Ewing sarcoma, extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma, lung primary, primitive neuroectodermal tumor, Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779, Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, RC86-88.9
Abstract: Abstract Primary pulmonary extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma (EES)/ primitive neuroectodermal tumor is an extremely rare tumor with only few cases reported in the literature. In this study, we present two cases of primary pulmonary EES diagnosed and treated at our institution. The median age was 20 years (range: 19–21). Cough, dyspnea, and hemoptysis were the predominant features at presentation, associated with a large lung mass on imaging. Image-guided core needle biopsies were the diagnostic modalities for both patients. Initial histopathology showed malignant small round cell tumor, which has been confirmed by immunohistochemistry as EES. Both patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery; postoperative pathology for the first patient showed 98% tumor necrosis, whereas the second patient’s pathology showed no evidence of residual tumor after complete surgical excision.
Published: 2017
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13. Microbiological testing of adults hospitalised with community-acquired pneumonia: an international study

Author: Manuela Carugati, Stefano Aliberti, Luis Felipe Reyes, Ricardo Franco Sadud, Muhammad Irfan, Cristina Prat, Nilam J. Soni, Paola Faverio, Andrea Gori, Francesco Blasi, Marcos I. Restrepo, Patricia Karina Aruj, Silvia Attorri, Enrique Barimboim, Juan Pablo Caeiro, María I. Garzón, Victor Hugo Cambursano, Adrian Ceccato, Julio Chertcoff, Florencia Lascar, Fernando Di Tulio, Ariel Cordon Díaz, Lautaro de Vedia, Maria Cristina Ganaha, Sandra Lambert, Gustavo Lopardo, Carlos M. Luna, Alessio Gerardo Malberti, Nora Morcillo, Silvina Tartara, Claudia Pensotti, Betiana Pereyra, Pablo Gustavo Scapellato, Juan Pablo Stagnaro, Florencio Varela, Sonali Shah, Felix Lötsch, Florian Thalhammer, Kurt Anseeuw, Camille A. Francois, Eva Van Braeckel, Jean Louis Vincent, Marcel Zannou Djimon, Jules Bashi, Roger Dodo, Simone Aranha Nouér, Peter Chipev, Milena Encheva, Darina Miteva, Diana Petkova, Adamou Dodo Balkissou, Eric Walter Pefura Yone, Bertrand Hugo Mbatchou Ngahane, Ning Shen, Jin-fu Xu, Carlos Andres Bustamante Rico, Ricardo Buitrago, Fernando Jose Pereira Paternina, Jean-Marie Kayembe Ntumba, Vesna Vladic Carevic, Marko Jakopovic, Mateja Jankovic, Zinka Matkovic, Ivan Mitrecic, Marie-Laure Bouchy Jacobsson, Anette Bro Christensen, Uffe Christian Heitmann Bødtger, Christian Niels Meyer, Andreas Vestergaard Jensen, Gertrud Baunbæk-Knudsen, Pelle Trier Petersen, Stine Andersen, Ibrahim El-Said Abd El-Wahhab, Nesreen Elsayed Morsy, Hanaa Shafiek, Eman Sobh, Kedir Abdella Abdulsemed, Fabrice Bertrand, Christian Brun-Buisson, Etienne de Montmollin, Muriel Fartoukh, Jonathan Messika, Pierre Tattevin, Abdo Khoury, Bernard Ebruke, Michael Dreher, Martin Kolditz, Matthias Meisinger, Mathias W. Pletz, Stefan Hagel, Jan Rupp, Tom Schaberg, Marc Spielmanns, Petra Creutz, Norton Suttorp, Beatrice Siaw-Lartey, Katerina Dimakou, Dimosthenis Papapetrou, Evdoxia Tsigou, Dimitrios Ampazis, Evangelos Kaimakamis, Mina Gaga, Mohit Bhatia, Raja Dhar, George D'Souza, Rajiv Garg, Parvaiz A. Koul, P.A. Mahesh, B.S. Jayaraj, Kiran Vishnu Narayan, Hirennappa B. Udnur, Shashi Bhaskara Krishnamurthy, Surya Kant, Rajesh Swarnakar, Sneha Limaye, Sundeep Salvi, Keihan Golshani, Vera M. Keatings, Ignacio Martin-Loeches, Yasmin Maor, Jacob Strahilevitz, Salvatore Battaglia, Maria Carrabba, Piero Ceriana, Marco Confalonieri, Antonella d'Arminio Monforte, Bruno Del Prato, Marino De Rosa, Riccardo Fantini, Giuseppe Fiorentino, Maria Antonia Gammino, Francesco Menzella, Giuseppe Milani, Stefano Nava, Gerardo Palmiero, Roberta Petrino, Barbra Gabrielli, Paolo Rossi, Claudio Sorino, Gundi Steinhilber, Alessandro Zanforlin, Fabio Franzetti, Manuela Morosi, Elisa Monge, Mauro Carone, Vincenzo Patella, Simone Scarlata, Andrea Comel, Kiyoyasu Kurahashi, Zeina Aoun Bacha, Daniel Barajas Ugalde, Omar Ceballos Zuñiga, José F. Villegas, Milic Medenica, E.M.W. van de Garde, Deebya Raj Mihsra, Poojan Shrestha, Elliott Ridgeon, Babatunde Ishola Awokola, Ogonna N.O. Nwankwo, Adefuye Bolanle Olufunlola, Segaolu Olumide, Kingsley N. Ukwaja, Lukasz Minarowski, Skoczyński Szymon, Felipe Froes, Pedro Leuschner, Mariana Meireles, Sofia B Ravara, Victoria Brocovschii, Chesov Ion, Doina Rusu, Cristina Toma, Daniela Chirita, Carmen Mihaela Dorobat, Alexei Birkun, Anna Kaluzhenina, Abdullah Almotairi, Zakeya Abdulbaqi Ali Bukhary, Jameela Edathodu, Amal Fathy, Abdullah Mushira Abdulaziz Enani, Nazik Eltayeb Mohamed, Jawed Ulhadi Memon, Abdelhaleem Bella, Nada Bogdanović, Branislava Milenkovic, Dragica Pesut, Charles Feldman, Ho Kee Yum, Luis Borderìas, Noel Manuel Bordon Garcia, Hugo Cabello Alarcón, Catia Cilloniz, Antoni Torres, Vicens Diaz-Brito, Xavier Casas, Alicia Encabo González, Maria Luisa Fernández-Almira, Miguel Gallego, Inmaculada Gaspar-GarcÍa, Juan González del Castillo, Patricia Javaloyes Victoria, Elena Laserna Martínez, Rosa Malo de Molina, Pedro J. Marcos, Rosario Menéndez, Ana Pando-Sandoval, Cristina Prat Aymerich, Jordi Rello, Silvia Moyano, Francisco Sanz, Oriol Sibila, Ana Rodrigo-Troyano, Jordi Solé-Violán, Ane Uranga, Job F.M. van Boven, Ester Vendrell Torra, Jordi Almirall Pujol, Arnauld Attannon Fiogbe, Ferdaous Yangui, Semra Bilaceroglu, Levent Dalar, Ufuk Yilmaz, Artemii Bogomolov, Naheed Elahi, Devesh J. Dhasmana, Andrew Feneley, Rhiannon Ions, Julie Skeemer, Gerrit Woltmann, Carole Hancock, Adam T. Hill, Banu Rudran, Silvia Ruiz-Buitrago, Marion Campbell, Paul Whitaker, Alexander Youzguin, Anika Singanayagam, Karen S. Allen, Veronica Brito, Jessica Dietz, Claire E. Dysart, Susan M. Kellie, Ricardo A. Franco-Sadud, Garnet Meier, Thomas L. Holland, Stephen P. Bergin, Fayez Kheir, Mark Landmeier, Manuel Lois, Girish B. Nair, Hemali Patel, Katherine Reyes, William Rodriguez-Cintron, Shigeki Saito, Julio Noda, Cecilia I. Hinojosa, Stephanie M. Levine, Luis F. Angel, Antonio Anzueto, K. Scott Whitlow, John Hipskind, Kunal Sukhija, Vicken Totten, Richard G. Wunderink, Ray D. Shah, Kondwelani John Mateyo, Lorena Noriega, Ezequiel Alvarado, Mohamed Aman, and Lucía Labra
Subjects: Medicine
Abstract: This study aimed to describe real-life microbiological testing of adults hospitalised with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and to assess concordance with the 2007 Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA)/American Thoracic Society (ATS) and 2011 European Respiratory Society (ERS) CAP guidelines. This was a cohort study based on the Global Initiative for Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia (GLIMP) database, which contains point-prevalence data on adults hospitalised with CAP across 54 countries during 2015. In total, 3702 patients were included. Testing was performed in 3217 patients, and included blood culture (71.1%), sputum culture (61.8%), Legionella urinary antigen test (30.1%), pneumococcal urinary antigen test (30.0%), viral testing (14.9%), acute-phase serology (8.8%), bronchoalveolar lavage culture (8.4%) and pleural fluid culture (3.2%). A pathogen was detected in 1173 (36.5%) patients. Testing attitudes varied significantly according to geography and disease severity. Testing was concordant with IDSA/ATS and ERS guidelines in 16.7% and 23.9% of patients, respectively. IDSA/ATS concordance was higher in Europe than in North America (21.5% versus 9.8%; p
Published: 2018
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14. The pattern of tuberculosis in Aswan Chest Hospital, Egypt

Author: Eman Sobh, Sayed Abd Elsabour Kinawy, Yasser Mohamad Ahmad Abdelkarim, and Mahmoud Ahmed Arafa
Subjects: Extrapulmonary tuberculosis, Pulmonary tuberculosis, Tuberculosis, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract: Objective/background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major health problem. The aim of this study was to examine the pattern of TB in Aswan Chest Hospital, Aswan, Egypt. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out using medical records from the TB registry in Aswan Chest Hospital. The investigated variables included demographic characteristics, type of TB infection, and affected organs. All data were coded and statistically analyzed. Results: The average age of the 557 patients infected with TB was 40.31±18.87 years; 58.2% of the cases were men and 41.8% were women. In both sexes, the highest number of TB patients was from the reproductive age groups. During the 5-year study period, the highest percentage of cases were new cases and the highest frequency of cases was during 2011 and the lowest frequency was during 2015. Pulmonary TB cases showed a sharp decline; however, there was a decrease in extrapulmonary TB cases during 2012 and 2013, with a slight rise in 2014 and 2015. Of the pulmonary TB cases, 82.5% were smear-positive TB. Conclusion: There was a decline in the total number of TB cases across the studied years and the most studied cases were pulmonary smear-positive and new cases. Younger people represented a large percentage of reported cases.
Published: 2016
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15. Chronic oozing skin lesions in children: Possible tuberculosis? Two case reports

Author: Amira Bahour, Eman Sobh, Sahar Elsayed, and Wegdan Amer
Subjects: Childhood tuberculosis, Cutaneous tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Skin ulcers, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract: Cutaneous tuberculosis is frequently misleading and challenging, as it mimics a wide differential diagnosis. Here, we present two pediatric cases with chronic multiple ulcerating nodules. Proper history, physical examination, and histopathological analysis are included in the workup of suspected skin tuberculosis. Diagnosis was confirmed by positive culture for mycobacteria.
Published: 2016
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16. A 7-year-old girl with multiple skin ulcers: Case report and literature review

Author: Eman Sobh, Amira Bahour, Sahar Elsayed, and Wegdan Amer
Subjects: Cutaneous tuberculosis, Interferon-gamma release assays, Tuberculin skin test, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract: Introduction: There has been an increase in the number of tuberculosis (TB) cases worldwide, but TB of the skin remains rare. Case presentation: A case of 7-year-old girl with multiple ulcerating nodules who presented with four ulcers in the skin of the left elbow. The patient was unresponsive to broad-spectrum antibiotics treatment initially. Because of poor clinical response to conventional therapy, TB was suspected. Although tuberculin skin test was negative, positive QuantiFERON TB Gold test and clinical picture strongly indicated TB. Clinical diagnosis was confirmed by positive culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Conclusion: A high index of clinical suspicion is necessary to suspect TB of the skin. Positive culture remains the gold standard for diagnosis.
Published: 2015
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17. It is not pneumothorax: Multicystic lung lesion in a six-year-old child

Author: Eman Sobh, Amira Bahour, and Shady Elia Anis
Subjects: Medicine
Abstract: Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) – recently reported as congenital pulmonary airway malformation – is a rare abnormality of lung development. We present a case of a six-year-old child having a cystic lung lesion that proved to be CCAM after surgical resection. The child is performing well on follow-up.
Published: 2017
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18. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of early COVID-19 deaths in Almadinah Almonawarah, Saudi Arabia: An analytical cross-sectional study

Author: Amal M. Qasem Surrati, Eman Sobh, Farah Asad Mansuri, Abdulraouf A. Bokhari, Samira Mousa Haroon, and Nouf Moalla Alewi
Subjects: General Medicine
Abstract: Background and Objective: Identification of clinical characteristics and risk factors for mortality in COVID-19 is important for early detection and precise case management. The study aimed to describe the sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of in-hospital COVID-19 deaths in Almadinah Almonawarah city, Saudi Arabia, and to identify risk factors for early mortality among them. Methods: This is an analytical cross-sectional study. The main outcomes were demographic and clinical characteristics of COVID 19 patients who died from March till December 2020, during the hospital stay. We collected 193 records of COVID-19 patients, from two major hospitals in Al Madinah region, Saudi Arabia. Descriptive and inferential analysis were performed to identify and relate the factors of early death. Results: Out of the total deaths, 110 died during the first 14 days of admission (Early death group) and 83 died after 14 days of admission (Late death group). Early death group had a significantly higher percentages of old age patients (p=0.027) and males (72.7%). Comorbidities were found in 166 (86%) of cases. Multimorbidity were significantly higher in early deaths than in late deaths 74.5% (p=
Published: 2023
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19. Essential Features of an Interstitial Lung Disease Multidisciplinary Meeting An International Delphi Survey

Author: Alan K. Y. Teoh, Anne E. Holland, Julie Morisset, Kevin R. Flaherty, Athol U. Wells, Simon L. F. Walsh, Ian Glaspole, Wim A. Wuyts, Tamera J. Corte, Huzaifa Adamali, J. Shirine Allam, Sofia Antillon, Katherina M. Antoniou, Rodrigo Athanazio, Sergey Avdeev, Alexander Averyanov, Arata Azuma, Bruno Baldi, Elisabetta Balestro, Rebecca Bascom, Shalini Bastiampillai, Lutz Beckert, Jü¨ergen Behr, Paul Beirne, David Bennett, Raphael Borie, Demosthenes Bouros, Ben Brockway, Kevin Brown, Francisco Javier Callejas González, Diego Castillo, Ronald Chacon Chaves, Daniel Chambers, Sally Chapman, Nazia Chaudhuri, Harold Collard, Vincent Cottin, Bruno Crestani, Jesper Rømhild Davidsen, Devesh J. Dhasmana, Sahajal Dhooria, Juan Ignacio Enghelmayer, Alexandre Todorovic Fabro, Puneet Garcha, Nicole Goh, Alejandro Gomez, Christopher Grainge, Tomohiro Handa, Tristan Huie, Gary Hunninghake, Yoshikazu Inoue, Helen Jo, Kerri Johannson, Rene Jonkers, Eoin Judge, Yasemin Kabasakal, Leticia Kawano Dourado, Gregory Keir, Nasreen Khalil, Yet Hong Khor, Melissa King Biggs, Maria Kokosi, Yasuhiro Kondoh, Vasillis Kouranos, Michael Kreuter, David Lederer, Su Ying Low, Joachim Mü¨ller Quernheim, Toby Maher, Eliane Mancuzo, George Margaritopoulos, Carol Mason, Mariano Mazeini, Nesrin Mogulkoc, Maria Molina, Yuben Moodley, António Morais, Anoop Nambiar, Imre Noth, Hilario Nunes, Takashi Ogura, Oguzhan Okutan, Nina Patel, Carlos Pereira, Wojciech Piotrowski, Venerino Poletti, Silvia Quadrelli, Elzbieta Radzikowska, Pilar Rivera Ortega, Christopher J. Ryerson, Mauricio Salinas, Rafaela Sanchez, Recep Savas, Moises Selman, Adrian Shifren, Maria Raquel Soares, Eman Sobh, Jin Woo Song, Paolo Spagnolo, Martina Sterclova, Irina Strambu, Mary E. Strek, Takafumi Suda, Gabriela Tabaj, Jasna Tekavec Trkanjec, Fatma Tokgoz Akyil, Claudia Toma, Rade Tomic, Hiromi Tomioka, Daniel Traila, Lauren Troy, Sergio Trukillo, Argyrios Tzouvelekis, Carlo Vancheri, Brenda Elena Varela, Francesco Varone, Martina Vasakova, Elizabeth Veitch, Vanesa Vicens Zygmunt, Thomas Wessendorf, Glen Westall, Marlies Wijsenbeek, Margaret L. Wilsher, Jeremy Wrobel, Cesar Yoshito Fukuda, Chris Zappala, Pulmonary Medicine, University of St Andrews. School of Medicine, University of St Andrews. Infection and Global Health Division, AII - Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Pulmonology, and AII - Inflammatory diseases
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, PNEUMONIA, medicine.medical_specialty, Respiratory System, Delphi method, NDAS, Interstitial lung disease, THORACIC SOCIETY, R Medicine (General), DIAGNOSIS, behavioral disciplines and activities, Delphi, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Lung diseases, interstitial/diagnosis, Multidisciplinary approach, Delphi technique, Medicine, Humans, CRITERIA, Medical physics, 030212 general & internal medicine, Pulmonologists, Essential features, Science & Technology, business.industry, STATEMENT, respiratory system, medicine.disease, R1, respiratory tract diseases, body regions, surgical procedures, operative, 030228 respiratory system, AGREEMENT, Multidisciplinary meeting, business, Surveys and questionnaires, CONSENSUS, Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Abstract: Supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in Pulmonary Fibrosis (GNT1116371), and by foundation partner, Boehringer Ingelheim, and program partners, Roche and Galapagos. Rationale : The interstitial lung disease (ILD) multidisciplinary meetings (MDM), composed of pulmonologists, radiologists, and pathologists, is integral to the rendering of an accurate ILD diagnosis. However, there is significant heterogeneity in the conduct of ILD MDMs, and questions regarding their best practices remain unanswered. Objectives : To achieve consensus among ILD experts on essential components of an ILD MDM. Methods : Using a Delphi methodology, semi-structured interviews with ILD experts were used to identify key themes and features of ILD MDMs. These items informed two subsequent rounds of online questionnaires that were used to achieve consensus among a broader, international panel of ILD experts. Experts were asked to rate their level of agreement on a five-point Likert scale. An a priori threshold for consensus was set at a median score 4 or 5 with an interquartile range of 0. Results : We interviewed 15 ILD experts, and 102 ILD experts participated in the online questionnaires. Five items and two exploratory statements achieved consensus on being essential for an ILD MDM following two questionnaire rounds. There was consensus that the presence of at least one radiologist, a quiet setting with a visual projection system, a high-quality chest high-resolution computed tomography, and a standardized template summarizing collated patient data are essential components of an ILD MDM. Experts also agreed that it would be useful for ILD MDMs to undergo an annual benchmarking process and a validation process by fulfilling a minimum number of cases annually. Twenty-seven additional features were considered to be either highly desirable or desirable features based on the degree of consensus. Although our findings on desirable features are similar to the current literature, several of these remain controversial and warrant further research. The study also showed an agreement among participants on several future concepts to improve the ILD MDM, such as performing regular self-assessments and conducting research into shared practices to develop an international expert guideline statement on ILD MDMs. Conclusions : This Delphi study showed consensus among international ILD experts on essential and desirable features of an ILD MDM. Our data represent an important step toward potential collaborative research into future standardization of ILD MDMs. Postprint
Published: 2022
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20. Cardiovascular system and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): mutual injuries and unexpected outcomes

Author: Muhammad Saad Reihan, Khloud Gamal Abdelsalam, Nehal Mostafa Hamed Mahmoud, Sohaila Sabry Awad, Hani A. Alhadrami, Eman Sobh, Tamer Hifnawy, and Nariman Sindi
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Acute coronary syndrome, Poor prognosis, Myocarditis, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Cardiovascular dysfunction, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, Public health, General Medicine, Disease, Review, medicine.disease, medicine.disease_cause, Cardiovascular function, Coronavirus disease, RC666-701, medicine, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, Intensive care medicine, Clinical decision, business, Public health implications, Coronavirus
Abstract: Background Cardiovascular system involvement in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has gained great interest in the scientific community. Main body Several studies reported increased morbidity and mortality among COVID-19 patients who had comorbidities, especially cardiovascular diseases like hypertension and acute coronary syndrome (ACS). COVID-19 may be associated with cardiovascular complications as arrhythmia, myocarditis, and thromboembolic events. We aimed to illustrate the interactions of COVID-19 disease and the cardiovascular system and the consequences on clinical decision as well as public health. Conclusions COVID-19 has negative consequences on the cardiovascular system. A high index of suspicion should be present to avoid poor prognosis of those presenting with unusual presentation.
Published: 2021

21. Telomere length in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Author: Magd, Galal-Eldin M., Entesar, Ahmad S., Manal, Hafez R., Eman, Sobh M., and Mona, Alrayes H.
Published: 2015
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22. Diaphragmatic excursion by ultrasound: reference values for the normal population; a cross-sectional study in Egypt

Author: Ahmed E. Kabil, Eman Sobh, Mahmoud Elsaeed, Houssam Eldin Hassanin, Ibrahim H. Yousef, Heba H. Eltrawy, Ahmed M. Ewis, Ahmed Aboseif, AbdAllah M. Albalsha, Sawsan Elsawy, and Abdul Rahman H. Ali
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Abstract: Background: Measurement of diaphragmatic motion by ultrasound is being utilized in different aspects of clinical practice. Defining reference values of the diaphragmatic excursion is important to identify those with diaphragmatic motion abnormalities. This study aimed to define the normal range of diaphragmatic motion (reference values) by M-mode ultrasound for the normal population.Methods: Healthy volunteers were included in this study. Those with comorbidities, skeletal deformity, acute or chronic respiratory illness were excluded. Diaphragmatic ultrasound in the supine position was performed using a low frequency probe. The B-mode was applied for diaphragmatic identification, and the M-mode was employed for the recording of the amplitude of diaphragm contraction during quiet breathing, deep breathing and sniffing.Results: The study included 757 healthy subjects [478 men (63.14%) and 279 women (36.86%)] with normal spirometry and negative history of previous or current respiratory illness. Their mean age and BMI were 45.17 ±14.84 years and 29.36±19.68 (kg/m2). The mean right hemidiaphragmatic excursion was 2.32±0.54, 5.54±1.26 and 2.90±0.63 for quiet breathing, deep breathing and sniffing respectively, while the left hemidiaphragmatic excursion was 2.35±0.54, 5.30±1.21 and 2.97±0.56 cm for quiet breathing, deep breathing and sniffing respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between right and left diaphragmatic excursion among all studied subjects. The ratio of right to left diaphragmatic excursion during quiet breathing was (1.009±0.19); maximum 181% and minimum 28%. Only 19 cases showed a right to left ratio of less than 50% (5 men and 14 women). The diaphragmatic excursion was higher in males than females. There was a significant difference in diaphragmatic excursion among age groups. Age, sex and BMI significantly affected the diaphragmatic motion.Conclusions: Diaphragmatic excursion values presented in this study can be used as reference values to detect diaphragmatic dysfunction in clinical practice. Diaphragmatic motion is affected by several factors including age, sex and body mass index.
Published: 2022

23. Aspiration Risk Factors, Microbiology, and Empiric Antibiotics for Patients Hospitalized With Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Author: Judith Marin-Corral, Sergi Pascual-Guardia, Francesco Amati, Stefano Aliberti, Joan R Masclans, Nilam Soni, Alejandro Rodriguez, Oriol Sibila, Francisco Sanz, Giovanni Sotgiu, Antonio Anzueto, Katerina Dimakou, Roberta Petrino, Ewoudt van de Garde, Marcos I Restrepo, GLIMP investigators, Patricia Karina Aruj, Silvia Attorri, Enrique Barimboim, Juan Pablo Caeiro, María I Garzón, Victor Hugo Cambursano, V H Dr Cazaux A Adrian Ceccato, Julio Chertcoff, Florencia Lascar, Fernando Di Tulio, Ariel Cordon Díaz, Lautaro de Vedia, Maria Cristina Ganaha, Sandra Lambert, Gustavo Lopardo, Carlos M Luna, Alessio Gerardo Malberti, Nora Morcillo, Silvina Tartara, Claudia Pensotti, Betiana Pereyra, Pablo Gustavo Scapellato, Juan Pablo Stagnaro, Sonali Shah, Felix Lötsch, Florian Thalhammer, Kurt Anseeuw, Camille A Francois, Eva Van Braeckel, Jean Louis Vincent, Marcel Zannou Djimon, Jules Bashi, Roger Dodo, Simone Aranha Nouér, Peter Chipev, Milena Encheva, Darina Miteva, Diana Petkova, Adamou Dodo Balkissou, Eric Walter Pefura Yone, Bertrand Hugo Mbatchou Ngahane, Ning Shen, Jin-Fu Xu, Carlos Andres Bustamante Rico, Ricardo Buitrago, Fernando Jose Pereira Paternina, Jean-Marie Kayembe Ntumba, Vesna Vladic Carevic, Marko Jakopovic, Mateja Jankovic, Zinka Matkovic, Ivan Mitrecic, Marie-Laure Bouchy Jacobsson, Anette Bro Christensen, Uffe Christian Heitmann Bødtger, Christian Niels Meyer, Andreas Vestergaard Jensen, Gertrud Baunbæk-Knudsen, Pelle Trier Petersen, Stine Andersen, Ibrahim El-Said Abd El-Wahhab, Nesreen Elsayed Morsy, Hanaa Shafiek, Eman Sobh, Kedir Abdella Abdulsemed, Fabrice Bertrand, Christian Brun-Buisson, Etienne de Montmollin, Muriel Fartoukh, Jonathan Messika, Pierre Tattevin, Abdo Khoury, Bernard Ebruke, Michael Dreher, Martin Kolditz, Matthias Meisinger, Mathias W Pletz, Stefan Hagel, Jan Rupp, Tom Schaberg, Marc Spielmanns, Petra Creutz, Norton Suttorp, Beatrice Siaw-Lartey, Dimosthenis Papapetrou, Evdoxia Tsigou, Dimitrios Ampazis, Evangelos Kaimakamis, Mohit Bhatia, Raja Dhar, George D'Souza, Rajiv Garg, Parvaiz A Koul, P A Mahesh, B S Jayaraj, Kiran Vishnu Narayan, Hirennappa B Udnur, Shashi Bhaskara Krishnamurthy, Surya Kant, Rajesh Swarnakar, Sneha Limaye, Sundeep Salvi, Keihan Golshani, Vera M Keatings, Ignacio Martin-Loeches, Yasmin Maor, Jacob Strahilevitz, Paola Faverio, Salvatore Battaglia, Maria Carrabba, Piero Ceriana, Marco Confalonieri, Antonella d'Arminio Monforte, Bruno Del Prato, Marino De Rosa, Riccardo Fantini, Giuseppe Fiorentino, Maria Antonia Gammino, Francesco Menzella, Giuseppe Milani, Stefano Nava, Gerardo Palmiero, Barbra Gabrielli, Paolo Rossi, Claudio Sorino, Gundi Steinhilber, Alessandro Zanforlin, Ospedale San Luca, Fabio Franzetti, Manuela Carugati, Manuela Morosi, Elisa Monge, Mauro Carone, Vincenzo Patella, Simone Scarlata, Andrea Comel, Kiyoyasu Kurahashi, Zeina Aoun Bacha, Daniel Barajas Ugalde, Omar Ceballos Zuñiga, José F Villegas, Milic Medenica, Deebya Raj Mihsra, Poojan Shrestha, Elliott Ridgeon, Babatunde Ishola Awokola, Ogonna N O Adefuye Bolanle Olufunlola, Segaolu Olumide, Kingsley N Ukwaja, Muhammad Irfan, Lukasz Minarowski, Skoczyński Szymon, Felipe Froes, Pedro Leuschner, Mariana Meireles, Cláudia Ferrão, João Neves, Abel Salazar, Sofia B Ravara, Victoria Brocovschii, Doina Rusu, Cristina Toma, Daniela Chirita, Carmen Mihaela Dorobat, Alexei Birkun, Anna Kaluzhenina, Abdullah Almotairi, Zakeya Abdulbaqi Ali Bukhary, Jameela Edathodu, Amal Fathy, Abdullah Mushira Abdulaziz Enani, Nazik Eltayeb Mohamed, Jawed Ulhadi Memon, Abdelhaleem Bella, Serbia Nada Bogdanović, Branislava Milenkovic, Dragica Pesut, Luis Borderìas, Noel Manuel Bordon Garcia, Hugo Cabello Alarcón, Catia Cilloniz, Antoni Torres, Vicens Diaz-Brito, Xavier Casas, Alicia Encabo González, Maria Luisa Fernández-Almira, Medicina Interna, Miguel Gallego, Inmaculada Gaspar-GarcÍa, Juan González Del Castillo, Patricia Javaloyes Victoria, Elena Laserna Martínez, Rosa Malo de Molina, Pedro J Marcos, Rosario Menéndez, Ana Pando-Sandoval, Cristina Prat Aymerich, Alicia Lacoma de la Torre, Ignasi García-Olivé, Jordi Rello, Silvia Moyano, Ana Rodrigo-Troyano, Jordi Solé-Violán, Ane Uranga, Job Fm van Boven, Ester Vendrell Torra, Jordi Almirall Pujol, Charles Feldman, Ho Kee Yum, Inje Univ Arnauld Attannon Fiogbe, Ferdaous Yangui, Semra Bilaceroglu, Izmir Dr Levent Dalar, Ufuk Yilmaz, Artemii Bogomolov, Naheed Elahi, Devesh J Dhasmana, Andrew Feneley, Adam T Hill, Banu Rudran, Silvia Ruiz-Buitrago, Marion Campbell, Paul Whitaker, Alexander Youzguin, Anika Singanayagam, C Hancock, David Villafuerte, Karen S Allen, Veronica Brito, Jessica Dietz, Claire E Dysart, Susan M Kellie, Clement J Ricardo A Franco-Sadud, Garnet Meier, Mina Gaga, Thomas L Holland, Stephen P Bergin, Fayez Kheir, Mark Landmeier, Manuel Lois, Girish B Nair, Hemali Patel, Katherine Reyes, William Rodriguez-Cintron, Shigeki Saito, Julio Noda, Cecilia I Hinojosa, Stephanie M Levine, Luis F Reyes, Luis F Angel, K Scott Whitlow, John Hipskind, Kunal Sukhija, Vicken Totten, Richard G Wunderink, Ray D Shah, Kondwelani John Mateyo, Lorena Noriega, Ezequiel Alvarado, Mohamed Aman, Lucía Labra, Marin-Corral J., Pascual-Guardia S., Amati F., Aliberti S., Masclans J.R., Soni N., Rodriguez A., Sibila O., Sanz F., Sotgiu G., Anzueto A., Dimakou K., Petrino R., van de Garde E., Restrepo M.I., Aruj P.K., Attorri S., Barimboim E., Caeiro J.P., Garzon M.I., Cambursano V.H., Adrian Ceccato V.H.D.C.A., Chertcoff J., Lascar F., Di Tulio F., Diaz A.C., de Vedia L., Ganaha M.C., Lambert S., Lopardo G., Luna C.M., Malberti A.G., Morcillo N., Tartara S., Pensotti C., Pereyra B., Scapellato P.G., Stagnaro J.P., Shah S., Lotsch F., Thalhammer F., Anseeuw K., Francois C.A., Van Braeckel E., Vincent J.L., Djimon M.Z., Bashi J., Dodo R., Nouer S.A., Chipev P., Encheva M., Miteva D., Petkova D., Balkissou A.D., Pefura Yone E.W., Mbatchou Ngahane B.H., Shen N., Xu J.-F., Bustamante Rico C.A., Buitrago R., Pereira Paternina F.J., Kayembe Ntumba J.-M., Carevic V.V., Jakopovic M., Jankovic M., Matkovic Z., Mitrecic I., Bouchy Jacobsson M.-L., Christensen A.B., Heitmann Bodtger U.C., Meyer C.N., Jensen A.V., Baunbaek-knudsen G., Petersen P.T., Andersen S., El-Said Abd El-Wahhab I., Morsy N.E., Shafiek H., Sobh E., Abdulsemed K.A., Bertrand F., Brun-Buisson C., de Montmollin E., Fartoukh M., Messika J., Tattevin P., Khoury A., Ebruke B., Dreher M., Kolditz M., Meisinger M., Pletz M.W., Hagel S., Rupp J., Schaberg T., Spielmanns M., Creutz P., Suttorp N., Siaw-Lartey B., Papapetrou D., Tsigou E., Ampazis D., Kaimakamis E., Bhatia M., Dhar R., D'Souza G., Garg R., Koul P.A., Mahesh P.A., Jayaraj B.S., Narayan K.V., Udnur H.B., Krishnamurthy S.B., Kant S., Swarnakar R., Limaye S., Salvi S., Golshani K., Keatings V.M., Martin-Loeches I., Maor Y., Strahilevitz J., Faverio P., Battaglia S., Carrabba M., Ceriana P., Confalonieri M., Monforte A.D., Del Prato B., De Rosa M., Fantini R., Fiorentino G., Gammino M.A., Menzella F., Milani G., Nava S., Palmiero G., Gabrielli B., Rossi P., Sorino C., Steinhilber G., Zanforlin A., San Luca O., Franzetti F., Carugati M., Morosi M., Monge E., Carone M., Patella V., Scarlata S., Comel A., Kurahashi K., Bacha Z.A., Ugalde D.B., Zuniga O.C., Villegas J.F., Medenica M., Mihsra D.R., Shrestha P., Ridgeon E., Awokola B.I., Adefuye Bolanle Olufunlola O.N.O., Olumide S., Ukwaja K.N., Irfan M., Minarowski L., Szymon S., Froes F., Leuschner P., Meireles M., Ferrao C., Neves J., Abel Salazar, Ravara S.B., Brocovschii V., Rusu D., Toma C., Chirita D., Dorobat C.M., Birkun A., Kaluzhenina A., Almotairi A., Ali Bukhary Z.A., Edathodu J., Fathy A., Abdulaziz Enani A.M., Mohamed N.E., Memon J.U., Bella A., Bogdanovic S.N., Milenkovic B., Pesut D., Borderias L., Bordon Garcia N.M., Alarcon H.C., Cilloniz C., Torres A., Diaz-Brito V., Casas X., Gonzalez A.E., Fernandez-Almira M.L., Interna M., Gallego M., Gaspar-GarcIa I., Gonzalez del Castillo J., Victoria P.J., Martinez E.L., Malo de Molina R., Marcos P.J., Menendez R., Pando-Sandoval A., Aymerich C.P., Lacoma de la Torre A., Garcia-Olive I., Rello J., Moyano S., Rodrigo-Troyano A., Sole-Violan J., Uranga A., van Boven J.F., Torra E.V., Pujol J.A., Feldman C., Yum H.K., Arnauld Attannon Fiogbe I.U., Yangui F., Bilaceroglu S., Levent Dalar I.D., Yilmaz U., Bogomolov A., Elahi N., Dhasmana D.J., Feneley A., Hill A.T., Rudran B., Ruiz-Buitrago S., Campbell M., Whitaker P., Youzguin A., Singanayagam A., Hancock C., Villafuerte D., Allen K.S., Brito V., Dietz J., Dysart C.E., Kellie S.M., Ricardo A. Franco-Sadud C.J., Meier G., Gaga M., Holland T.L., Bergin S.P., Kheir F., Landmeier M., Lois M., Nair G.B., Patel H., Reyes K., Rodriguez-Cintron W., Saito S., Noda J., Hinojosa C.I., Levine S.M., Reyes L.F., Angel L.F., Whitlow K.S., Hipskind J., Sukhija K., Totten V., Wunderink R.G., Shah R.D., Mateyo K.J., Noriega L., Alvarado E., Aman M., Labra L., Marin-Corral, Judith, Pascual-Guardia, Sergi, Amati, Francesco, Aliberti, Stefano, R Masclans, Joan, Soni, Nilam, Rodriguez, Alejandro, Sibila, Oriol, Sanz, Francisco, Sotgiu, Giovanni, Anzueto, Antonio, Dimakou, Katerina, Petrino, Roberta, van de Garde, Ewoudt, I Restrepo, Marco, Investigators, Glimp, Karina Aruj, Patricia, Attorri, Silvia, Barimboim, Enrique, Pablo Caeiro, Juan, I Garzón, María, Hugo Cambursano, Victor, A Adrian Ceccato, V H Dr Cazaux, Chertcoff, Julio, Lascar, Florencia, Di Tulio, Fernando, Cordon Díaz, Ariel, de Vedia, Lautaro, Cristina Ganaha, Maria, Lambert, Sandra, Lopardo, Gustavo, M Luna, Carlo, Gerardo Malberti, Alessio, Morcillo, Nora, Tartara, Silvina, Pensotti, Claudia, Pereyra, Betiana, Gustavo Scapellato, Pablo, Pablo Stagnaro, Juan, Shah, Sonali, Lötsch, Felix, Thalhammer, Florian, Anseeuw, Kurt, A Francois, Camille, Van Braeckel, Eva, Louis Vincent, Jean, Zannou Djimon, Marcel, Bashi, Jule, Dodo, Roger, Aranha Nouér, Simone, Chipev, Peter, Encheva, Milena, Miteva, Darina, Petkova, Diana, Dodo Balkissou, Adamou, Walter Pefura Yone, Eric, Hugo Mbatchou Ngahane, Bertrand, Shen, Ning, Xu, Jin-Fu, Andres Bustamante Rico, Carlo, Buitrago, Ricardo, Jose Pereira Paternina, Fernando, Kayembe Ntumba, Jean-Marie, Vladic Carevic, Vesna, Jakopovic, Marko, Jankovic, Mateja, Matkovic, Zinka, Mitrecic, Ivan, Bouchy Jacobsson, Marie-Laure, Bro Christensen, Anette, Christian Heitmann Bødtger, Uffe, Niels Meyer, Christian, Vestergaard Jensen, Andrea, Baunbæk-Knudsen, Gertrud, Trier Petersen, Pelle, Andersen, Stine, El-Said Abd El-Wahhab, Ibrahim, Elsayed Morsy, Nesreen, Shafiek, Hanaa, Sobh, Eman, Abdella Abdulsemed, Kedir, Bertrand, Fabrice, Brun-Buisson, Christian, de Montmollin, Etienne, Fartoukh, Muriel, Messika, Jonathan, Tattevin, Pierre, Khoury, Abdo, Ebruke, Bernard, Dreher, Michael, Kolditz, Martin, Meisinger, Matthia, W Pletz, Mathia, Hagel, Stefan, Rupp, Jan, Schaberg, Tom, Spielmanns, Marc, Creutz, Petra, Suttorp, Norton, Siaw-Lartey, Beatrice, Papapetrou, Dimostheni, Tsigou, Evdoxia, Ampazis, Dimitrio, Kaimakamis, Evangelo, Bhatia, Mohit, Dhar, Raja, D'Souza, George, Garg, Rajiv, A Koul, Parvaiz, A Mahesh, P, S Jayaraj, B, Vishnu Narayan, Kiran, B Udnur, Hirennappa, Bhaskara Krishnamurthy, Shashi, Kant, Surya, Swarnakar, Rajesh, Limaye, Sneha, Salvi, Sundeep, Golshani, Keihan, M Keatings, Vera, Martin-Loeches, Ignacio, Maor, Yasmin, Strahilevitz, Jacob, Faverio, Paola, Battaglia, Salvatore, Carrabba, Maria, Ceriana, Piero, Confalonieri, Marco, d'Arminio Monforte, Antonella, Del Prato, Bruno, De Rosa, Marino, Fantini, Riccardo, Fiorentino, Giuseppe, Antonia Gammino, Maria, Menzella, Francesco, Milani, Giuseppe, Nava, Stefano, Palmiero, Gerardo, Gabrielli, Barbra, Rossi, Paolo, Sorino, Claudio, Steinhilber, Gundi, Zanforlin, Alessandro, San Luca, Ospedale, Franzetti, Fabio, Carugati, Manuela, Morosi, Manuela, Monge, Elisa, Carone, Mauro, Patella, Vincenzo, Scarlata, Simone, Comel, Andrea, Kurahashi, Kiyoyasu, Aoun Bacha, Zeina, Barajas Ugalde, Daniel, Ceballos Zuñiga, Omar, F Villegas, José, Medenica, Milic, Raj Mihsra, Deebya, Shrestha, Poojan, Ridgeon, Elliott, Ishola Awokola, Babatunde, O Adefuye Bolanle Olufunlola, Ogonna N, Olumide, Segaolu, N Ukwaja, Kingsley, Irfan, Muhammad, Minarowski, Lukasz, Szymon, Skoczyński, Froes, Felipe, Leuschner, Pedro, Meireles, Mariana, Ferrão, Cláudia, Neves, João, Salazar, Abel, B Ravara, Sofia, Brocovschii, Victoria, Rusu, Doina, Toma, Cristina, Chirita, Daniela, Mihaela Dorobat, Carmen, Birkun, Alexei, Kaluzhenina, Anna, Almotairi, Abdullah, Abdulbaqi Ali Bukhary, Zakeya, Edathodu, Jameela, Fathy, Amal, Mushira Abdulaziz Enani, Abdullah, Eltayeb Mohamed, Nazik, Ulhadi Memon, Jawed, Bella, Abdelhaleem, Nada Bogdanović, Serbia, Milenkovic, Branislava, Pesut, Dragica, Borderìas, Lui, Manuel Bordon Garcia, Noel, Cabello Alarcón, Hugo, Cilloniz, Catia, Torres, Antoni, Diaz-Brito, Vicen, Casas, Xavier, Encabo González, Alicia, Luisa Fernández-Almira, Maria, Interna, Medicina, Gallego, Miguel, Gaspar-GarcÍa, Inmaculada, González Del Castillo, Juan, Javaloyes Victoria, Patricia, Laserna Martínez, Elena, Malo de Molina, Rosa, J Marcos, Pedro, Menéndez, Rosario, Pando-Sandoval, Ana, Prat Aymerich, Cristina, Lacoma de la Torre, Alicia, García-Olivé, Ignasi, Rello, Jordi, Moyano, Silvia, Rodrigo-Troyano, Ana, Solé-Violán, Jordi, Uranga, Ane, Fm van Boven, Job, Vendrell Torra, Ester, Almirall Pujol, Jordi, Feldman, Charle, Kee Yum, Ho, Univ Arnauld Attannon Fiogbe, Inje, Yangui, Ferdaou, Bilaceroglu, Semra, Dr Levent Dalar, Izmir, Yilmaz, Ufuk, Bogomolov, Artemii, Elahi, Naheed, J Dhasmana, Devesh, Feneley, Andrew, T Hill, Adam, Rudran, Banu, Ruiz-Buitrago, Silvia, Campbell, Marion, Whitaker, Paul, Youzguin, Alexander, Singanayagam, Anika, Hancock, C, Villafuerte, David, S Allen, Karen, Brito, Veronica, Dietz, Jessica, E Dysart, Claire, M Kellie, Susan, A Franco-Sadud, Clement J Ricardo, Meier, Garnet, Gaga, Mina, L Holland, Thoma, P Bergin, Stephen, Kheir, Fayez, Landmeier, Mark, Lois, Manuel, B Nair, Girish, Patel, Hemali, Reyes, Katherine, Rodriguez-Cintron, William, Saito, Shigeki, Noda, Julio, I Hinojosa, Cecilia, M Levine, Stephanie, F Reyes, Lui, F Angel, Lui, Scott Whitlow, K, Hipskind, John, Sukhija, Kunal, Totten, Vicken, G Wunderink, Richard, D Shah, Ray, John Mateyo, Kondwelani, Noriega, Lorena, Alvarado, Ezequiel, Aman, Mohamed, Labra, Lucía, Marin-Corral, J, Pascual-Guardia, S, Amati, F, Aliberti, S, Masclans, J, Soni, N, Rodriguez, A, Sibila, O, Sanz, F, Sotgiu, G, Anzueto, A, Dimakou, K, Petrino, R, van de Garde, E, Restrepo, M, Aruj, P, Attorri, S, Barimboim, E, Caeiro, J, Garzon, M, Cambursano, V, Adrian Ceccato, V, Chertcoff, J, Lascar, F, Di Tulio, F, Diaz, A, de Vedia, L, Ganaha, M, Lambert, S, Lopardo, G, Luna, C, Malberti, A, Morcillo, N, Tartara, S, Pensotti, C, Pereyra, B, Scapellato, P, Stagnaro, J, Shah, S, Lotsch, F, Thalhammer, F, Anseeuw, K, Francois, C, Van Braeckel, E, Vincent, J, Djimon, M, Bashi, J, Dodo, R, Nouer, S, Chipev, P, Encheva, M, Miteva, D, Petkova, D, Balkissou, A, Pefura Yone, E, Mbatchou Ngahane, B, Shen, N, Xu, J, Bustamante Rico, C, Buitrago, R, Pereira Paternina, F, Kayembe Ntumba, J, Carevic, V, Jakopovic, M, Jankovic, M, Matkovic, Z, Mitrecic, I, Bouchy Jacobsson, M, Christensen, A, Heitmann Bodtger, U, Meyer, C, Jensen, A, Baunbaek-knudsen, G, Petersen, P, Andersen, S, El-Said Abd El-Wahhab, I, Morsy, N, Shafiek, H, Sobh, E, Abdulsemed, K, Bertrand, F, Brun-Buisson, C, de Montmollin, E, Fartoukh, M, Messika, J, Tattevin, P, Khoury, A, Ebruke, B, Dreher, M, Kolditz, M, Meisinger, M, Pletz, M, Hagel, S, Rupp, J, Schaberg, T, Spielmanns, M, Creutz, P, Suttorp, N, Siaw-Lartey, B, Papapetrou, D, Tsigou, E, Ampazis, D, Kaimakamis, E, Bhatia, M, Dhar, R, D'Souza, G, Garg, R, Koul, P, Mahesh, P, Jayaraj, B, Narayan, K, Udnur, H, Krishnamurthy, S, Kant, S, Swarnakar, R, Limaye, S, Salvi, S, Golshani, K, Keatings, V, Martin-Loeches, I, Maor, Y, Strahilevitz, J, Faverio, P, Battaglia, S, Carrabba, M, Ceriana, P, Confalonieri, M, Monforte, A, Del Prato, B, De Rosa, M, Fantini, R, Fiorentino, G, Gammino, M, Menzella, F, Milani, G, Nava, S, Palmiero, G, Gabrielli, B, Rossi, P, Sorino, C, Steinhilber, G, Zanforlin, A, San Luca, O, Franzetti, F, Carugati, M, Morosi, M, Monge, E, Carone, M, Patella, V, Scarlata, S, Comel, A, Kurahashi, K, Bacha, Z, Ugalde, D, Zuniga, O, Villegas, J, Medenica, M, Mihsra, D, Shrestha, P, Ridgeon, E, Awokola, B, Adefuye Bolanle Olufunlola, O, Olumide, S, Ukwaja, K, Irfan, M, Minarowski, L, Szymon, S, Froes, F, Leuschner, P, Meireles, M, Ferrao, C, Neves, J, Abel, S, Ravara, S, Brocovschii, V, Rusu, D, Toma, C, Chirita, D, Dorobat, C, Birkun, A, Kaluzhenina, A, Almotairi, A, Ali Bukhary, Z, Edathodu, J, Fathy, A, Abdulaziz Enani, A, Mohamed, N, Memon, J, Bella, A, Bogdanovic, S, Milenkovic, B, Pesut, D, Borderias, L, Bordon Garcia, N, Alarcon, H, Cilloniz, C, Torres, A, Diaz-Brito, V, Casas, X, Gonzalez, A, Fernandez-Almira, M, Interna, M, Gallego, M, Gaspar-GarcIa, I, Gonzalez del Castillo, J, Victoria, P, Martinez, E, Malo de Molina, R, Marcos, P, Menendez, R, Pando-Sandoval, A, Aymerich, C, Lacoma de la Torre, A, Garcia-Olive, I, Rello, J, Moyano, S, Rodrigo-Troyano, A, Sole-Violan, J, Uranga, A, van Boven, J, Torra, E, Pujol, J, Feldman, C, Yum, H, Arnauld Attannon Fiogbe, I, Yangui, F, Bilaceroglu, S, Levent Dalar, I, Yilmaz, U, Bogomolov, A, Elahi, N, Dhasmana, D, Feneley, A, Hill, A, Rudran, B, Ruiz-Buitrago, S, Campbell, M, Whitaker, P, Youzguin, A, Singanayagam, A, Villafuerte, D, Allen, K, Brito, V, Dietz, J, Dysart, C, Kellie, S, Ricardo, A, Meier, G, Gaga, M, Holland, T, Bergin, S, Kheir, F, Landmeier, M, Lois, M, Nair, G, Patel, H, Reyes, K, Rodriguez-Cintron, W, Saito, S, Noda, J, Hinojosa, C, Levine, S, Reyes, L, Angel, L, Whitlow, K, Hipskind, J, Sukhija, K, Totten, V, Wunderink, R, Shah, R, Mateyo, K, Noriega, L, Alvarado, E, Aman, M, and Labra, L
Subjects: Male, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.drug_class, Aspiration risk, Antibiotics, Nursing home resident, Settore MED/10 - Malattie Dell'Apparato Respiratorio, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Microbiology, anaerobic, aspiration, bacteria, pneumonia, risk factors, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Community-acquired pneumonia, Taverne, Anti-Bacterial Agent, medicine, Humans, Community-Acquired Infection, 030212 general & internal medicine, Stroke, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, Respiratory Aspiration, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Antibiotic coverage, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Community-Acquired Infections, Hospitalization, Pneumonia, 030228 respiratory system, Risk factors, risk factor, Female, Underweight, medicine.symptom, business, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Abstract: Background: Aspiration community-acquired pneumonia (ACAP) and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in patients with aspiration risk factors (AspRFs) are infections associated with anaerobes, but limited evidence suggests their pathogenic role. Research Question: What are the aspiration risk factors, microbiology patterns, and empiric anti-anaerobic use in patients hospitalized with CAP? Study Design and Methods: This is a secondary analysis of GLIMP, an international, multicenter, point-prevalence study of adults hospitalized with CAP. Patients were stratified into three groups: (1) ACAP, (2) CAP/AspRF+ (CAP with AspRF), and (3) CAP/AspRF- (CAP without AspRF). Data on demographics, comorbidities, microbiological results, and anti-anaerobic antibiotics were analyzed in all groups. Patients were further stratified in severe and nonsevere CAP groups. Results: We enrolled 2,606 patients with CAP, of which 193 (7.4%) had ACAP. Risk factors independently associated with ACAP were male, bedridden, underweight, a nursing home resident, and having a history of stroke, dementia, mental illness, and enteral tube feeding. Among non-ACAP patients, 1,709 (70.8%) had CAP/AspRF+ and 704 (29.2%) had CAP/AspRF-. Microbiology patterns including anaerobes were similar between CAP/AspRF-, CAP/AspRF+ and ACAP (0.0% vs 1.03% vs 1.64%). Patients with severe ACAP had higher rates of total gram-negative bacteria (64.3% vs 44.3% vs 33.3%, P =.021) and lower rates of total gram-positive bacteria (7.1% vs 38.1% vs 50.0%, P 50% in all groups) independent of AspRFs or ACAP received specific or broad-spectrum anti-anaerobic coverage antibiotics. Interpretation: Hospitalized patients with ACAP or CAP/AspRF+ had similar anaerobic flora compared with patients without aspiration risk factors. Gram-negative bacteria were more prevalent in patients with severe ACAP. Despite having similar microbiological flora between groups, a large proportion of CAP patients received anti-anaerobic antibiotic coverage.
Published: 2021

24. Chest and Cardiac Findings on High-Resolution Computed Tomography in Children on Regular Hemodialysis with Abnormal Spirometry

Author: Manal Abdelsalam, Rehab M. Hamdy, Eman Sobh, and Fadila M. Elsayed
Subjects: Spirometry, kidney, lcsh:Internal medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, High-resolution computed tomography, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, respiratory system, pediatric pulmonology, Hemodialysis, HRCT, Medicine, Pediatric Pulmonology, Radiology, lcsh:RC31-1245, business
Abstract: Objective: To study the high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings of children on hemodialysis with abnormal spirometry. Methods: This descriptive study included 25 children with chronic kidney disease on regular hemodialysis. They were selected from a pediatric hemodialysis unit during the period from June 2015 to January 2016. Spirometry was done, and those with abnormal values were assessed by HRCT of the chest and echocardiography. Results: Among 25 children with abnormal spirometry on regular hemodialysis, there was a decrease in spirometric indices in patients on hemodialysis with a tendency to the restrictive pattern (19 patients; 76%). The following HRCT findings were detected: bilateral mild lower-lobe air trapping (centrilobular emphysema) in 14 patients (56%), diffuse bilateral ground-glass appearance in 2 patients (8%), mild hilar and perihilar bronchiectasis in 5 patients (20%), and cardiomegaly in 3 patients (12%). Conclusion: Our results suggest that HRCT revealed many pathological findings that could not be detected on the chest X-ray, and some of these findings may explain the abnormal indications observed on spirometry.
Published: 2017
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25. Diagnostic utility of gene X-pert in the diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion

Author: Naira Farghaly, Magd M. Galal El-Din, Zeinab R. Adawy, and Eman Sobh
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Tuberculosis, General Immunology and Microbiology, business.industry, MEDLINE, General Medicine, medicine.disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Infectious Diseases, Tuberculous pleural effusion, 030228 respiratory system, Medicine, Molecular diagnostic techniques, 030212 general & internal medicine, Radiology, business
Published: 2018
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26. Atherosclerosis is Associated Comorbidity in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Ultrasound Assessment of Carotid Intima Media Thickness

Author: Lobna K. Sakr, Omaima I. Abo-Elkheir, Eman Sobh, and Manal R. Hafez
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, lcsh:Internal medicine, Arterial stiffness in COPD, Pulmonary disease, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, In patient, carotid intima media thickness, cardiovascular diseases, lcsh:RC31-1245, COPD, business.industry, cardiovascular risk in COPD, Ultrasound, medicine.disease, Comorbidity, respiratory tract diseases, 030228 respiratory system, Intima-media thickness, Cardiology, cardiovascular system, atherosclerosis, business, circulatory and respiratory physiology
Abstract: Objective: To assess atherosclerotic comorbidity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and its relationship to COPD severity, hypoxemia, and hypercapnia. Methods: A hospital-based observational case-control study was conducted on 86 male COPD patients, and 86 age-matched healthy subjects (non-COPD group). Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) was assessed by Doppler ultrasound; in addition, spirometry and arterial blood gas tests were done. Results: CIMT was significantly increased in the COPD group compared to the non-COPD group (0.84±0.15 vs. 0.63±0.076, p
Published: 2016

27. The pattern of tuberculosis in Aswan Chest Hospital, Egypt

Author: Mahmoud Ahmed Arafa, Sayed Kinawy, Yasser Mohamad Ahmad Abdelkarim, and Eman Sobh
Subjects: Adult, Male, Microbiology (medical), Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Tuberculosis, Adolescent, lcsh:QR1-502, Reproductive age, Younger people, lcsh:Microbiology, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Pulmonary tuberculosis, Humans, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Extrapulmonary tuberculosis, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, Incidence, Medical record, Age Factors, Infant, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Hospitals, Surgery, Cross-Sectional Studies, Infectious Diseases, 030228 respiratory system, Child, Preschool, Egypt, Female, business, Pulmonary tb
Abstract: Objective/background Tuberculosis (TB) is a major health problem. The aim of this study was to examine the pattern of TB in Aswan Chest Hospital, Aswan, Egypt. Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out using medical records from the TB registry in Aswan Chest Hospital. The investigated variables included demographic characteristics, type of TB infection, and affected organs. All data were coded and statistically analyzed. Results The average age of the 557 patients infected with TB was 40.31 ± 18.87 years; 58.2% of the cases were men and 41.8% were women. In both sexes, the highest number of TB patients was from the reproductive age groups. During the 5-year study period, the highest percentage of cases were new cases and the highest frequency of cases was during 2011 and the lowest frequency was during 2015. Pulmonary TB cases showed a sharp decline; however, there was a decrease in extrapulmonary TB cases during 2012 and 2013, with a slight rise in 2014 and 2015. Of the pulmonary TB cases, 82.5% were smear-positive TB. Conclusion There was a decline in the total number of TB cases across the studied years and the most studied cases were pulmonary smear-positive and new cases. Younger people represented a large percentage of reported cases.
Published: 2016

28. Role of thoracic ultrasound in the diagnosis of pneumonia

Author: Fatma Gamal, Eman Sobh, and Sabah S. Oraby
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Ultrasound, Atelectasis, Computed tomography, Thoracic ultrasound, medicine.disease, respiratory tract diseases, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Parapneumonic effusion, 03 medical and health sciences, Pneumonia, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Radiology, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Background: Thoracic ultrasound (US) has been shown to be highly effective in evaluating a range of pathologic conditions. Objectives: to evaluate the role of ultrasound in the diagnosis of pneumonia. Methods: a cross-sectional study included 55 patients suspected to have pneumonia. All patients have been subjected to chest X-ray, computed tomography (CT) and thoracic US. Results: ultrasound had 100% sensitivity and 91.2% specificity with accuracy 98.2% in diagnosis of pneumonia compared to CT. While the sensitivity, specificity & accuracy of chest x-ray were 74.4%, 25% & 63.3% respectively. US was better than CT for diagnosis of parapneumonic effusion & cavitation. The most sign suggesting consolidation was tissue like sign with irregular margins (90.0%) a the added value was its able to differentiate between simple pneumonia and post-stenotic pneumonia, atelectasis, and mass.
Published: 2017
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29. Yield of medical thoracoscopy in undiagnosed exudative pleural effusion: a 3-year retrospective multicenter study

Author: Mahmoud El-Saeed Ahmed, Eman Sobh, and Sawsan B. Elsawy
Subjects: undiagnosed pleural effusion, medicine.medical_specialty, Tuberculosis, medicine.diagnostic_test, Pleural effusion, business.industry, thoracoscopy, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Malignancy, RC31-1245, Exudative pleural effusion, pleural effusion, Multicenter study, Etiology, medicine, Thoracoscopy, exudative pleural effusion, pleural biopsy, Radiology, Medical diagnosis, business, Internal medicine
Abstract: Background The diagnosis of the etiology of exudative pleural effusion is a great challenge in clinical practice. Aims To evaluate the diagnostic value of medical thoracoscope in unexplained exudative effusions and the frequency of various diagnoses in a multicenter study in Egypt. Patients and methods A retrospective analysis was done of all thoracoscopies done at our centers for diagnosis of the cause of the exudative pleural effusion. Results Among 542 thoracoscopies performed at our centers, definite diagnosis was reached in 476 (87.8%) cases. Malignancy was the most common diagnosis (60.7%) followed by tuberculosis (24.5%). Conclusion Thoracoscopy was a safe and efficient tool for diagnosis. Malignancy and tuberculosis were the most common etiologies.
Published: 2020
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30. Assessment of M-mode index of obstruction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Author: Sawsan B. Elsawy, Sanaa F Qutb, Sabah S. Oraby, and Eman Sobh
Subjects: Spirometry, COPD, Vital capacity, medicine.medical_specialty, Diaphragm contraction, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, medicine.disease, Diaphragm (structural system), FEV1/FVC ratio, Internal medicine, medicine, Cardiology, Expiration, Diaphragmatic excursion, business
Abstract: Background Diaphragm motion during forced expiration can be analyzed using M-mode ultrasound in an anterior subcostal approach. Maximal expiratory diaphragmatic excursion and forced expiratory diaphragmatic excursion in the first second physiologically mimic forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), respectively, and may be used as a marker of obstruction. Aim The aim of the work was to assess the role of the M-mode index of obstruction (MIO) as a screening test (tool) for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Patients and methods This case–control study involved 200 participants (100 patients with COPD and 100 age-matched and sex-matched healthy controls). The authors performed spirometry and the diaphragm ultrasonography, during forced expiration. MIO was calculated as the slope of diaphragmatic excursion in first second/slope of diaphragmatic excursion at end of expiration. Results Diaphragmatic excursion was significantly lower in COPD group than control group (4.27±1.49 vs 5.36±1.67 for slope in the first second of expiration, 4.82±1.55 vs 5.72±1.57 for maximum slope at the end of expiration, 4.42±1.53 vs 5.44±1.69 for velocity of diaphragm contraction in first second, and 2.40±1.04 vs 3.52±1.26 for velocity of diaphragm contraction at the end of expiration; P= Conclusion Diaphragmatic excursion during forced expiration is significantly decreased in COPD in comparison with the control group. MIO is significantly lower in COPD in comparison with control and significantly correlated with FEV1/FVC.
Published: 2020
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31. The interoperator agreement and reliability of measurement of diaphragmatic movement by ultrasonography in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Author: Zeinab R. Adawy, Amani Ezz-Elarab, Eman Sobh, and YasmeenM Elkabany
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Diaphragmatic movement, medicine, Pulmonary disease, In patient, Radiology, Ultrasonography, business, Reliability (statistics)
Published: 2019
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32. Pulmonary fungal infection in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Author: Eman Sobh, Magd M. Galal El-Din, Manal R. Hafez, Radwa S. Ibrahim, and Eman M Mahmoud
Subjects: Spirometry, Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, medicine.drug_class, Systemic steroid, business.industry, Antibiotics, medicine.disease, Bronchoalveolar lavage, Internal medicine, medicine, Sputum, In patient, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Background Pulmonary fungal infection (PFI) is increasing among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Survival depends on rapid diagnosis and early treatment. Aims To assess the prevalence of PFI in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD), and to investigate the clinical, demographic, and radiological findings related to PFI in COPD patients. Patients and methods This observational cross-sectional study was conducted on 80 patients with AECOPD. High-resolution computed tomography, fiberoptic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage, spirometry, sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fungal culture and measurements of serum 1, 3 beta-D-glucan (BDG) were done for all patients. They were classified into possible PFI and probable PFI based on the Bulpa and colleagues criteria. Results Among the 80 studied patients, 19 patients had possible PFI, and 61 patients had probable PFI; of them 12 patients had positive BDG and 49 had negative BDG. The use of either systemic steroids and/or antibiotics in the last 3 months was higher in patients with probable PFI than those with possible PFI (P=0.003). The daily dose (mg/kg) and duration of systemic steroids were higher in patients with probable PFI (P=0.001). The use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), its dose, and its duration did not differ between both groups. Conclusion Probable PFI is prevalent among patients with AECOPD 61 (76.3%); of them 19.7% was invasive form. PFI in AECOPD is related to the use, dose, and duration of systemic steroids and antibiotic use in the last 3 months. Therefore, a lower dose or interrupted course of systemic steroid must be considered in COPD patients.
Published: 2019
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33. Role of thoracic ultrasound in children with chronic kidney disease

Author: Saneya Abd El-Halim Fahmy, Eman Sobh, Naglaa Abd El-Moneam Abd Allah, and Amira I Al-Masry
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Pleural effusion, medicine.medical_treatment, Atelectasis, medicine.disease, Pericardial effusion, Pulmonary hypertension, medicine, Hemodialysis, Radiology, Chest radiograph, business, Dialysis, Kidney disease
Abstract: Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and dialysis may affect different body systems such as the cardiovascular, respiratory, and musculoskeletal system dysfunction. Pulmonary complications reported in patients with CKD include pulmonary edema, pleural effusion, pulmonary hypertension, respiratory infections, pulmonary fibrosis, and hypoxemia. Ultrasound (US) is a simple noninvasive method that is available at the bedside. It can be used to guide diagnostic and therapeutic decisions and monitor efficacy of treatment; in addition, sonographic signs are simple to learn. Aim The aim of the work was to evaluate thoracic ultrasound (TUS) findings in children of CKD and those on regular hemodialysis. Patients and methods This was a cross-sectional comparative study that was carried out on 90 children; their age ranged from 4 to 17 years. We included two groups: the first group comprised 60 patients with CKD: 30 of them on regular hemodialysis and the other 30 children with CKD not on hemodialysis. The second group was the control group (30 children). Medical history, clinical examination, anthropometric measurement, and routine laboratory studies were done. Chest radiograph and TUS were done for all patients. Computed tomography (CT) chest was done when indicated, whereas TUS in dialysis cases was done before and after dialysis. All groups were age and sex matched. Results Among the dialysis group patients, there was no significant difference between CT, US, and radiograph regarding lung congestion, consolidation, pericardial effusion, and pleural effusion. On the contrary, air trapping, cavity, granuloma, and calcified nodules were detected only with CT. US was sensitive to detect fluid overload even when body weight was below the estimated dry weight by 300 g, and B-lines more than 14 is a cutoff point with high sensitivity. In patients with CKD not on dialysis, there was no significant difference between radiograph, CT, and US chest findings regarding lung congestion, consolidation, pleural effusion, and atelectasis. Conclusion Chest US is a useful tool for the detection of pulmonary complications in pediatrics on regular hemodialysis. The technique is sensitive for detecting fluid overload and can be used for follow-up.
Published: 2019
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34. Global initiative for meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia (GLIMP): an international, observational cohort study

Author: Stefano Aliberti, Luis F Reyes, Paola Faverio, Giovanni Sotgiu, Simone Dore, Alejandro H Rodriguez, Nilam J Soni, Marcos I Restrepo, Patricia Karina Aruj, Silvia Attorri, Enrique Barimboim, Juan Pablo Caeiro, María I Garzón, Victor Hugo Cambursano, Adrian Ceccato, Julio Chertcoff, Florencia Lascar, Fernando Di Tulio, Ariel Cordon Díaz, Lautaro de Vedia, Maria Cristina Ganaha, Sandra Lambert, Gustavo Lopardo, Carlos M Luna, Alessio Gerardo Malberti, Nora Morcillo, Silvina Tartara, Claudia Pensotti, Betiana Pereyra, Pablo Gustavo Scapellato, Juan Pablo Stagnaro, Sonali Shah, Felix Lötsch, Florian Thalhammer, Jean Louis Vincent, Kurt Anseeuw, Camille A Francois, Eva Van Braeckel, Marcel Zannou Djimon, Jules Bashi, Roger Dodo, Simone Aranha Nouér, Peter Chipev, Milena Encheva, Darina Miteva, Diana Petkova, Adamou Dodo Balkissou, Eric Walter Pefura Yone, Bertrand Hugo Mbatchou Ngahane, Ning Shen, Jin-fu Xu, Carlos Andres Bustamante Rico, Ricardo Buitrago, Fernando Jose Pereira Paternina, Jean-Marie Kayembe Ntumba, Vesna Vladic Carevic, Marko Jakopovic, Mateja Jankovic, Zinka Matkovic, Ivan Mitrecic, Marie-Laure Bouchy Jacobsson, Anette Bro Christensen, Uffe Christian Heitmann Bødtger, Christian Niels Meyer, Andreas Vestergaard Jensen, Gertrud Baunbæk-knudsen, Pelle Trier Petersen, Stine Andersen, Ibrahim El-Said Abd El-Wahhab, Nesreen Elsayed Morsy, Hanaa Shafiek, Eman Sobh, Kedir Abdella Abdulsemed, Fabrice Bertrand, Christian Brun-Buisson, Etienne de Montmollin, Muriel Fartoukh, Jonathan Messika, Pierre Tattevin, Abdo Khoury, Bernard Ebruke, Michael Dreher, Martin Kolditz, Matthias Meisinger, Mathias W Pletz, Stefan Hagel, Jan Rupp, Tom Schaberg, Marc Spielmanns, Petra Creutz, Norton Suttorp, Beatrice Siaw-Lartey, Katerina Dimakou, Dimosthenis Papapetrou, Evdoxia Tsigou, Dimitrios Ampazis, Evangelos Kaimakamis, Mohit Bhatia, Raja Dhar, George D'Souza, Rajiv Garg, Parvaiz A Koul, P A Mahesh, B S Jayaraj, Kiran Vishnu Narayan, Hirennappa B Udnur, Shashi Bhaskara Krishnamurthy, Surya Kant, Rajesh Swarnakar, Sneha Limaye, Sundeep Salvi, Keihan Golshani, Vera M Keatings, Ignacio Martin-Loeches, Yasmin Maor, Jacob Strahilevitz, Salvatore Battaglia, Maria Carrabba, Piero Ceriana, Marco Confalonieri, Antonella d'Arminio Monforte, Bruno Del Prato, Marino De Rosa, Riccardo Fantini, Giuseppe Fiorentino, Maria Antonia Gammino, Francesco Menzella, Giuseppe Milani, Stefano Nava, Gerardo Palmiero, Roberta Petrino, Barbra Gabrielli, Paolo Rossi, Claudio Sorino, Gundi Steinhilber, Alessandro Zanforlin, Fabio Franzetti, Manuela Carugati, Manuela Morosi, Elisa Monge, Mauro Carone, Vincenzo Patella, Simone Scarlata, Andrea Comel, Kiyoyasu Kurahashi, Zeina Aoun Bacha, Daniel Barajas Ugalde, Omar Ceballos Zuñiga, José F Villegas, Milic Medenica, E M W van de Garde, Deebya Raj Mihsra, Poojan Shrestha, Elliott Ridgeon, Babatunde Ishola Awokola, Ogonna N O Nwankwo, Adefuye Bolanle Olufunlola, Segaolu Olumide, Kingsley N Ukwaja, Muhammad Irfan, Lukasz Minarowski, Skoczynski Szymon, Felipe Froes, Pedro Leuschner, Mariana Meireles, Cláudia Ferrão, João Neves, Sofia B Ravara, Victoria Brocovschii, Chesov Ion, Doina Rusu, Cristina Toma, Daniela Chirita, Carmen Mihaela Dorobat, Alexei Birkun, Anna Kaluzhenina, Abdullah Almotairi, Zakeya Abdulbaqi Ali Bukhary, Jameela Edathodu, Amal Fathy, Abdullah Mushira Abdulaziz Enani, Nazik Eltayeb Mohamed, Jawed Ulhadi Memon, Abdelhaleem Bella, Nada Bogdanovic, Branislava Milenkovic, Dragica Pesut, Luis Borderìas, Noel Manuel Bordon Garcia, Hugo Cabello Alarcón, Catia Cilloniz, Antoni Torres, Vicens Diaz-Brito, Xavier Casas, Alicia Encabo González, Maria Luisa Fernández-Almira, Miguel Gallego, Inmaculada Gaspar-GarcÍa, Juan González del Castillo, Patricia Javaloyes Victoria, Elena Laserna Martínez, Rosa Malo de Molina, Pedro J Marcos, Rosario Menéndez, Ana Pando-Sandoval, Cristina Prat Aymerich, Alicia Lacoma de la Torre, Ignasi García-Olivé, Jordi Rello, Silvia Moyano, Francisco Sanz, Oriol Sibila, Ana Rodrigo-Troyano, Jordi Solé-Violán, Ane Uranga, Job FM van Boven, Ester Vendrell Torra, Jordi Almirall Pujol, Charles Feldman, Ho Kee Yum, Arnauld Attannon Fiogbe, Ferdaous Yangui, Semra Bilaceroglu, Levent Dalar, Ufuk Yilmaz, Artemii Bogomolov, Naheed Elahi, Devesh J Dhasmana, Andrew Feneley, Rhiannon Ions, Julie Skeemer, Gerrit Woltmann, Carole Hancock, Adam T Hill, Banu Rudran, Silvia Ruiz-Buitrago, Marion Campbell, Paul Whitaker, Alexander Youzguin, Anika Singanayagam, Karen S Allen, Veronica Brito, Jessica Dietz, Claire E Dysart, Susan M Kellie, Ricardo A Franco-Sadud, Garnet Meier, Mina Gaga, Thomas L Holland, Stephen P Bergin, Fayez Kheir, Mark Landmeier, Manuel Lois, Girish B Nair, Hemali Patel, Katherine Reyes, William Rodriguez-Cintron, Shigeki Saito, Julio Noda, Cecilia I Hinojosa, Stephanie M Levine, Luis F Angel, Antonio Anzueto, K Scott Whitlow, John Hipskind, Kunal Sukhija, Vicken Totten, Richard G Wunderink, Ray D Shah, Kondwelani John Mateyo, Lorena Noriega, Ezequiel Alvarado, Mohamed Aman, Lucía Labra, Aliberti, S., Reyes, L. F., Faverio, P., Sotgiu, G., Dore, S., Rodriguez, A. H., Soni, N. J., Restrepo, M. I., Aruj, P. K., Attorri, S., Barimboim, E., Caeiro, J. P., Garzon, M. I., Cambursano, Vh., Ceccato, A., Chertcoff, J., Lascar, F., Di Tulio, F., Cordon Diaz, A., de Vedia, L., Ganaha, M. C., Lambert, S., Lopardo, G., Luna, C. M., Malberti, A. G., Morcillo, N., Tartara, S., Pensotti, C., Pereyra, B., Scapellato, P. G., Stagnaro, J. P., Shah, S., Lotsch, F., Thalhammer, F., Vincent, J. L., Anseeuw, K., Francois, C. A., Van Braeckel, E., Djimon, M. Z., Bashi, J., Dodo, R., Aranha Nouer, S., Chipev, P., Encheva, M., Miteva, D., Petkova, D., Balkissou, A. D., Pefura Yone, E. W., Mbatchou Ngahane, B. H., Shen, N., Xu, J. F., Bustamante Rico, C. A., Buitrago, R., Pereira Paternina, F. J., Kayembe Ntumba, J. M., Vladic Carevic, V., Jakopovic, M., Jankovic, M., Matkovic, Z., Mitrecic, I., Bouchy Jacobsson, M. L., Bro Christensen, A., Heitmann Bodtger, U. C., Meyer, C. N., Vestergaard Jensen, A., Baunbaek-Knudsen, G., Trier Petersen, P., Andersen, S., El-Said Abd El-Wahhab, I., Elsayed Morsy, N., Shafiek, H., Sobh, E., Abdulsemed, K. A., Bertrand, F., Brun-Buisson, C., de Montmollin, E., Fartoukh, M., Messika, J., Tattevin, P., Khoury, A., Ebruke, B., Dreher, M., Kolditz, M., Meisinger, M., Pletz, M. W., Hagel, S., Rupp, J., Schaberg, T., Spielmanns, M., Creutz, P., Suttorp, N., Siaw-Lartey, B., Dimakou, K., Papapetrou, D., Tsigou, E., Ampazis, D., Kaimakamis, E., Bhatia, M., Dhar, R., D'Souza, G., Garg, R., Koul, P. A., Mahesh, P. A., Jayaraj, B. S., Narayan, K. V., Udnur, H. B., Krishnamurthy, S. B., Kant, S., Swarnakar, R., Limaye, S., Salvi, S., Golshani, K., Keatings, V. M., Martin-Loeches, I., Maor, Y., Strahilevitz, J., Battaglia, S., Carrabba, M., Ceriana, P., Confalonieri, M., d'Arminio Monforte, A., Del Prato, B., De Rosa, M., Fantini, R., Fiorentino, G., Gammino, M. A., Menzella, F., Milani, G., Nava, S., Palmiero, G., Petrino, R., Gabrielli, B., Rossi, P., Sorino, C., Steinhilber, G., Zanforlin, A., Franzetti, F., Carugati, M., Morosi, M., Monge, E., Carone, M., Patella, V., Scarlata, S., Comel, A., Kurahashi, K., Aoun Bacha, Z., Barajas Ugalde, D., Ceballos Zuniga, O., Villegas, J. F., Medenica, M., van de Garde, Emw., Raj Mihsra, D., Shrestha, P., Ridgeon, E., Ishola Awokola, B., Nwankwo, Ono., Olufunlola, A. B., Olumide, S., Ukwaja, K. N., Irfan, M., Minarowski, L., Szymon, S., Froes, F., Leuschner, P., Meireles, M., Ferrao, C., Neves, J., Ravara, S. B., Brocovschii, V., Ion, C., Rusu, D., Toma, C., Chirita, D., Dorobat, C. M., Birkun, A., Kaluzhenina, A., Almotairi, A., Bukhary, Zaa., Edathodu, J., Fathy, A., Mushira Abdulaziz Enani, A., Eltayeb Mohamed, N., Ulhadi Memon, J., Bella, A., Bogdanovic, N., Milenkovic, B., Pesut, D., Borderias, L., Bordon Garcia, N. M., Cabello Alarcon, H., Cilloniz, C., Torres, A., Diaz-Brito, V., Casas, X., Encabo Gonzalez, A., Fernandez-Almira, M. L., Gallego, M., Gaspar-GarcIa, I., Gonzalez Del Castillo, J., Javaloyes Victoria, P., Laserna Martinez, E., Malo de Molina, R., Marcos, P. J., Menendez, R., Pando-Sandoval, A., Prat Aymerich, C., Lacoma de la Torre, A., Garcia-Olive, I., Rello, J., Moyano, S., Sanz, F., Sibila, O., Rodrigo-Troyano, A., Sole-Violan, J., Uranga, A., van Boven, J. F., Vendrell Torra, E., Pujol, J. A., Feldman, C., Kee Yum, H., Fiogbe, A. A., Yangui, F., Bilaceroglu, S., Dalar, L., Yilmaz, U., Bogomolov, A., Elahi, N., Dhasmana, D. J., Feneley, A., Ions, R., Skeemer, J., Woltmann, G., Hancock, C., Hill, A. T., Rudran, B., Ruiz-Buitrago, S., Campbell, M., Whitaker, P., Youzguin, A., Singanayagam, A., Allen, K. S., Brito, V., Dietz, J., Dysart, C. E., Kellie, S. M., Franco-Sadud, R. A., Meier, G., Gaga, M., Holland, T. L., Bergin, S. P., Kheir, F., Landmeier, M., Lois, M., Nair, G. B., Patel, H., Reyes, K., Rodriguez-Cintron, W., Saito, S., Noda, J., Hinojosa, C. I., Levine, S. M., Angel, L. F., Anzueto, A., Whitlow, K. S., Hipskind, J., Sukhija, K., Totten, V., Wunderink, R. G., Shah, R. D., Mateyo, K. J., Noriega, L., Alvarado, E., Aman, M., Labra, L., Aliberti S., Reyes L.F., Faverio P., Sotgiu G., Dore S., Rodriguez A.H., Soni N.J., Restrepo M.I., Aruj P.K., Attorri S., Barimboim E., Caeiro J.P., Garzon M.I., Cambursano VH., Ceccato A., Chertcoff J., Lascar F., Di Tulio F., Cordon Diaz A., de Vedia L., Ganaha M.C., Lambert S., Lopardo G., Luna C.M., Malberti A.G., Morcillo N., Tartara S., Pensotti C., Pereyra B., Scapellato P.G., Stagnaro J.P., Shah S., Lotsch F., Thalhammer F., Vincent J.L., Anseeuw K., Francois C.A., Van Braeckel E., Djimon M.Z., Bashi J., Dodo R., Aranha Nouer S., Chipev P., Encheva M., Miteva D., Petkova D., Balkissou A.D., Pefura Yone E.W., Mbatchou Ngahane B.H., Shen N., Xu J.F., Bustamante Rico C.A., Buitrago R., Pereira Paternina F.J., Kayembe Ntumba J.M., Vladic Carevic V., Jakopovic M., Jankovic M., Matkovic Z., Mitrecic I., Bouchy Jacobsson M.L., Bro Christensen A., Heitmann Bodtger U.C., Meyer C.N., Vestergaard Jensen A., Baunbaek-Knudsen G., Trier Petersen P., Andersen S., El-Said Abd El-Wahhab I., Elsayed Morsy N., Shafiek H., Sobh E., Abdulsemed K.A., Bertrand F., Brun-Buisson C., de Montmollin E., Fartoukh M., Messika J., Tattevin P., Khoury A., Ebruke B., Dreher M., Kolditz M., Meisinger M., Pletz M.W., Hagel S., Rupp J., Schaberg T., Spielmanns M., Creutz P., Suttorp N., Siaw-Lartey B., Dimakou K., Papapetrou D., Tsigou E., Ampazis D., Kaimakamis E., Bhatia M., Dhar R., D'Souza G., Garg R., Koul P.A., Mahesh P.A., Jayaraj B.S., Narayan K.V., Udnur H.B., Krishnamurthy S.B., Kant S., Swarnakar R., Limaye S., Salvi S., Golshani K., Keatings V.M., Martin-Loeches I., Maor Y., Strahilevitz J., Battaglia S., Carrabba M., Ceriana P., Confalonieri M., d'Arminio Monforte A., Del Prato B., De Rosa M., Fantini R., Fiorentino G., Gammino M.A., Menzella F., Milani G., Nava S., Palmiero G., Petrino R., Gabrielli B., Rossi P., Sorino C., Steinhilber G., Zanforlin A., Franzetti F., Carugati M., Morosi M., Monge E., Carone M., Patella V., Scarlata S., Comel A., Kurahashi K., Aoun Bacha Z., Barajas Ugalde D., Ceballos Zuniga O., Villegas J.F., Medenica M., van de Garde EMW., Raj Mihsra D., Shrestha P., Ridgeon E., Ishola Awokola B., Nwankwo ONO., Olufunlola A.B., Olumide S., Ukwaja K.N., Irfan M., Minarowski L., Szymon S., Froes F., Leuschner P., Meireles M., Ferrao C., Neves J., Ravara S.B., Brocovschii V., Ion C., Rusu D., Toma C., Chirita D., Dorobat C.M., Birkun A., Kaluzhenina A., Almotairi A., Bukhary ZAA., Edathodu J., Fathy A., Mushira Abdulaziz Enani A., Eltayeb Mohamed N., Ulhadi Memon J., Bella A., Bogdanovic N., Milenkovic B., Pesut D., Borderias L., Bordon Garcia N.M., Cabello Alarcon H., Cilloniz C., Torres A., Diaz-Brito V., Casas X., Encabo Gonzalez A., Fernandez-Almira M.L., Gallego M., Gaspar-GarcIa I., Gonzalez Del Castillo J., Javaloyes Victoria P., Laserna Martinez E., Malo de Molina R., Marcos P.J., Menendez R., Pando-Sandoval A., Prat Aymerich C., Lacoma de la Torre A., Garcia-Olive I., Rello J., Moyano S., Sanz F., Sibila O., Rodrigo-Troyano A., Sole-Violan J., Uranga A., van Boven J.F., Vendrell Torra E., Pujol J.A., Feldman C., Kee Yum H., Fiogbe A.A., Yangui F., Bilaceroglu S., Dalar L., Yilmaz U., Bogomolov A., Elahi N., Dhasmana D.J., Feneley A., Ions R., Skeemer J., Woltmann G., Hancock C., Hill A.T., Rudran B., Ruiz-Buitrago S., Campbell M., Whitaker P., Youzguin A., Singanayagam A., Allen K.S., Brito V., Dietz J., Dysart C.E., Kellie S.M., Franco-Sadud R.A., Meier G., Gaga M., Holland T.L., Bergin S.P., Kheir F., Landmeier M., Lois M., Nair G.B., Patel H., Reyes K., Rodriguez-Cintron W., Saito S., Noda J., Hinojosa C.I., Levine S.M., Angel L.F., Anzueto A., Whitlow K.S., Hipskind J., Sukhija K., Totten V., Wunderink R.G., Shah R.D., Mateyo K.J., Noriega L., Alvarado E., Aman M., Labra L., Aliberti, S, Reyes, L, Faverio, P, Sotgiu, G, Dore, S, Rodriguez, A, Soni, N, and Restrepo, M
Subjects: Male, antibiotic resistance, Prevalence, MRSA, medicine.disease_cause, pneumonia, staphylococcus aureus, Global Health, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Community-acquired pneumonia, Risk Factors, Retrospective Studie, Community-Acquired Infection, 030212 general & internal medicine, education.field_of_study, Cross Infection, Respiratory tract infections, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureu, Staphylococcal Infections, Hospitals, Community-Acquired Infections, Infectious Diseases, Infectious diseases, Female, Human, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, medicine.medical_specialty, Population, Admission, staphylococcus aureu, Settore MED/10 - Malattie Dell'Apparato Respiratorio, 03 medical and health sciences, Hospital, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Risk factor, education, Intensive care medicine, Staphylococcal Infection, Retrospective Studies, Aged, business.industry, Risk Factor, Odds ratio, Pneumonia, medicine.disease, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, 030228 respiratory system, Methicillin Resistance, Cohort Studie, business
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Antibiotic resistance is a major global health problem and pathogens such as meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have become of particular concern in the management of lower respiratory tract infections. However, few data are available on the worldwide prevalence and risk factors for MRSA pneumonia. We aimed to determine the point prevalence of MRSA pneumonia and identify specific MRSA risk factors in community-dwelling patients hospitalised with pneumonia.METHODS: We did an international, multicentre study of community-dwelling, adult patients admitted to hospital with pneumonia who had microbiological tests taken within 24 h of presentation. We recruited investigators from 222 hospitals in 54 countries to gather point-prevalence data for all patients admitted with these characteristics during 4 days randomly selected during the months of March, April, May, and June in 2015. We assessed prevalence of MRSA pneumonia and associated risk factors through logistic regression analysis.FINDINGS: 3702 patients hospitalised with pneumonia were enrolled, with 3193 patients receiving microbiological tests within 24 h of admission, forming the patient population. 1173 (37%) had at least one pathogen isolated (culture-positive population). The overall prevalence of confirmed MRSA pneumonia was 3·0% (n=95), with differing prevalence between continents and countries. Three risk factors were independently associated with MRSA pneumonia: previous MRSA infection or colonisation (odds ratio 6·21, 95% CI 3·25-11·85), recurrent skin infections (2·87, 1·10-7·45), and severe pneumonia disease (2·39, 1·55-3·68).INTERPRETATION: This multicountry study shows low prevalence of MRSA pneumonia and specific MRSA risk factors among community-dwelling patients hospitalised with pneumonia.FUNDING: None.
Published: 2016
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35. Malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase levels in patients with epilepsy: a case–control study

Author: Nahed Shehta, Amr Elsayed Kamel, Eman Sobhy, and Mohamed Hamdy Ismail
Subjects: Oxidative stress, Malondialdehyde, Superoxide dismutase, Epilepsy, Antiepileptic drugs, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract: Abstract Background Oxidative stress has a significant influence in the initiation and progression of epileptic seizures. It was reported that inhibiting oxidative stress could protect against epilepsy. The aim of the current research is to estimate some biomarkers that reflect the oxidative stress in epileptics, its relation to seizure control as well as to study the impact of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) on these biomarkers. This case–control study included 62 epileptic patients beside 62 age and gender-matched healthy controls. The epileptic patients subjected to detailed history taking with special regards to disease duration, seizure frequency, and the current AEDs. Laboratory evaluation of serum malondialdehyde (a lipid peroxidation byproduct) and superoxide dismutase (an endogenous antioxidant) were done. Results Malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly higher, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) was lower in epileptic patients than in the controls (p
Published: 2022
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36. Investigating the Chemical Composition of Lepidium sativum Seeds and Their Ability to Safeguard against Monosodium Glutamate-Induced Hepatic Dysfunction

Author: Manal Salah El-Gendy, Eman Sobhy El-Gezawy, Ahmed A. Saleh, Rashed A. Alhotan, Mohammed A. A. Al-Badwi, Elsayed Osman Sewlim Hussein, Hossam M. El-Tahan, In Ho Kim, Sungbo Cho, and Sara Mahmoud Omar
Subjects: monosodium glutamate (MSG), Lepidium sativum seeds (LSS), hepatotoxicity, antioxidant, dietary study, glutathione reductase, Chemical technology, TP1-1185
Abstract: Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is one of the most frequently used food additives that endanger public health. The antioxidant, hyperlipidemic, and cytoprotective properties of Lepidium sativum seeds (LSS) as a natural remedy can minimize the harmful effects of MSG. This study investigated the potential protective effect of LSS against MSG-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Male albino Sprague Dawley rats (n = 24) were equally divided into four groups for 30 days: the control group (G1) received a basal diet without supplement, group (G2) was fed a basal diet + MSG (30 g/kg b.w.) as a model group, group (G3) was fed a basal diet + MSG (30 g/kg b.w.) + LSS (30 g/kg b.w.), and group (G4) was fed a basal diet + MSG (30 g/kg b.w.) + LSS (60 g/kg b.w.). LSS enhanced serum alkaline phosphatase activity as well as total cholesterol, triglyceride, and glucose levels. It can decrease peroxide content in serum lipids and inhibit glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase in hepatic cells. The dietary supplementation with LSS provided cytoprotection by enhancing the histoarchitecture of the liver and decreasing the number of apoptotic cells. Due to their antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties, LSS effectively protect against the hepatotoxicity of MSG. These findings are of the highest significance for drawing attention to incorporating LSS in our food industry and as a health treatment in traditional medicine to combat MSG-induced hepatic abnormalities.
Published: 2023
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37. Knowledge about electronic cigarettes and its perception: a community survey, Egypt

Author: Eman Sobh and Omaima I. Abo-Elkheir
Subjects: Adult, Male, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Adolescent, Arabic, media_common.quotation_subject, medicine.medical_treatment, Population, Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems, Risk Assessment, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Perception, Environmental health, Community survey, Surveys and Questionnaires, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, media_common, Aged, education.field_of_study, 030505 public health, business.industry, Research, Vaping, Smoking, Age Factors, Middle Aged, language.human_language, Knowledge, Cross-Sectional Studies, Consumer Product Safety, Electronic cigarettes, Respondent, language, Smoking cessation, Observational study, Egypt, Female, Smoking Cessation, 0305 other medical science, business
Abstract: Background Electronic cigarettes are promoted as safer products than traditional cigarettes and as smoking cessation devices. Awareness and perception are key elements for the adoption of new habits. Little is known about electronic cigarettes and public opinions towards it. This study aims to identify the prevalence of knowledge about electronic cigarettes, its perception, and use among Egyptian population. Methods An observational cross-sectional study using self-administered questionnaire in Arabic language was conducted between March and April 2015 among a sample of Egyptian population aged 15–75 years (N = 1239). We compared between respondent’s who know e-cigarettes and those who do not know it. Results More than half (57.5 %) of the respondents had heard about e-cigarettes, 51.8 % were non-smokers and nobody of them reported use of e-cigarettes. There were statistically significant differences between those who know and those who do not know e-cigarettes regarding age, educational levels and history of smoking. Among those who know e-cigarettes, 41.6 % believed that e-cigarettes help smoking cessation and 31.9 % believed it is less harmful than traditional cigarettes. Conclusions A considerable level of knowledge about e-cigarettes is found among young people aged 15–39 years. E-cigarettes were perceived as less harmful than traditional cigarettes or a smoking cessation aid. None of the respondents reported use of e-cigarettes.
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