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Background:: Cadmium (Cd2+) is considered to be one of the most important hazardous heavy metals due to its toxicity for living organisms at low concentration levels. Therefore, the estimation of trace Cd2+ in different types of various samples is a very important objective for chemists using effective methods. In the present work, a novel, green, easy and fast ultrasoundassisted ionic liquid-dispersive liquid phase microextraction technique (UA-IL-DLPME) was developed to preconcentrate and determine trace quantities of cadmium (Cd2+) ions from real samples, prior to detection by FAAS. Methods: The proposed technique is based on utilization of ionic liquid (IL) (1-hexyl-3- methylimidazolium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate [HMIM][FAP]) as an extraction solvent for Cd2+ ions after complexation with 2-(6-methylbenzothiazolylazo)-6-nitrophenol (MBTANP) at pH 7.0. The impact of different analytical parameters on the microextraction efficiency was investigated. The validation of the proposed procedure was verified by the test of two certified reference materials (TMDA-51.3 fortified water, SRM spinach leaves 1570A) applying the standard addition method. Results: In the range of 2.0-200 μg L−1, the calibration graph was linear. Limit of detection, preconcentration factor and the relative standard deviation (RSD %, 100 μg L-1, n=5) as precision was 0.1 μg L-1, 100 and 3.1%, respectively. Conclusion: Green UA-IL-DLPME method was developed and applied to preconcentrate and determine trace quantities of Cd2+ in real water, vegetables and hair samples with satisfactory results.

Background: Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is an iatrogenic state, potentially lethal, and still one of the major complications encountered during controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) in IVF. It occurs in approximately 1–14 % of assisted reproductive technique (ART) cycles and is related to increased vascular permeability. There are two forms of (OHSS) early and late form. Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the pregnancy rate from frozen thawed embryo transfer after freeze-all policy for patient with high risk for OHSS. Patients and methods: This is cohort study conducted at Genetics and Infertility Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zagazig University and a private center (retro- prospective and record-based data). The study was carried out on 150 infertile cases. They were divided into three groups. Group A: Frozen thawed embryo transfer after freeze-all policy for cases of high risk to OHSS, group B: frozen thawed embryo transfer for cases with normal ovarian response and group C: Fresh embryo transfer in cycles with 6 or more oocytes with antagonist protocol. Results: The main results of the study revealed that there was high statistically significant difference between groups regarding pregnancy outcomes. Pregnancy rate in frozen cycles is better than fresh cycles in normal responders with no late OHSS and less severe early OHSS. Conclusion: Freeze-all policy improves pregnancy rate in high and normal responders. Also, it prevents late OHSS.

Green, rapid and modified surface-active ionic liquid assisted cloud point extraction method (SAIL-CPE) was developed to preconcentrate trace levels of nickel Ni(II) ions in environmental samples perior to its detection by FAAS. The proposed method based on utilizing a mixture of a nonionic surfactant (Triton X-114) and a surface-active ionic liquid, 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (C16MeImCl), as an extracting phase for Ni(II) ions after the complexation with sunset yellow FCF at pH 6.5. The impact of different analytical parameters on improving the extraction efficiency was invistigated. In the range of 2.0-600 µg L−1, the calibration graph was linear with correlation coefficient of 0.9998. Limit of detection and preconcentration factor were 0.6 and 100. The reliability and precision of the proposed SAIL-CPE system as the relative standard deviation (RSD %) in the presence and absence of SAIL were examined by applying ten replicate determinations of 300 µg L-1 of Ni(II), and RSD % of the recoveries were found to be 1.40 and 2.9%, respectively. The validation of the proposed procedure was verified by test of certified reference materials (TMDA-51.3 fortified water, TMDA-53.3 fortified water and SRM spinach leaves 1570A) applying the standard addition method. Finally, the proposed SAIL-CPE method was developed and applied to preconcentrate and determine of trace levels of Ni(II) ions in real water, food and tobacco samples with satisfactory results.

The development and implementation of a biosecurity plan in a poultry production enterprise, require a documented approach and scoring systems to rank biosecurity protocols and their implementation. Hence, this study was carried out to monitor some biosecurity measures applied in different poultry farms and its effect on the presence of some pathogenic bacteria, such as E. coli, Pasteurella and Campylobacter in different poultry farm's production. The obtained results showed that the highest incidence of isolated pathogenic bacteria was in the duck farms. The incidence of E.coli spp was (61%), Pasterulla spp was (18.52%) and Campylobacter spp was (43.5%) in duck farms. There was a negative relationship between the application of biosecurity measures and the isolation of pathogenic bacteria in poultry farm's production. The EaeA and Stx1 virulence genes were detected from some serotypes of E.coli; while the virulence genes pfhA and hgbB were isolated from some P. multocida serotypes. Also, the cdtB and cdtC virulence genes were recovered from Campylobacter serotypes. Finally, the biosecurity measures are essential for the success of poultry production. Indeed, biosecurity measures reduce the risk of introducing pathogens during the poultry production cycle; In addition, it reduces financial losses through decreased mortality rates and treatment costs.

The Lewis (b) blood group antigen-Binding Adhesion2 (BabA2) has been reported to mediate the attachment of H. pylori to human.assessment the diagnostic potential of detection of (BabA2) gene compared with immunostaining of Lewis (b) by specific mouse monoclonal antibodies in gastric biopsies from Egyptian Patients as a diagnostic maker for Helicobacter pylori infection.Fifty untreated patients suffering from dyspeptic complaints were enrolled in this study and underwent for upper gastro-duodenal endoscopy. Biopsies were taken for histological examination by (HE) and immunohistochemical analysis for Lewis b by specific mouse monoclonal antibodies, and scoring of Lewis b expression in gastric tissue biopsy as well as molecular detection of BabA2 gene of H. pylori by PCR. Biochemical analysis was performed to detect the presence of H. pylori urease activity using Rapid Urease Test (RUT).Out of 50 gastric biopsies, 41 biopsies were positive for histological, Immunostaining for Lewis b expression and urease activity test (RUT) for H pylori. RUT showed a sensitivity of 87.8%, specificity 88.9%, positive predictive value (PPV) 97.2%, and negative predictive value (NPV) 61.5%. BabA2 gene results revealed that, out of 41 positive biopsied cases, 39 (95.1%) were positive by the PCR test for BabA2 gene. And all 9 negative biopsies (100%) for H pylori negative for BabA2gene so the sensitivity and specificity of BabA2 gene detection in gastric biopsies by PCR were 95.1% and 100%; respectively.BabA2 gene detection in gastric tissue biopsies could be suggested as a diagnostic biomarker to be included among the other biomarkers routinely performed for clinical diagnosis of H. pylori infection.

Background: Premature progesterone rise (PPR) refers to an increase in serum progesterone (P4) levels on or before the human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) trigger day. This work aimed to evaluate the impact of serum P4 levels on the day of hCG trigger on the outcomes of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles using the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist protocol. Methods: The prospective cohort study was conducted at the Cytogenetics and Endoscopy unit, Obstetrics & Gynaecology Department, Zagazig University, including 150 women having ICSI/fresh-embryo transfer (ET). Each patient had one trial of ICSI/fresh ET cycle. In the study, patients were subjected to controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) using a GnRH antagonist protocol. P4 levels were measured on the hCG trigger day (hCG-P4), and the results were correlated to the outcomes of the ICSI cycle. Results: There was a statistically significant negative correlation between hCG-P4 and the top-quality embryo (TQE) rate. No significant association was found between hCG-P4 level and clinical pregnancy, ongoing pregnancy, or miscarriage. The cutoff for hCG-P4 predicting unsuccessful achievement of clinical pregnancy was ≥ 0.925 (p>0.05). Patients with hCG-P4 level ≥0.925 ng/ml had a significantly lower TQE rate than patients with hCG-P4

Background: Endometrial polyps are a main cause of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) in premenopausal & postmenopausal women and suggested by screening transvaginal ultrasound. Objectives: The aim of the current study was to determine the effectiveness and acceptability of outpatient hysteroscopic endometrial polypectomy by vaginoscopic approach, and if the technique confers any advantage in term of patient discomfort and reduction in procedure time over the traditional technique. Patients & Methods: This study is prospective randomized clinical trial, it was carried in Endoscopy Unit in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Zagazig University Hospitals, in period from May 2018 to April 2019. Results: there was a statistical significant difference between traditional and vaginoscopic groups in procedure time where traditional technique needs more time than vaginoscopic one (7.8 VS 6.1 minutes), and all cases had (100.0%) success rate of polypectomy in both groups without complication. but histopathology results discovered one case (2.5%) of all study groups adenocarcinoma and the patient sent to oncology unit for further evaluation and appropriate management. Conclusions: Office vaginoscopic polypectomy for small polyp is feasible and safe minimally invasive procedure.

IntroductionEndometrial scratching (or injury) is defined as intentional damage to the endometrium. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the method of endometrial scratching by hysteroscope or pipelle curette on the outcome of assisted reproduction. Scratching had done in the follicular phase of the preceding cycle to embryo transfer in infertile women aged 20-40 years.MethodsIn this study, 225 ICSI cycles were studied and divided into three groups: - hysteroscope group (75) scratching by scissor, pipelle group (75) scratching by pipelle curette, control group (75) no scratching had done. For each woman in hysteroscope and pipelle groups an appointment was scheduled on day7–14 of the cycle before the planned start of COS to perform endometrial scratching.ResultsThere were statistical significant differences between women in the pipelle group, hysteroscope group and control group as regard positive pregnancy test P value = 0.046, clinical pregnancy P value = 0.042, ongoing pregnancy P value = 0.039 and implantation rate P value = 0.044. With further analysis to each intervention group separately with control group, there were statistical significant differences between women in the pipelle group and control group. There was improvement in pregnancy rates in hysteroscope group than control group but with no statistical significant differences. ConclusionEndometrial scratching performed in the follicular phase of the preceding cycle to ovarian stimulation by pipelle curette or hysteroscope is associated with improved clinical and ongoing pregnancy rates in infertile women undergoing ICSI

Aluminum (III) has high toxic impacts in some human pathologies like renal osteodystrophy, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. So, it is very important to assess and determine the trace concentrations of Aluminum (III) in various water and acid digested food samples. The present work proposed a new green supramolecular solvent liquid–phase microextraction procedure has been sophisticated to preconcentrate and determine Aluminum (III) in various samples. The proposed method was based on the application of Undecanol/THF supramolecular solvent system and thymol blue as a chelating agent. Aluminum (III)-thymol blue complex was formed at pH 6.0, extracted into (Undecanol/THF) supramolecular solvent phase, centrifuged and spectrophotometrically measured at 550 nm. The influence of different analytical parameters was studied and optimized. The validation of the suggested preconcentration method was checked using certified reference materials. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 5.0–200 μg L −1 . The developed method has preconcentration factor of 50 and detection limit was 1.20 μg L −1 . The method precision was confirmed with relative standard deviation ≤1.80%. The accuracy of the new preconcentration procedure was checked by the analysis of the certified reference materials (SRM 1643e trace element in water and NIST SRM 1515 Apple Leaves), and successfully applied to determine Aluminum (III) in real samples with relative recovery values in the range of 95.0%–100% for the spiked samples. This study explores the effectiveness of thymol blue for the first time together with supramolecular solvent to develop green supramolecular solvent liquid–phase microextraction method to preconcentrate and separate of trace amount of Aluminum (III) in real samples.