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Abstract In this study, polymer composite nanofibers and thin membranes were synthesized using Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) and Zinc Oxide (ZnO) as fillers in a Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) matrix, aiming to evaluate their electrical and mechanical properties. The composite nanofibers and thin membranes were prepared by incorporating different weight ratios of CNTs and ZnO into the PVA matrix using electrospinning and solution casting techniques, respectively. Solutions were prepared by mixing specific weight ratios of PVA, ZnO, and CNTs, followed by magnetic stirring and ultrasonication for homogenization. Electrospinning was performed at 20 kV with a syringe-to-collector distance of 14.5 cm at flow rate of 2.4 ml/hr. The composites were characterized using FTIR spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The PVA/5%ZnO/0.5%CNT composite exhibited the highest dielectric constant of 10.3 at high frequencies, while PVA/5%CNT showed the highest capacitance of 31.1 pF at 2 MHz. The maximum AC conductivity of 2.72 × 10− 7 S/m was also observed for the PVA/5%ZnO/0.5%CNT composite. Mechanical testing revealed significant improvements in Young’s modulus, stress yield, and load yield, with PVA/5%CNT achieving a Young’s modulus of 387.12 MPa and a stress yield of 6.92 MPa. The addition of ZnO and CNT fillers resulted in enhanced electrical and mechanical properties, making these composites suitable for applications in microelectronic devices and packaging materials.

Abstract This paper explores the class C G $\mathcal{C}_{G}$ , consisting of functions g that satisfy a specific subordination relationship with Gregory coefficients in the open unit disk E. By applying certain conditions to related coefficient functionals, we establish sharp estimates for the first five coefficients of these functions. Additionally, we derive bounds for the second and third Hankel determinants of functions in C G $\mathcal{C}_{G}$ , providing further insight into the class’s properties. Our study also investigates the logarithmic coefficients of log ( g ( t ) t ) $\log \left ( \frac{g(t)}{t}\right ) $ and the inverse coefficients of the inverse functions ( g − 1 ) $(g^{-1})$ within the same class.

Abstract This study investigates the projected impact of air pollution on mortality and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) across SAARC countries. Utilizing Time Series and Machine Learning methodologies such as Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average, Exponential Smoothing, and Neural Network, the research aims to accurately forecast the mortality and DALYs attributed to air pollution from 2020 to 2030. Statistical analyses reveal a consistent upward trend in deaths and DALYs during the forecasting period, primarily driven by Ambient Particulate Matter Pollution (APM) and Ambient Ozone Pollution (AOP). Comparing the predictive accuracy of the models, Neural Network outperformed other methods, as indicated by Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values. Specifically, the study finds that deaths and DALYs due to Ambient Particulate Matter pollution are least prevalent in the Maldives, while India and Pakistan exhibit the highest rates, and deaths and DALYs due to Ambient Ozone pollution are lowest in the Maldives and highest in Bangladesh and Pakistan. Moreover, deaths and DALYs attributed to Household Air Pollution (HAP) are lowest in Pakistan and highest in Nepal. These findings underscore the urgent need for air pollution control measures and informed policymaking in SAARC countries to mitigate the escalating health burden associated with air pollution.

Abstract In order to explore the role of topological indices for predicting physio-chemical properties of anti-HIV drugs, this research uses python program-based algorithms to compute topological indices as well as machine learning algorithms. Degree-based topological indices are calculated using Python algorithm, providing important information about the structural behavior of drugs that are essential to their anti-HIV effectiveness. Furthermore, machine learning algorithms analyze the physio-chemical properties that correspond to anti-HIV activities, making use of their ability to identify complex trends in large, convoluted datasets. In addition to improving our comprehension of the links between molecular structure and effectiveness, the collaboration between machine learning and QSPR research further highlights the potential of computational approaches in drug discovery. This work reveals the mechanisms underlying anti-HIV effectiveness, which paves the way for the development of more potent anti-HIV drugs. This work reveals the mechanisms underlying anti-HIV efficiency, which paves the way for the development of more potent anti-HIV drugs which demonstrates the invaluable advantages of machine learning in assessing drug properties by clarifying the biological processes underlying anti-HIV behavior, which paves the way for the design and development of more effective anti-HIV drugs.

Abstract This study investigates the impact of air pollution on health outcomes in Middle Eastern countries, a region facing severe environmental challenges. As such, these are important in an effort to add up to policy-level as well as interventional changes that can be put in practice in the area of public health. Numeration analysis and association with health parameters was carried out by using Analytical tools such as, AIR Data, ARIMA,ANN, SVM and Exponential smoothing. Amongst the models, Support Vector Machine came again on top, with high accuracy yielding Mean Absolute Percentage Error of approximately 1%. Mortality of Air pollution in Qat from the case of Mortality of Air Pollution in Qatar is 959 while Auto regressive Integrated Moving average is 11.096, Exponential Smoothing 9.892 and Artificial Neural Networks are the source of inspiration for the development of this paper 4.61. The above perceptions indicate that there is need to adapt modeling strategies depending on the context and establish that it is possible to implement ML models in public health planning basket. This paper publishes the methodological frameworks for the purpose of modeling and analysis of the EHDs and serves as policy prescription for the policy makers to intending to reduce the effects of air borne pollution on health.

Abstract Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) play a pivotal role in modern material science, offering unique properties such as flexibility, substantial pore space, distinctive structure, and large surface area. Recently, zinc-based MOFs have attracted significant attention, particularly in the biomedical arena, owing to their versatile applications in drug delivery, biosensing, and cancer imaging. However, there remains a crucial need to explore and understand the structural properties of zinc silicate-based MOFs to fully exploit their potential in various applications. The objective of this study is to address this need by employing topological modeling techniques to characterize zinc silicate networks. Utilizing connection number concept of chemical graph theory and novel AL molecular descriptors, we aim to investigate the structural intricacies of these MOFs. More precisely, zinc silicate-based MOF networks are topologically modeled via novel AL topological indices, and derived mathematical closed form formulae for them. By comparing experimental and calculated values and constructing linear regression models, the predictive capabilities of the proposed descriptors are evaluated. Specifically, the performance of derived topological indices against the physico-chemical properties of octane isomers is assessed, which provide valuable insights into their predictive potential. The findings of this study demonstrated the potential of novel AL indices in predicting a wide range of important physico-chemical properties, further enhancing their practicality in materials science and beyond.

Abstract This paper presents a thorough evaluation of health outcomes linked to water-related challenges in Islamic nations across East Asia and Central Asia from 2020 to 2030. It has been examined carefully that the trajectory of deaths and disability-adjusted life years associated with unsafe water sources, lack of sanitation, and absence of handwashing facilities is showing a potential rise in negative health impacts due to water pollution. The direct health influences of water-related problems are thoughtful. The increase in deaths and DALYs due to poor water quality and sanitation leads to a higher occurrence of waterborne diseases such as cholera, diarrhea, and dysentery. These conditions not only cause instant health disasters but also subsidize to long-term health issues which include chronic gastrointestinal disorders and malnutrition that is particularly among susceptible populations like children and the elderly. Employing various predictive models including autoregressive integrated moving average, exponential smoothing, support vector machines, and neural networks. The study evaluates their predictive capabilities by using mean absolute percentage error. Support vector machines is found to be the most accurate in forecasting deaths and disability-adjusted life years which is outperforming autoregressive integrated moving average, exponential smoothing, and neural networks. This research aims to inform stakeholders by providing insights into effective strategies for improving water resource management and public health interventions in the targeted regions.

Abstract Indium phosphide (InP) is a binary semiconductor composed of indium and phosphorus. It has a zinc blende crystal structure, which is a type of cubic lattice structure. This lattice is composed of indium and phosphorus atoms arranged in a lattice of cube-shaped cells, with each cell containing four indium atoms and four phosphorus atoms. This lattice structure is the same for all materials with a zinc blende crystal structure and is the most common type of lattice structure in semiconductors. Indium phosphide (InP) has several chemical applications. It is commonly used as a dopant in the production of semiconductors, where it helps control the electrical properties of the material. InP is also utilized in the synthesis various indium-containing compounds, which can have applications in catalysts and chemical reactions. Additionally, InP nanoparticles have been investigated for their potential use in biomedical imaging and drug delivery systems. The topological characterization of 3D molecular structures can be performed via graph theory. In graph theory, the connections between atoms are represented as edges and the atoms themselves are represented as nodes. Furthermore, graph theory can be used to calculate the topological descriptors of the molecule such as the degree-based and reverse degree-based irregularity toplogical indices. These descriptors can be used to compare the topology of different molecules. This paper deals with the modeling and topological characterization of indium phosphide $$({\text{InP}})$$ ( InP ) via degree-based and reverse irregularity indices. The 3D crystal structure of the InP is topologically modeled via partition of the edges, and derived closed form expressions for its irregularity indices. Our obtained results will be surely be helpful in investigating the QSPR/QSAR analysis as well as understanding the deep irregular behavior of the indium phosphide $$({\text{InP}})$$ ( InP ) .

Scraped surface heat exchangers (SSHEs) have prominently shown their eminence in various food, chemical and in pharmaceutical industries when the regular processing of fluids and pertinent materials is encountered. The heat transfer analysis of Williamson fluid flow with electro osmotic effects in a narrow-gap SSHE is designed by implementing constant temperature difference between the gaps of the rotor and the stator. A fluid model is established by using lubrication approximation theory and Debye-Huckel simplifications. The computational solution is elaborated by implementing renowned BVP4C technique in MATLAB. Exact solution of Poisson-Boltzmann equation for different scenarios of SSHE is gathered, whereas solution for velocity, stream functions and temperature in various parts of SSHE are explored computationally. Impact of various crucial physical flow parameters like, Weissenberg number, mobility of the medium number, electro osmotic parameter on the velocity profile, stream function, temperature profile, and pressure gradient has been explored graphically. The numerical solution is compared with artificial neural network (ANN) and an absolute alignment of BVP4C solution is observed with ANN solution. It is reported that fluid flow is lifted with enhancing the viscoelastic behavior and exhibits dual behavior for electroosmosis phenomenon and mobility of medium parameter. Also, it is seen that temperature of the fluid is significantly declines with Weissenberg number and is surges with enhancing mobility of medium and Brinkman number. By increasing the Brinkman number conduction phenomenon is slow down and heat produced due to viscous dissipation, raises the temperature of the fluid. The viscoelastic effect could be of enormous significance in applications, like Polymer processing in certain heat exchangers, and in mixing and blending foodstuffs etc.

Hybrid nanofluids (HNF) play a vital role in enhancing the heat transfer characteristics of all types of traditional fluids, both in industrial and experimental applications. In this regard, the laminar two-dimensional (2D) boundary layer magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Darcy-Forchheimer flow, heat transfer, and mass transfers characteristics of Cu–MoS2/micropolar water-based hybrid nanofluid have been considered over a stretching/shrinking surface. The thermal radiation and partial slip effects are considered in a porous medium. The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) are transformed into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using appropriate similarity transformations. The equations are numerically solved using the shooting method in Maple software, and dual solutions are obtained for different ranges of the applied parameters. The effects of the different physical parameters and nanoparticle volume fractions on velocity, microrotation, temperature, and concentration profiles along with skin friction, couple stress, Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are examined. The main findings of this study show that the velocity profiles decrease with an increase in the suction, the Darcy-Forchheimer number, velocity slip, magnetic and micromaterial parameters, while oppositely, it increases with an increase in nanoparticle volume fractions. Moreover, an increase in the magnetic field, nanoparticle volume fractions, and thermal radiation increases the temperature profiles, while an increase in the Prandtl number, suction, and thermal slip parameters decreases it. An increase in nanoparticle volume fractions decreases skin friction, the couple stress coefficient, and the Nusselt number, but increases the Sherwood number with the variation of suction.

This work’s main objective is to investigate the thermal behavior of a tetra-ferrite-based nanofluid model under four physical controls. The tetra-nanofluid contains Fe3O4, CoFe2O4, NiZnFe2O4, and MnZnFe2O4 tetra-nanoparticles over a porous surface using ethylene and water (50%–50%) as the base fluid. The fundamental constitutive models are reduced nonlinear ordinary differential equations using appropriate transformative functions. The resulting set of governing equations are found using the Runge–Kutta algorithm. The impacts of critical quantities on the heat transfer, shear factor, and Nusselt number are illustrated through graphs and numerical data. It is noticed that when the concentration of nanoparticles is from 0.1% to 0.6%, the thermal conductivity varies from 102.661% to 116.706% for nanofluid (NF), 108.893% to 140.384% for hybrid nanofluid, and 117.994% to 195.794% for tetra-nanofluid (Tet.NF), which played a crucial role in the temperature performance of the fluidic system. Furthermore, the velocity depreciated against ϕ1 = 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, and 7%. The Forchheimer effects Fr = 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, Q = 0.1, 0.4, 0.7, 1.0, and Rd = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 enhanced the temperature of all types of NFs, while the stretching parameter S = 0.01, 0.08, 0.15, 0.22 reduced it. The results would benefit the researchers about the prediction of the parametric ranges and nanoparticle concentration to acquire the heat transfer results for practical applications, particularly in applied thermal engineering.

Background Over the past three decades, hematopoietic stem cells transplantation (HSCT)has been widely and increasingly used as standard of care for patients with congenital or acquired hematopoietic disorders. Serious systemic complications, especially pulmonary complications (PCs) both infectious and noninfectious, may occur post transplantation and may be fatal. Objective To study the incidence, types, chronology, probable risk factors as well as outcome of posttransplantation PCs in a cohort of HSCT patients who were followed-up for one year. Methods This is a prospective observational study conducted on 80 HSCT recipients who were followed-up for one year for occurrence of any respiratory symptom. A diagnostic algorithm was then followed to reach etiology of both infectious and noninfectious causes. Results Fourteen (17.5%) patients had pulmonary symptoms, 12 (86%) were due to infections and 2 (14%) were due to noninfectious causes (a case of engraftment syndrome and another of pulmonary embolism), 67% of infectious PCs and all of noninfectious PCs occurred within the first 100 days post HSCT, 60% of infectious PCs were mixed, the most common isolated pathogen was Mycoplasma pneumoniae (60%), PCs related mortality was 21%. Conclusion Post HSCT PCs are common, constituting an important cause for mortality, highlighting the necessity for appropriate clinical diagnosis and management.

The combined effect of wedge angle and melting energy transfer on the tangent hyperbolic magnetohydrodynamics nanofluid flow across a permeable wedge is numerically evaluated. Electronic gadgets produce an excessive amount of heat while in operation, so tangent hyperbolic nanofluid (THNF) is frequently used to cool them. THNF has the potential to dissipate heat more efficiently, thereby lowering the possibility of excessive heat and malfunctioning components. The effects of thermal radiation and heat source/sink are also examined on the flow of THNF. The flow has been formulated in the form of PDEs, which are numerically computed through the MATLAB solver BVP4c. The numerical results of BVP4c are relatively compared to the published work for validity purposes. It has been detected that the results are accurate and reliable. Furthermore, from the graphical results, it has been perceived that the rising impact of the Weissenberg number accelerates the velocity and thermal profile. The effect of the power-law index parameter drops the fluid temperature, but enhances the velocity curve. The variation in the wedge angle boosts the shearing stress and energy propagation rate, whereas the increment of Wi declines both the energy transfer rate and skin friction.

Thermal radiations are extensively utilized in the medical sciences, and the investigation of thermal radiation combined with double diffusive phenomena is the burning research area because of its enormous applications in treatment of various diseases. Cilia play significant part in many physiological processes of animal and humans. A novel mathematical prodigy for Prandtl nanofluid with thermal radiations and double diffusion convection by implementing slip at boundaries is presented for cilia induce flow in an asymmetric microchannel. Mathematical scheme for the physiological flow is developed and then pertinent equations are designed exploiting low Reynolds number and long wavelength simplifications. Solution for the physiological nanofluid is gathered by emphasizing on the novel BVP4C technique in MATLAB and resulting outcomes are elaborated with aid of graphical illustrations. Pros and cons of various physical flow parameters like thermal slip parameters, Prandtl fluid parameters, Grashof parameter, Prandtl parameter , Brownian motion parameter, thermal radiation parameter, Brinkmann number, Soret parameter are examined on the velocity, magnetic force function, temperature profile, concentration and nanoparticles volume fraction. It is reported that slip parameter really effects the nanofluid transport within the ciliated microchannel, it reduces the fluid flow, diffusion phenomena of the nanoparticles in the ciliated microchannel surges when radiation parameter is strengthened. The reported investigation will be instrumental in heat radiation effect for regulation of blood circulation to cure the cancer tissues in multiple drug delivery systems and will pave the way for the designs of certain diagnostic and pharmacological devices.

The advancement in bio nanotechnology due to its enormous application in the field of biomedical, for instance in drug delivery systems, in vitro assessment, in bioimaging, cure of cancer tumor, laser therapy has emerged as burning topic among many researchers. Gold nanomaterials can be mingled in multiple shapes and dimensions. Because of having such significant features, gold nonmaterial can transmute excellently, heal the infected cells, and finish them. A EMHD gold-blood nanofluid transport characteristics in asymmetric vessel under the influence of ciliary mechanism that produces a metachronal rhythm is investigated. The pertinent equations of flow dynamics are encountered by relying on low Reynolds and long wavelength and Debye-Huckel simplifications. A computation study is carried out in MATLAB with novel BVP4C methodology. Impact of relevant parameters on flow dynamics thoroughly interrogated with the aid pictorial illustrations. It has been revealed the shape factor of Gold nanofluids really effect the flow dynamics in a ciliated microchannel and it has been established that Brick shape nanofluid has higher fluid velocity in comparison to platelets and cylindrical shaped nanofluid. The axial velocity experiences surge in the bulk flow regime of ciliary vessels for rising electroosmosis phenomena. Also, it can be concluded that nanoparticles temperature concentration, and microorganism profile surges with enhanced Brownian phenomena and turnaround is experienced for temperature ratio parameter.

This research article investigated the effects of dual-phase chemical reactions on the unsteady flow of Sisko fluid. Utilizing Caputo's fractional derivatives, the model captured the fractional behavior of the fluid and integrated relaxation times to reflect the viscoelastic nature of the Sisko fluid. The model also considered unequal diffusivities of the chemical species. The resulting equations were discretized using the finite difference method, complemented by the L1 algorithm. Our simulations underscored how memory parameters, β and γ, significantly shaped the concentration trajectories by emphasizing the impact of past flow behaviors. Moreover, the study identified the heterogeneous reaction parameter and the diffusion coefficients ratio as critical determinants in the reaction dynamics, underscoring their role in the system's behavior. This study illuminates the intricate matrix of relationships in the realm of chemical reactions and viscoelastic fluid flow, offering valuable insights for fields ranging from chemical processing to environmental remediation.

Several scientific areas utilize fractional nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) to model various phenomena, yet most of these equations lack exact solutions (Ex-Ss). Consequently, techniques for obtaining approximate solutions (App-S), which sometimes yield Ex-Ss, are essential for solving these equations. This study employs a novel technique by combining the residual function and modified fractional power series (FPS) with the Aboodh transform (A-T) to solve various nonlinear problems within the framework of the Caputo derivative. Studies on absolute error (Abs-E), relative error (Rel-E), residual error (Res-E), and recurrence error (Rec-E) validate the accuracy and effectiveness of our approach. We apply the limit principle at infinity to determine the coefficients of the series solution terms. In contrast, other methods, such as variational iteration, homotopy perturbation, and Elzaki Adomian decomposition, rely on integration, while the residual power series method (RPSM) employs differentiation, both of which face challenges in fractional scenarios. Moreover, the efficiency of our approach in solving nonlinear problems without depending on Adomian and He polynomials makes it more effective than various approximate series solution techniques. Our method yields results that are very similar to those obtained from the differential transform, the homotopy perturbation, the analytical computational, and Adomian decomposition methods (ADMs). This demonstrates that our technique is a suitable alternative tool for solving nonlinear models.

The field of mathematical inequalities has exerted a profound influence across a multitude of scientific disciplines, making it a captivating and expansive domain ripe for research investigation. This article offers estimations for the Slater difference through the application of the concept of convexity. We present a diverse type of applications that stem from the main findings related to power means, Zipf–Mandelbrot entropy, and within the field of information theory. Our main tools for deriving estimates for the Slater difference involve the triangular inequality, the definition of the convex function, and the well-established Jensen inequality.

This study aims to bridge the gap by conducting a numerical analysis of Maxwell fluid behaviour on a perpendicular plate within a porous medium, considering both chemical reaction and heat generation. The investigation also encompasses the study of energy and mass transfer within magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Maxwell fluids. We utilise a transformation technique employing similarity variables to address the challenge posed by the nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs). These transformed equations are subsequently solved via the bvp4c solver in MATLAB. The obtained results exhibit a high degree of agreement with the previously published work. The study systematically explores the influence of chemical reaction, energy generation, and Deborah number parameters on temperature and velocity, as well as concentration, presenting the outcomes graphically. In addition, we calculate local Sherwood numbers, Nusselt numbers, and skin friction coefficients to assess the impact of chemical reactions. Our findings notably indicate that Sherwood numbers and skin friction coefficients increase with higher levels of chemical reaction, while local Nusselt numbers decrease as chemical reactions become more pronounced. By studying Maxwell fluid flow over a perpendicular plate with chemical reactions, this research contributes to optimizing processes, enhancing product quality, and providing deeper insights into the behaviour of complex fluids in real-world scenarios.

This manuscript addresses the rational solutions of a (3+1)-dimensional Boiti–Leon–Manna–Pempinelli (BLMP) equation, emphasizing key aspects in response to specific questions. The study begins by elucidating the problem’s significance, highlighting the pursuit of rational solutions for the mentioned equation. The methodology involves obtaining the Hirota bilinear (HB) form through a transformative process. Furthermore, the analysis extends to the dimensionally reduced BLMP equation, specifically exploring lump and rogue wave-like (Rwl) solutions, along with the interaction between kink and lump solutions. The HB forms play a crucial role in this examination. Importantly, the solutions presented in this study are characterized as non-singular and localized. Visualizations of these solutions are instrumental in understanding the equation’s behavior, particularly how the solutions evolve under varying physical conditions. The outcomes are visually conveyed through 3D and surface graphs, offering a comprehensive representation for specific parameter values. In conclusion, this work contributes novel insights beyond previous efforts in the literature, showcasing the importance and advancements in the study of the (3+1)-dimensional BLMP equation.

This research explores the three-dimensional characteristics of nanofluid dynamics within curved ducts, in contrast to earlier studies that mainly focus on two-dimensional flow. By using this ground-breaking method, we can capture a more accurate depiction of fluid behavior that complies with the intricate duct design. In this study, we investigate the three dimensional flow and entropic analysis of peristaltic nanofluid flows in a flexible curved duct, comparing the effects of silver and copper nanoparticles. To obtain accurate results, we assume physical constraints such as long wavelength and low Reynolds number and used a perturbation technique through NDSolve commands for finding exact solutions of the obtained differential equations. A comprehensive error analysis is provided through residual error table and figures to estimate a suitable range of the physical factors. Our findings indicate that the velocity of the nanofluid is directly proportional to the elasticity of the walls, while the mass per unit volume inversely affects velocity. We show that reducing the aspect ratio of the duct rectangular section can decrease entropy generation by raising magnitudes of damping force exerted by to the flexible walls of the enclosure. Additionally, using a larger height of the channel than the breadth can reduce stream boluses. The practical implications of this study extend beyond turbines and endoscopy to biomedical processes such as drug delivery and microfluidic systems.

This study examines the impact of solar-powered tractor on agricultural productivity and energy efficiency. The implementation of solar energy in tractors has the potential to reduce dependence on non-renewable energy sources, minimize carbon emissions, and promote sustainable farming practices. This research investigates the reduction of energy consumption and enhancement of productivity by evaluating magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) entropy production through the flow of nanofluids containing copper-engine oil (Cu-EO) and silver-engine oil (Ag-EO). The study also evaluates the effectiveness of thermal transport in solar-powered tractors through several properties such as solar thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, slippery velocity, and porous media. The investigation analyzed the thermodynamics of entropy generation in a non-Newtonian Williamson nanofluid, with the aim of assessing its energy equilibrium and the effects of diverse physical parameters. In order to enable numerical investigation, similarity variables were implemented to transform partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations, and the Chebyshev collocation spectral method was applied to solve the governing equations. It has been revealed that the Ag−EO Williamson nanofluid have a smoother flow compared to the Cu−EO mixture fluid. Furthermore, Williamson-nanofluid demonstrate superior thermal conductivity and heat transfer characteristics compared to the base fluid, making them appropriate for utilization in cooling systems and heat exchangers in various industries. The boundary layer exhibits the maximum temperature while employing lamina-shaped particles, whilst the lowest temperature is shown when utilizing spherical-shaped nanoparticles. The Ag-EO nanofluid an efficiency rate of approximately 2.64 % with a minimum efficiency rate of 3.22 %. The findings will help develop eco-friendly agricultural methods that promote economic development while mitigating harm to the environment.

Duration, cost, and resources are defined as project constraints. Consequently, in each project, one of these constraints is received attention compared with another. Thus, the abilities of construction project manager should include balancing these constraints in a way that all the project objectives are fulfilled. Achieving this balance is conducted by determining the best alternative for each activity, while minimizing project total cost and duration and satisfies resources constraints as well as smoothing resource histograms. For that purpose, this study aims at optimizing project schedule to provide this balance by using multi construction methods which is mainly based on multiskilling strategy. As will be discussed, to achieve this goal, a model was developed and genetic algorithm is used to preform optimization. This study contributes to the body of knowledge a model able to produce schedules with appropriate project duration, cost, and quality, also satisfy resource constraints with most leveled histograms.

Road maintenance management is a fundamental strategy for achieving the infrastructure sustainability. In Egypt, maintenance decision depends only on the pavement condition, and traffic safety is not considered. This study aims to develop an integrated safety-pavement management system that enables managing roads network according to the available funds and assures the safety concept throughout the service life of roads. It develops a probabilistic performance model and an optimization decision tool based on roads condition, safety levels, and maintenance costs to provide a proper maintenance decision. The system was validated for the road network in southern Egypt. Results show that an inadequate maintenance budget causes a decrease in safety levels and pavement conditions in some sections due to late maintenance decisions. However, the results indicate the applicability for determining the economic maintenance plan which keeps safety at the targeted level and enhances the pavement performance through the network by saving 27 million Egyptian pounds through the analysis period.

The prime motive of this disquisition is to scrutinize simultaneous aspects of external forcing mechanism and internal volumetric forces on non-Newtonian liquid filled in square enclosure. Inertially driven upper lid is assumed by providing constant magnitude of slip velocity whereas thermal equilibrium is disturbed by assuming uniform temperature at lower boundary and by keeping rest of walls as cold. To enhance thermal diffusion transport with in the flow domain cold as well as adiabatic temperature situation is provided. In view of velocity constraints all the extremities at no-slip except the upper wall which is moving with ULid. Formulation is attained in dimensional form initially and afterwards variables are used to convert constructed differential system into dimensionless representation. A numerical solution of leading formulation is sought through Galerkin finite element discretization. Momentum and temperature equations are interpolated by quadratic polynomials whereas pressure distribution is approximated by linear interpolating function. Domain discretized version is evaluated in view of triangular and rectangular elements. Newton’s scheme is employed to resolve the non-linearly discretized system and a matrix factorization based non-linear solver renowned as PARADISO is used. Validation of results is ascertained by forming agreement with existing studies. In addition, grid independence test is also performed to show credibility of performed computations. Stream lines and isothermal contours patterns are portrayed to evaluate variation in flow distributions. Kinetic energy and local heat flux for uniform and non-uniform heating situations are also divulged in graphical and tabular formats. Increase in Reynold number produces decrease in kinetic energy of fluid. Enhancement in Grashof number causes enrichment of thermal buoyancy forces due to which Nusselt number uplifts. Clock wise rotations increase against upsurge in magnitude of Reynold number which is evidenced form stream lines. Squeezing of secondary vortex against Prandtl number arises due to dominance of viscous forces.

Abstract Background Growth and pubertal retardation are one of the most visible comorbidities in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) under regular hemodialysis. This study evaluated pubertal development in children and adolescents with CKD and ESRD on regular hemodialysis. Methods This study was carried out on 40 children with CKD and 20 with ESRD under regular hemodialysis. All patients and controls were subjected to a thorough clinical examination pubertal assessment. Results There was a statistically significant difference in the breast or testicular stage of the three groups (P < 0.001). Most cases of ESRD were either stages 1 or 2 (50.0%, 45.0%, respectively). The CKD cases were also stages 1 and 2 (35.7%, 52.4%, respectively). The controls were in stages 3 and 4 (44.3 and 29.5%, respectively), which showed normal development for age. There was a statistically significant difference in the pubic hair stage and axillary hair stage of the three groups (P < 0.001). Most cases of ESRD were either stages 1 or 2 (55.0%, 40.0%, respectively). The CKD cases were also between stages 1 and 2 (38.1%, 52.4%, respectively), with a higher level in stage 2. Of the control group, 39.3% was stage 3, and 36.1% was stage 4, with a higher level in stage 3 proving normal development for age. Conclusion Pubertal growth and sexual maturation in children with CKD and ESRD are markedly affected. It is necessary to regularly follow up with children with ESRD for early detection of endocrinal complications.

Abstract Background Diabetic nephropathy is considered a major complication among patients with type 1 diabetes. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase levels (uNAG) in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods This cross-sectional study of 60 patients with type 1 DM, was categorized into two groups (normoalbuminuria and microalbuminuria) and 30 healthy controls. uNAG was measured in all cases and controls. Results Patients with type 1 DM showed increased mean uNAG values compared to controls. Interestingly, increased NAG levels were found in diabetic patients without early signs of glomerular damage (normoalbuminuric). The severity of renal disease, poor glycemic control, and duration of diabetes were all proportional to uNAG increased levels. Conclusions NAG measurement is a useful, noninvasive tool for assessing renal involvement in children with diabetes and for early diagnosis of developing nephropathy.

In this paper, HIV/AIDS fractional-order model is studied. This epidemic phenomenon is analyzed using Caputo-Fabrizio and Fractal fractional derivative operator that includes an antiretroviral treatment compartment. The advanced approach is used for HIV/AIDS fractional-order model to get reliable outcomes with the help of sumudu transform. The fractional-order HIV/AIDS model is analyzed qualitatively as well as verify unique solutions. Numerical simulations are performed to explain the effects of changing the fractional-order and to support the theoretical results using proposed methods for a range of fractional orders. Also, the comparison has been made with classical order derivative to check the effectiveness of the proposed method for HIV/AIDS.

Controllability results of Hilfer delay fractional derivative(HDFD) with nondense operator have been articulated in this article. Primary discussions were made on the existence of mild solution using the Banach contraction principle and continued with controllability results by Darbo-Sadavoskii fixed point theorem. Obtained results enhanced via the numerical approximation with the graphical approach.

The electro-osmosis effects on ciliary multiphase flow have broad applications in diverse fields, including microfluidics, biotechnology, chemical engineering, and environmental sciences. In the current analysis, the authors have elaborated the electro-osmosis effects on a ciliary two-phase channel flow of Casson fluid in the presence of solid particles and magnetic effects. The governing equations have been considered for the physical problem by applying the wave frame and dimensionless transformations. A lubrication approach has also been followed by the equations. Systems of differential equations have been solved on well-known software Mathematica by a built-in DSolve tool to acquire the exact solutions. From graphical evidences, it is observed that Helmholtz Smoluchowski velocity factor and solid particles contribution affects the electro-kinetic energy and reduces the flow speed.

We investigate a generalized scale-invariant analogue of the Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation, establishing a connection with the recently discovered short-wave intermediate dispersive variable (SIdV) equation. To conduct a comprehensive analysis, we employ the Generalized Kudryashov Technique (KT), Modified KT, and the sine–cosine method. Through the application of these advanced methods, a diverse range of traveling wave solutions is derived, encompassing both bounded and singular types. Among these solutions are dark and bell-shaped waves, as well as periodic waves. Significantly, our investigation reveals novel solutions that have not been previously documented in existing literature. These findings present novel contributions to the field and offer potential applications in various physical phenomena, enhancing our understanding of nonlinear wave equations.

This article investigates the significance of the unsteady nonlinear Landau–Ginzburg–Higgs equation in the context of superfluids and Bose–Einstein condensates. The problem of interest is the search for new exact solutions within this equation. To tackle this problem, the Sardar-subequation and energy balance approaches are employed. Through these methods, a variety of new exact solutions are obtained, expressed in terms of cosine functions, generalized hyperbolic functions, and generalized trigonometric functions. The obtained solutions encompass different types of solitons, including bright and dark solitons, singular periodic soliton, and hybrid solitons. The solutions are then visualized through 2D and 3D simulations. The findings of this study contribute to the understanding of the Landau–Ginzburg–Higgs equation and its application to superfluids and Bose–Einstein condensates. The novelty of this work lies in the utilization of the Sardar-subequation and energy balance approaches to obtain diverse traveling wave solutions, surpassing previous efforts in the literature.

In this manuscript, the Goos-Hänchen shift of the transmitted and reflected probe beam is controlled and modified. Topologically localized regions are reported in the G-H shift by introducing the position and orbital angular momentum dependency in the Rabi frequencies of the control fields. The system parameters along with the azimuthal quantum number are used to control and modify G-H shift as well as the topological regions. Crater and peak type topological regions are reported in the G-H shift of the reflected as well as transmitted beam. The number of localized regions are reported to strictly follow the general formula 2l2. The maximum shift in the reflected spectrum is reported to be Sr/λ=−140, where as in the transmitted spectrum it is only St/λ=−15. The modified results might have significant applications in optical waveguide switches and sensors.

In the current study, we focused on the shape effects of copper (Cu) nano-particles on heat transmission of three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) nano-fluid. A particular type of flow is considered, i.e., rotating flow over an exponentially stretching sheet. Significant actions of thermal radiation and Grashof number are also formulated to study. The modified Chebyshev wavelets method is introduced to examine the numerical solutions of the accomplished model. Error analysis and further comparison with existing results reflect the appropriateness of the proposed modification. Graphical behavior of dimensionless velocities, temperature, Nusselt number, and skin friction under the inspiration of several parameters is also presented. The attained solutions propose that the modification is beneficial and can be protracted to other highly nonlinear problems. The modified Chebyshev wavelets technique lowers computing time, according to the study. The research takes into account the form impacts of nano-particles. There are three kinds of nano-particles to examine (spherical, laminar, and cylinder). The behavior of various particles varies depending on the flow and temperature profile. For microparticles with a laminar structure, velocity and temperature have higher values.

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is thought to aggravate juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) activity. Aim of the work: To assess serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH) D] level in Egyptian children with JIA and correlate its level with subtypes of JIA and disease activity scoring. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that included 70 children with JIA of one year or less disease duration and 40 apparently healthy control children. Disease activity was measured using Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28) for polyarticular and oligoarticular JIA. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH) D] was measured using Enzyme Linked Immuno- Sorbent Assay technique. Results: Serum 25 (OH) D was significantly lower in JIA patients (mean ±SD= 17.32± 9.7 ng/mL) than in the control group (mean ± SD= 27.9± 7.4 ng/mL) (p-value =0.001). Serum 25(OH) D levels correlated inversely with the number of affected joints (r= - 0.122, p =0.316). Another inverse correlation with severity score was noted (r= - 0.2, p=0.098) but it was not statistically significant. It did not correlate with age at onset of disease (r=-0.2, p=0.096) or gender (r=-0.105, p=0.387) or duration of disease (r=-0.038, p=0.754). Conclusion: Serum levels of 25(OH) D were lower in patients with JIA disease. Serum vitamin D levels inversely correlated with number of affected joints, but not severity of JIA. Larger studies are needed to confirm the relation between vitamin D and JIA disease activity.

The multivariate estimation problems arise if the observations are available for several related variables of interest. The multivariate time series may be found in many fields of application such as economics, meteorology and utilities. The current study has three main objectives. The first one is to develop an approximate convenient Bayesian methodology to estimate the parameters of multivariate moving average processes. The second objective is to investigate the numerical efficiency of the proposed technique in solving the estimation problems by conducting a wide simulation study. The last objective is to study the sensitivity of the numerical efficiency with respect to the parameters values and time series length. The results show that the proposed technique succeeded in estimating the parameters of the multivariate moving average processes. The results are not sensitive to the changes in parameter values or in time series length.

An inverted or reversed trapezoidal profiled fin (dovetail fin) is a fin with an irregular cross-sectional area that is used for improved performance in double pipe heat exchanger applications. The current investigation focuses on the temperature distribution in an internal heat-generating longitudinal dovetail porous fin. A second-order ordinary differential equation (ODE) governs the heat transfer problem of a dovetail fin, and dimensionless terms are used to reduce it to a non-dimensional form. The resulting ODE is solved numerically using the spectral collocation method (SCM) via a local linearization strategy, and the temperature distribution in the dovetail profiled fin is discretized using Chebyshev-Gauss-Lobatto (CGL) collocation points and Chebyshev polynomials. The effect of various thermal parameters on the non-dimensional temperature profile and fin efficiency is graphically depicted for a fin with both convective and insulated tip conditions. As a result, for higher values of the convective-conductive and porosity parameter, the temperature in the dovetail fin distributes in a declining manner.

In this paper, we investigate new types of nonlocal implicit problems involving piecewise Caputo fractional operators. The existence and uniqueness results are proved by using some fixed point theorems. Furthermore, we present analogous results involving piecewise Caputo-Fabrizio and Atangana–Baleanu fractional operators. The ensuring of the existence of solutions is shown by Ulam-Hyer’s stability. At last, two examples are given to show and approve our outcomes.

An unsteady Casson nanofluid with a stagnation point is considered along a radiated stretching surface depending on the heat source and convective condition. Moreover, the influence of magnetic field and the wall suction is considered with the slip condition. In view of these assumptions, a system of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs), have been formulated which are primarily converted to the dimensionless ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The MATLAB function bvp4c has been used to solve the resulting system of the ODEs. The resulting solutions have been determined as expressed by the velocity, friction drag, concentration, temperature, mass transfer and heat transfer of the nanofluids which are obtained under the influence of associated flow parameters. It is observed that the Sherwood number and the fluid concentration respectively enhances and decreases for the escalating values of the Brownian motion parameter and the Schmidt number although a reverse of these cases have been observed for the escalation of Thermophoresis parameter. In the same way, the skin friction coefficient enhances for the escalation of Casson parameter, suction parameter, and the Hartmann number whereas the rate of heat transfer declines for the growing values of Eckert number and enhances for the higher values of suction and thermal radiation. Additionally, the fluid temperature is boosting for the growing values of Biot number, Eckert number and heat generation parameter, whereas the velocity is diminishing for the growing values of Casson parameter and unsteadiness parameter though it is boosting for the growing values of suction parameter.

Papaya is a heterozygous plant commonly cultivated by seed but, unfortunately, they are not true to type. Moreover, the hybrid seed varieties like the Red Lady are very highly expensive. Hence, tissue culture techniques offer an alternative method to produce a million clones within a short period and a reasonable price. Thus, the current study aimed to optimize the shoot multiplication rate of papaya (Carica papaya L. cv. Red Lady) in vitro. Five concentrations of sucrose (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 g.L-1) were applied for the papaya shoot proliferation. Results demonstrated that the 30 g.L-1 sucrose was significantly superior in the rate of shoot numbers (4.1 shoots. explant-1), shoot length (0.90 cm), (2.7 leaves. shoot-1), leaf area (1.40 cm2) and fresh weight (0.192 g) in compared with other sucrose treatments. Whereas, the 40 g.L-1 sucrose treatment was significantly superior in dry weight of shoot compared to the other treatments, which recorded 0.058 g. While the treatment of 10 g.L-1 sucrose recorded the lowest values in shoot numbers, length, and dry weight. Current study conclude that the 30 g.L-1 sucrose is the best concentration treatment that must be used in papaya micropropagation, where it gives the maximum rate of shoot numbers and other morphological traits.

In this research, we investigated the synthesis of a novel water-soluble bis azo pyrazolin-5-one (ABP) which was synthesized efficiently via the regioselective reaction of hydrazine with coumarin hydrazone (CMH). Also, we evaluate their anti-corrosion and anti-bacterial behavior. The inhibition efficiency of ABP in an acidic medium (1.0 M HCl) was evaluated using various electrochemical and surface morphology measurements. The novel bis pyrazole-based azo dye ABP (16 × 10−6 M) demonstrated a higher protection capacity (93.3 %). Tafel curves revealed that ABP was a mixed-type inhibitor. The adsorption of ABP on the C-steel (CS) surface is proven by the alteration in (Rct and Cdl) impedance characteristics and obeyed the Langmuir isotherm model. SEM/EDX, AFM, and XPS surface examinations confirmed the enhancement of an adsorbed film protects the CS surface from acid corrosion at the appropriate dose. Furthermore, theoretical calculations using DFT and MC simulations were performed to identify the active sites on ABP molecules in charge of the adsorption and surface protection of the CS. The adsorption of bis pyrazole-based azo dye on the metal surface explained the protection mechanism. Moreover, the ABP screened for its antimicrobial activity against sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), and the calculated inhibition efficiency was 100 %. The current work presents significant results in manufacturing and producing novel water-soluble bis pyrazole-based azo dye derivative with high anti-corrosion and anti-microbial efficiency.

Congestive heart failure (HF) is a complex disease state characterized by impaired ventricular function and insufficient peripheral blood supply. The resultant reduced blood flow characterizing HF promotes activation of neurohormonal systems which leads to fluid retention, often exhibited as pulmonary congestion, peripheral edema, dyspnea, and fatigue. Despite intensive research, the exact mechanisms underlying edema formation in HF are poorly characterized. However, the unique relationship between the heart and the kidneys plays a central role in this phenomenon. Specifically, the interplay between the heart and the kidneys in HF involves multiple interdependent mechanisms, including hemodynamic alterations resulting in insufficient peripheral and renal perfusion which can lead to renal tubule hypoxia. Furthermore, HF is characterized by activation of neurohormonal factors including renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), sympathetic nervous system (SNS), endothelin-1 (ET-1), and anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) due to reduced cardiac output (CO) and renal perfusion. Persistent activation of these systems results in deleterious effects on both the kidneys and the heart, including sodium and water retention, vasoconstriction, increased central venous pressure (CVP), which is associated with renal venous hypertension/congestion along with increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP). The latter was shown to reduce renal blood flow (RBF), leading to a decline in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Besides the activation of the above-mentioned vasoconstrictor/anti-natriuretic neurohormonal systems, HF is associated with exceptionally elevated levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). However, the supremacy of the deleterious neurohormonal systems over the beneficial natriuretic peptides (NP) in HF is evident by persistent sodium and water retention and cardiac remodeling. Many mechanisms have been suggested to explain this phenomenon which seems to be multifactorial and play a major role in the development of renal hyporesponsiveness to NPs and cardiac remodeling. This review focuses on the mechanisms underlying the development of edema in HF with reduced ejection fraction and refers to the therapeutic maneuvers applied today to overcome abnormal salt/water balance characterizing HF.

This article is primarily targeting the approximate controllability results of Atangana–Baleanu neutral fractional stochastic hemivariational inequality. The primary conclusions were validated using principles and ideas from stochastic analysis, fractional calculus, multivalued map theory, and fixed point techniques. We begin by emphasizing the existence of mild solutions, and then demonstrate the fractional control system’s approximate controllability. Our findings are then applied to the notion of nonlocal circumstances. At last, an example is included to show the applicability of our results.

The goal of this work is to demonstrate the optimal strategy of an inventory system for perishable goods with hybrid demand dependent on selling price and stock under the partial backlogging with a certain fixed ratio. In this system, the concept of pre-payment policy with a discount facility and fixed preservation investment are also introduced. Then, this inventory system is modelled mathematically by governing differential equations, and solving these equations, the corresponding average profit of the proposed model is obtained as a non-linear maximization problem. To check the optimality of the solution of the obtained non-linear maximization problem, some results are derived with the help of pseudo concavity and optimality conditions of the objective function of the non-linear maximization problem. Then to justify the model, three examples are taken and solved by Lingo software. Also, the concavity of the average profit is examined graphically. Finally, a post optimality analysis is performed to show the effects of known inventory parameters on the optimal policy.

A clear relationship between the quantum version of Fisher information and the bipartite system entanglement has been explored recently. Known existing results for some quantum systems having strongly nonlocal correlations are still limited. In this paper, based on the interaction between a two-qubit and squeezed field, we investigate the correlation between the dynamical behavior of qubit-qubit entanglement and the quantum Fisher information (QFI). We focus on the effect of a number of photon multiplicity, low and high squeezing regime of the field on the dynamics of the QFI and entanglement quantifier. We show how the QFI and entanglement quantifier can be affected by the number of photon multiplicity and squeeze parameter during the time evolution of cases of absence and presence of dissipation effect. Our results exhibit the correlation between the entanglement quantifiers and the QFI with respect to the appearance of collapse and revival phenomena of the atomic inversion.

In this article, two different multi-resolution methods based on Haar wavelets are proposed for the numerical solution of two-dimensional Schrödinger equations. Both the linear and nonlinear model equations are considered. The nonlinear term present in the model equation are linearized by a simple linearization technique. After linearization, the first order finite-difference approximation is used to discretize the time derivative and the Schrödinger equation is then converted into full algebraic form, once the space derivatives are approximated by finite Haar series. The stability analysis of the proposed methods are also studied. Both the proposed methods are time efficient as compared to other methods reported in the literature. To check the accuracy and capabilities of the proposed methods, several benchmark cases are considered as test problems.

Abstract In this article we examine the dynamical properties of the fractional version of the snap system by means of chaotic attractor, existence, and uniqueness of the solution, symmetry, dissipativity, stagnation point analysis, Lyapunov dynamics, K.Y. dimension, bifurcation diagram, etc. Also, parallel systems to this system are synchronized in presence of uncertainties and external disturbances using triple compound combination anti-synchronization by two ways. Synchronization time is compared with some other works. Also the utilization of achieved synchronization is illustrated in secure transmission. By constructing the snap system’s signal flow graph and its real electronic circuit, some of its additional invariants are investigated.

This paper deals with the solution of system of 2D-fuzzy Fredholm integral equations (2D-FFIEs) depend upon the parametric form fuzzy number; using an efficient algorithm called Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method (OHAM). The efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed technique is tested upon some numerical example and the results are compared with modified homotopy perturbation method, 2D triangular function method and Lagender interpolation. It is observed from the results that the suggested method is accurate, straightforward and convenient to solve the 2D-fuzzy Fredholm integral equations.

For obtaining numerical solutions of the system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) of third order, a new numerical technique is proposed by using operational matrices of Bernstein polynomials. These operational matrices can be utilized to solve different problems of integral and differential equations. The System of third-order ODEs occur in various physical and engineering models. In this paper, an iterative algorithm is constructed by using operational matrices of Bernstein polynomials for solving the system of third order ODEs. The proposed technique provides a numerical solution by discretizing the system to a system of algebraic equations which can be solved directly. The method will be verified by using appropriate examples which are arising in Physics and some Engineering problems. The comparison of approximate and exact solution of the given examples is demonstrated with the help of tables and graphs.