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Ovariohysterectomy (OHE) is one of the most common surgeries in veterinary medicine. Although this surgical method has several advantages, it can alter the function of various organs such as heart. The present study investigated the effect of OHE on cardiac functions using Mmode echocardiography. A total of 10 healthy adult domestic short-haired cats were enrolled in the current study. Fractional shortening (FS) and ejection fraction (EF) percentages along with cardiac output (CO) were measured through the right parasternal approach in papillary muscle level view. Moreover, the levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before OHE (D0) as well as 10 (D10), 20 (D20) and 30 (D30) days after OHE. The results of this study showed that the mean FS and EF decreased on all days of the study. The FS reduction was significant between D10 and D30 and EF changes were significant between D10 and D20. The means of CO increased significantly on D0 compared to the D10. After D20, CO reduced until the end of the study. Mean concentrations of LH and FSH increased on all research days; but, the changes were significant until D20. Despite the negative effects of OHE on myocardial function, there was no significant correlation between hormonal levels and echocardiographic findings after OHE in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patellar luxation is one of the common diseases in small breed dogs, especially Pomeranian dogs. This disease causes pain and lameness of hind-limbs the affected animal. Accurate diagnosis of this disease is of great importance in order to effectively intervene in it. Radiography is one of the simple yet accurate tools that help for evaluating and grading of this disease. The purpose of this study was to identify the size of the Quadriceps Angle (Q angle) and Femoral Varus Angle (FVA) in Pomeranian dogs with different grades of Medial Patellar Luxation (MPL). Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on Pomeranian dogs, whose MPL was clinically confirmed, and Putnam (1968) classification was used in its conduct. Each MPL, grade 1, grade 2, grade 3 and grade 4, 4 hind-limb from 11 Pomeranian dog were considered and two angles Q and FVA were measured in them. The Q angle is the result of the intersection of two lines, one of which connects the center of the patella bone to the tibial tuberosity and the other line that connects the anterior cruciate ligament to the center of the patella bone (Kaiser et al., 1997). The FVA angle is also the result of the intersection of two lines, one connecting the center of the patella to the proximal center of the femur, and the other one that connecting the center of the patella to the center of the tibia (Hauptman et al., 1985). In the process of studying the angles were measured and the average of each parameter was recorded separately for samples. Results: The results of this study showed that the mean Q angle in dogs with I, II, III and IV patellar luxation is 11, 16, 22 and 36 degrees, respectively. It was also found that the difference between the mean Q angle in different grades of luxation is statistically significant. The mean of FVA angle in dogs with I, II, III and IV patellar luxation were 28, 23, 22 and 16 degrees, respectively, These means were not statistically significantly different from each other. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, measuring the Q angle and FVA angle can be helpful in prognosis of disease and degree of progressivity of luxation situation and changing the grade of disease in patient and making an acceptable descition for conservative or surgical treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was conducted to identify the short-term effects of ovariohysterectomy on the heart of immature cats using echocardiography. This longitudinal study was conducted on a sample consisting of 6 immature female DSH cats. After the selection of test items, echocardiography was performed on the cats before the ovariohysterectomy (D0) and ten days (D10), twenty days (D20), and thirty days (D30) after the ovariohysterectomy. Cardiac parameters, including fractional shortening (FS), ejection fraction (EF), cardiac output (CO), left atrial-to-aortic root diameter ratio (LA/Ao), and left ventricular wall thickness to interventricular septum ratio (LVWD/IVS) was measured. Results indicated that the average EF at D10 (71.83%), D20 (71.00%), and D30 (69.83%) was significantly reduced compared to D0 (77.66%). The average CO at D10 (1.68 l/min), D20 (1.51 l/min), and D30 (1.5 l/min) was significantly reduced compared to D0 (2.05 l/min). However, the average FS at D10 (40.54%), D20 (40.50%), and D30 (39.33%) reduced compared to D0 (45.00%); the reduction was not statistically significant. The average Ao/LA and LVPW/IVS remained unchanged during the study (without noticeable changes). Ovariohysterectomy negatively impacts cardiac function; accordingly, special care and follow-up during sterility are essential for maintaining cardiac health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]