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First described by Green in 1832, persistent sciatic artery (PSA) is a rare anomaly classified into 2 types, namely complete and incomplete. We report the case of bilateral PSAs diagnosed by computed tomography angiography (CTA) in a 45-year-old female who presented with a 2-week history of pain and numbness in the left lower limb. Specifically, the CTA showed an incomplete PSA of the right lower limb and a complete PSA of the left lower limb complicated by an aneurysm. Complications of PSA, including aneurysmal rupture, occlusive thrombosis, and distal embolization, are critical as they impose serious hazards to the viability of the lower limbs. Asymptomatic patients with PSA require close surveillance for early detection and proper management of PSA-related complications, as they are prone to early atheromatous degeneration and aneurysm formation.

On a global scale, lung cancer is acknowledged to be the major driver of cancer death attributable to treatment challenges and poor prognosis. Classical cancer treatment regimens, such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy, can be used to treat lung cancer, but the appended adverse effects limit them. Because of the numerous side effects associated with these treatment modalities, it is crucial to strive to develop novel and better strategies for managing lung cancer. Attributes such as enhanced bioavailability, better in vivo stability, intestinal absorption pattern, solubility, prolonged and targeted distribution, and the superior therapeutic effectiveness of numerous anticancer drugs have all been boosted with the emergence of nano-based therapeutic systems. Lipid-based polymeric and inorganic nano-formulations are now being explored for the targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics for lung cancer treatment. Nano-based approaches are pioneering the route for primary and metastatic lung cancer diagnosis and treatment. The implementation and development of innovative nanocarriers for drug administration, particularly for developing cancer therapies, is an intriguing and challenging task in the scientific domain. The current article provides an overview of the delivery methods, such as passive and active targeting for chemotherapeutics to treat lung cancer. Combinatorial drug therapy and techniques to overcome drug resistance in lung cancer cells, as potential ways to increase treatment effectiveness, are also discussed. In addition, the clinical studies of the potential therapies at different stages and the associated challenges are also presented. A summary of patent literature has also been included to keep readers aware of the new and innovative nanotechnology-based ways to treat lung cancer.