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1. First light of VLT/HiRISE: High-resolution spectroscopy of young giant exoplanets

Author

Vigan, A., Morsy, M. El, Lopez, M., Otten, G. P. P. L., Garcia, J., Costes, J., Muslimov, E., Viret, A., Charles, Y., Zins, G., Murray, G., Costille, A., Paufique, J., Seemann, U., Houllé, M., Anwand-Heerwart, H., Phillips, M., Abinanti, A., Balard, P., Baraffe, I., Benedetti, J. -A., Blanchard, P., Blanco, L., Beuzit, J. -L., Choquet, E., Cristofari, P., Desidera, S., Dohlen, K., Dorn, R., Ely, T., Fuenteseca, E., Garcia, N., Jaquet, M., Jaubert, F., Kasper, M., Merrer, J. Le, Maire, A. -L., N'Diaye, M., Pallanca, L., Popovic, D., Pourcelot, R., Reiners, A., Rochat, S., Sehim, C., Schmutzer, R., Smette, A., Tchoubaklian, N., Tomlinson, P., and Soto, J. Valenzuela

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

A major endeavor of this decade is the direct characterization of young giant exoplanets at high spectral resolution to determine the composition of their atmosphere and infer their formation processes and evolution. Such a goal represents a major challenge owing to their small angular separation and luminosity contrast with respect to their parent stars. Instead of designing and implementing completely new facilities, it has been proposed to leverage the capabilities of existing instruments that offer either high contrast imaging or high dispersion spectroscopy, by coupling them using optical fibers. In this work we present the implementation and first on-sky results of the HiRISE instrument at the very large telescope (VLT), which combines the exoplanet imager SPHERE with the recently upgraded high resolution spectrograph CRIRES using single-mode fibers. The goal of HiRISE is to enable the characterization of known companions in the $H$ band, at a spectral resolution of the order of $R = \lambda/\Delta\lambda = 100\,000$, in a few hours of observing time. We present the main design choices and the technical implementation of the system, which is constituted of three major parts: the fiber injection module inside of SPHERE, the fiber bundle around the telescope, and the fiber extraction module at the entrance of CRIRES. We also detail the specific calibrations required for HiRISE and the operations of the instrument for science observations. Finally, we detail the performance of the system in terms of astrometry, temporal stability, optical aberrations, and transmission, for which we report a peak value of $\sim$3.9% based on sky measurements in median observing conditions. Finally, we report on the first astrophysical detection of HiRISE to illustrate its potential., Comment: 17 pages, 15 figures, 3 tables. Accepted in A&A on 24 October 2023

Published
2023

2. Connecting SPHERE and CRIRES+ for the characterisation of young exoplanets at high spectral resolution: status update of VLT/HiRISE

Author

Vigan, A., Lopez, M., Morsy, M. El, Muslimov, E., Viret, A., Zins, G., Murray, G., Costille, A., Otten, G. P. P. L., Seemann, U., Anwand-Heerwart, H., Dohlen, K., Blanchard, P., Garcia, J., Charles, Y., Tchoubaklian, N., Ely, T., Phillips, M., Paufique, J., Beuzit, J. -L., Houllé, M., Costes, J., Pourcelot, R., Baraffe, I., Dorn, R., Jaquet, M., Kasper, M., Reiners, A., Smette, A., Blanco, L., Pallanca, L., Carlotti, A., Choquet, É., Mouillet, D., and N'Diaye, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

New generation exoplanet imagers on large ground-based telescopes are highly optimised for the detection of young giant exoplanets in the near-infrared, but they are intrinsically limited for their characterisation by the low spectral resolution of their integral field spectrographs ($R<100$). High-dispersion spectroscopy at $R \gg 10^4$ would be a powerful tool for the characterisation of these planets, but there is currently no high-resolution spectrograph with extreme adaptive optics and coronagraphy that would enable such characterisation. With project HiRISE we propose to use fiber coupling to combine the capabilities of two flagship instruments at the Very Large Telescope in Chile: the exoplanet imager SPHERE and the high-resolution spectrograph CRIRES+. The coupling will be implemented at the telescope in early 2023. We provide a general overview of the implementation of HiRISE, of its assembly, integration and testing (AIT) phase in Europe, and a brief assessment of its expected performance based on the final hardware., Comment: Submitted to SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation 2022, Adaptive Optics Systems VIII, Paper 12185-27

Published
2022

3. Solar System Ephemerides, Pulsar Timing, Gravitational Waves, and Navigation

Author

Lazio, T. Joseph W., Bhaskaran, S., Cutler, C., Folkner, W. M., Park, R. S., Ellis, J. A., Ely, T., Taylor, S. R., and Vallisneri, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

In-spiraling supermassive black holes should emit gravitational waves, which would produce characteristic distortions in the time of arrival residuals from millisecond pulsars. Multiple national and regional consortia have constructed pulsar timing arrays by precise timing of different sets of millisecond pulsars. An essential aspect of precision timing is the transfer of the times of arrival to a (quasi-)inertial frame, conventionally the solar system barycenter. The barycenter is determined from the knowledge of the planetary masses and orbits, which has been refined over the past 50 years by multiple spacecraft. Within the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav), uncertainties on the solar system barycenter are emerging as an important element of the NANOGrav noise budget. We describe what is known about the solar system barycenter, touch upon how uncertainties in it affect gravitational wave studies with pulsar timing arrays, and consider future trends in spacecraft navigation., Comment: Four pages, 3 figures; to appear in the proceedings of IAU Symposium 337: Pulsar Astrophysics - The Next 50 Years, eds. P. Weltevrede, B. B. P. Perera, L. Levin Preston & S. Sanidas; see also http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ and arXiv:1801.02617

Published
2018
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5. First light of VLT/HiRISE: High-resolution spectroscopy of young giant exoplanets

Author

Vigan, A., primary, El Morsy, M., additional, Lopez, M., additional, Otten, G. P. P. L., additional, Garcia, J., additional, Costes, J., additional, Muslimov, E., additional, Viret, A., additional, Charles, Y., additional, Zins, G., additional, Murray, G., additional, Costille, A., additional, Paufique, J., additional, Seemann, U., additional, Houllé, M., additional, Anwand-Heerwart, H., additional, Phillips, M., additional, Abinanti, A., additional, Balard, P., additional, Baraffe, I., additional, Benedetti, J.-A., additional, Blanchard, P., additional, Blanco, L., additional, Beuzit, J.-L., additional, Choquet, E., additional, Cristofari, P., additional, Desidera, S., additional, Dohlen, K., additional, Dorn, R., additional, Ely, T., additional, Fuenteseca, E., additional, Garcia, N., additional, Jaquet, M., additional, Jaubert, F., additional, Kasper, M., additional, Le Merrer, J., additional, Maire, A.-L., additional, N’Diaye, M., additional, Pallanca, L., additional, Popovic, D., additional, Pourcelot, R., additional, Reiners, A., additional, Rochat, S., additional, Sehim, C., additional, Schmutzer, R., additional, Smette, A., additional, Tchoubaklian, N., additional, Tomlinson, P., additional, and Valenzuela Soto, J., additional

Published
2024
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11. Solar System Interiors, Atmospheres, and Surfaces Investigations via Radio Links: Goals for the Next Decade

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Asmar, Sami, Preston, R. A., Vergados, P., Atkinson, D. H., Andert, T., Ando, H., Ao, C. O., Armstrong, J. W., Ashby, N., Barriot, J.-P., Beauchamp, P. M., Bell, D. J., Bender, P. L., Benedetto, M. Di, Bills, B. G., Bird, M. K., Bocanegra-Bahamon, T. M., Botteon, G. K., Bruinsma, S., Buccino, D. R., Cahoy, K. L., Cappuccio, P., Choudhary, R. K., Dehant, V., Dumoulin, C., Durante, D., Edwards, C. D., Elliott, H. M., Ely, T. A., Ermakov, A. I., Ferri, F., Flasar, F. M., French, R. G., Genova, A., Goossens, S. J., Häusler, B., Helled, R., Hinson, D. P., Hofstadter, M. D., Iess, L., Imamura, T., Jongeling, A. P., Karatekin, Ö., Kaspi, Y., Kobayashi, M. M., Komjathy, A., Konopliv, A. S., Kursinski, E. R., Lazio, T. J. W., Maistre, S. Le, Lemoine, F. G., Lillis, R. J., Linscott, I. R., Mannucci, A. J., Marouf, E. A., Marty, J.-C., Matousek, S. E., Matsumoto, K., Mazarico, E. M., Notaro, V., Parisi, M., Park, R. S., Pätzold, M., Peytaví, G. G., Pugh, M. P., Rennó, N. O., Rosenblatt, P., Serra, D., Simpson, R. A., Smith, D. E., Steffes, P. G., Tapley, B. D., Tellmann, S., Tortora, P., Turyshev, S. G., Hoolst, T. Van, Verma, A. K., Watkins, M. M., Williamson, W., Wieczorek, M. A., Withers, P., Yseboodt, M., Yu, N., Zannoni, M., Zuber, M. T., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Asmar, Sami, Preston, R. A., Vergados, P., Atkinson, D. H., Andert, T., Ando, H., Ao, C. O., Armstrong, J. W., Ashby, N., Barriot, J.-P., Beauchamp, P. M., Bell, D. J., Bender, P. L., Benedetto, M. Di, Bills, B. G., Bird, M. K., Bocanegra-Bahamon, T. M., Botteon, G. K., Bruinsma, S., Buccino, D. R., Cahoy, K. L., Cappuccio, P., Choudhary, R. K., Dehant, V., Dumoulin, C., Durante, D., Edwards, C. D., Elliott, H. M., Ely, T. A., Ermakov, A. I., Ferri, F., Flasar, F. M., French, R. G., Genova, A., Goossens, S. J., Häusler, B., Helled, R., Hinson, D. P., Hofstadter, M. D., Iess, L., Imamura, T., Jongeling, A. P., Karatekin, Ö., Kaspi, Y., Kobayashi, M. M., Komjathy, A., Konopliv, A. S., Kursinski, E. R., Lazio, T. J. W., Maistre, S. Le, Lemoine, F. G., Lillis, R. J., Linscott, I. R., Mannucci, A. J., Marouf, E. A., Marty, J.-C., Matousek, S. E., Matsumoto, K., Mazarico, E. M., Notaro, V., Parisi, M., Park, R. S., Pätzold, M., Peytaví, G. G., Pugh, M. P., Rennó, N. O., Rosenblatt, P., Serra, D., Simpson, R. A., Smith, D. E., Steffes, P. G., Tapley, B. D., Tellmann, S., Tortora, P., Turyshev, S. G., Hoolst, T. Van, Verma, A. K., Watkins, M. M., Williamson, W., Wieczorek, M. A., Withers, P., Yseboodt, M., Yu, N., Zannoni, M., and Zuber, M. T.

Published
2022

12. Solar System Ephemerides, Pulsar Timing, Gravitational Waves, & Navigation

Author

Vallisneri, M, Taylor, S, Ely, T, Ellis, J, Park, R. S, Folkner, W. M, Cutler, C, Bhaskaran, S, and Lazio, Joseph

Abstract

In-spiraling supermassive black holes should emit gravitational waves, which would produce characteristic distortions in the pulse time of arrival residuals from millisecond pulsars. There are multiple national and regional consortia that have constructed pulsar timing arrays by precise timing of different sets of millisecond pulsars. An essential aspect of precision timing is the transfer of the pulsar times of arrival to a (quasi-)inertial reference frame, conventionally taken to be the solar system barycenter. The solar system barycenter is determined from the knowledge of the planetary masses and orbits, which has been re ned over the course of the past 50 years by multiple spacecraft missions. Within the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav), uncertainties on the solar system barycenter are emerging as an important element of the overall NANOGrav noise budget. We describe what is known about the solar system barycenter, touch upon how uncertainties in it affect gravitational wave studies with pulsar timing arrays, and consider future trends in spacecraft navigation.

Published
2017

17. Huge Variation in H2 Generation During Seawater Alteration of Ultramafic Rocks.

Author

Ely, T. D., Leong, J. M., Canovas, P. A., and Shock, E. L.

Subjects
ULTRABASIC rocks, SEAWATER, PLANETARY surfaces, CHEMICAL species, ORIGIN of life
Abstract

Water‐rock reactions liberate bioavailable energy, a necessary condition for chemotrophic habitability and origins of life. The major minerals of ultramafic (UM) rocks: olivine (ol), orthopyroxene (opx), and clinopyroxene (cpx), are of particular astrobiological interest as they are widespread in the solar system and known to produce significant quantities of H2 during aqueous alteration (serpentinization). H2 yields energy to life when oxidized by chemical species common to planetary fluids and is the most deeply rooted metabolite in Earth's phylogenetic tree. However, while field observations and calculations have corroborated the H2‐generating potential of UM rocks, specific formation pathways remain elusive, as the alteration assemblages in natural samples contain substantial heterogeneity. Here we show that variable UM compositions, temperature (T), and the mass ratio of Earth's seawater to rock (w/r) conspire to segregate alteration systems into those that produce supra‐mmol H2, and those that produce sub‐µmol H2. The oxidation of UM Fe(II) to Fe(III) provides the electrons necessary to reduce H2O to H2. However, the Fe(III)‐bearing phases that facilitate this process form together with more abundant phases competing for the same elements, including Ca, Si, and Fe(II). As a result, H2 abundance is determined by non‐redox‐active elements. Maximum H2 at high T requires low Si and is generally supported by Fe(III)‐serpentine and magnetite formation. Andradite formation, which stores Fe(III) but requires elevated Ca abundance, throttles up H2 production as T decreases in aging systems. These conditions are achieved in ol‐ and cpx‐rich rocks while opx‐rich rocks sequester less Fe(III), producing less H2. Plain Language Summary: Rocks near the surface of a planet commonly interact with water, such as seawater. This interaction can cause chemical reactions that produce hydrogen, which single celled organisms can consume to drive their metabolism. In this study, we use thermodynamic techniques to calculate the amount of hydrogen that is produced when a rock type common to the Earth and our solar system (ultramafic rock) interacts with seawater, across changes in temperature, changes in the physical ratio of seawater to rock, and changes in the ultramafic composition. These are all fundamental variables that natural systems sustaining diverse ecosystems explore. We find that some ultramafic rocks (those enriched in the mineral orthopyroxene) are unlikely to benefit life, whereas other ultramafic compositions (those enriched in the minerals olivine and/or clinopyroxene) produce large quantities of hydrogen. We resolve and discuss the mechanism by which this dichotomy emerges. Key Points: Seawater‐hosted serpentinizing systems partition into those that produce >mmol H2, and those that produce <μmol H2, given Si, Ca, and FeH2 production is highly heterogeneous with respect to ultramafic compositionThe formation of magnetite + brucite does not necessarily indicate large H2 production [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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19. Construção de um Guia para o Uso do Instagram no Contexto do Ensino Remoto: Empatia Durante a Pandemia da Covid-19

Author

Maria C. M. Silva, Soraya R. S. Medeiros, Israel D. Santos Júnior, Ely T. S. Ramos, Ednny K. A. Sales, Ivone M. Oliveira, Amanda C. D. Tavares, and Patricia R. V. V. Andrade

Abstract

A pandemia de Covid-19 trouxe um desafio para a educação: estabelecer uma rede educacional eficaz virtualmente. Na perspectiva de cativar discentes com inovações, desenvolvemos, em uma disciplina do Mestrado, um material sobre o Uso do Instagram no ensino remoto para professores do 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental (EF) na área de Linguagens. Este artigo apresenta uma proposta de interação professor/aluno no Instagram, propondo habilidades descritas na Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) [Brasil 2018] com diversidade de gêneros textuais e ferramentas que a rede social possibilita. Assim, sugerimos sequências didáticas com cinco atividades norteadoras que descrevem como aplicar os gêneros por meio da rede social, que foram compiladas para o guia e tal material foi divulgado buscando atingir o maior número de professores possível.

Published
2020
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20. Solar System Interiors, Atmospheres, and Surfaces Investigations via Radio Links: Goals for the Next Decade

Author

Asmar, Sami, primary, Preston, R. A., additional, Vergados, P., additional, Atkinson, D. H., additional, Andert, T., additional, Ando, H., additional, Ao, C. O., additional, Armstrong, J. W., additional, Ashby, N., additional, Barriot, J.-P., additional, Beauchamp, P. M., additional, Bell, D. J., additional, Bender, P. L., additional, Benedetto, M. Di, additional, Bills, B. G., additional, Bird, M. K., additional, Bocanegra-Bahamon, T. M., additional, Botteon, G. K., additional, Bruinsma, S., additional, Buccino, D. R., additional, Cahoy, K. L., additional, Cappuccio, P., additional, Choudhary, R. K., additional, Dehant, V., additional, Dumoulin, C., additional, Durante, D., additional, Edwards, C. D., additional, Elliott, H. M., additional, Ely, T. A., additional, Ermakov, A. I., additional, Ferri, F., additional, Flasar, F. M., additional, French, R. G., additional, Genova, A., additional, Goossens, S. J., additional, Häusler, B., additional, Helled, R., additional, Hinson, D. P., additional, Hofstadter, M. D., additional, Iess, L., additional, Imamura, T., additional, Jongeling, A. P., additional, Karatekin, Ö., additional, Kaspi, Y., additional, Kobayashi, M. M., additional, Komjathy, A., additional, Konopliv, A. S., additional, Kursinski, E. R., additional, Lazio, T. J. W., additional, Maistre, S. Le, additional, Lemoine, F. G., additional, Lillis, R. J., additional, Linscott, I. R., additional, Mannucci, A. J., additional, Marouf, E. A., additional, Marty, J.-C., additional, Matousek, S. E., additional, Matsumoto, K., additional, Mazarico, E. M., additional, Notaro, V., additional, Parisi, M., additional, Park, R. S., additional, Pätzold, M., additional, Peytaví, G. G., additional, Pugh, M. P., additional, Rennó, N. O., additional, Rosenblatt, P., additional, Serra, D., additional, Simpson, R. A., additional, Smith, D. E., additional, Steffes, P. G., additional, Tapley, B. D., additional, Tellmann, S., additional, Tortora, P., additional, Turyshev, S. G., additional, Hoolst, T. Van, additional, Verma, A. K., additional, Watkins, M. M., additional, Williamson, W., additional, Wieczorek, M. A., additional, Withers, P., additional, Yseboodt, M., additional, Yu, N., additional, Zannoni, M., additional, and Zuber, M. T., additional

Published
2021
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24. Nanoscale bimetallic CoxPt1-x particles dispersed in poly(vinylpyrrolidone): synthesis from organometallic precursors and characterization

Author

Ely, T. Ould, Pan, Cheng, Amiens, C., Chaudret, B., Dassenoy, F., Lecante, P., Casanove, M.-J., Mosset, A., Broto, J.-M., and Respaud, M.

Subjects
Laminated metals -- Research, Organometallic chemistry -- Research, Chemicals, plastics and rubber industries
Abstract

It has been possible to demonstrate the synthesis of CoxPt1-x particles of nanometric size dispersed in an inert organic matrix through the simultaneous decomposition of the organometallic precursors Co(eta3-C8H13)(eta4-C8H12) and Pt2(dba)3 in solution in mild conditions.

Published
2000

25. MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF COMPOUND FORM (FUKUGOUDOUSHI) VERB+AGERU IN JAPANESE

Author

Annisa Febriliani, Ely Triasih Rahayu, and Dian Bayu Firmansyah

Subjects
compound verb, formation pattern, fukugoudoushi, japanese linguistics, morphology, Japanese language and literature, PL501-889
Abstract

This study aims to investigate the formation and meaning of fukugoudoushi or compound verb formed from the Verb+ageru. This study is a qualitative descriptive research. The total of 35 data is in the form of sentences in data sources taken from the 2021 edition of the NHK Japan articles. The data collection method is the note-taking method. Data analysis uses the distributional method with advanced techniques for direct elements, namely by dividing the fukugoudoushi forming elements into front and back elements. Furthermore, it explains the characteristics of the front elements based on the theory of Kindaichi (1989) which divides doushi into 4 groups, namely joutaidoushi, keizokudoushi, shunkandoushi, and daiyonshu-doushi. The results showed that out of 35 data analyzed there were front elements of fukugoudoushi ~ageru in the form of tadoushi-keizokudoushi (20 data), tadoushi-shunkandoushi (9 data), jidoushi-keizokudoushi (1 datum), jidoushi-shunkandoushi (3 data), and futsuumeishi (2 data). The meanings resulting from the formation of fukugoudoushi ~ageru include showing direction, showing improvement, showing high value, expressing self-demeaning, and ending an activity.

Published
2023
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29. Connecting SPHERE and CRIRES+ for the characterisation of young exoplanets at high spectral resolution: status update of VLT/HiRISE

Author

Schreiber, Laura, Schmidt, Dirk, Vernet, Elise, Vigan, A., Lopez, M., El Morsy, M., Muslimov, E., Viret, A., Zins, G., Murray, G., Costille, A., Otten, G. P. P. L., Seemann, U., Anwand-Heerwart, H., Dohlen, K., Blanchard, P., Garcia, J., Charles, Y., Tchoubaklian, N., Ely, T., Phillips, M., Paufique, J., Beuzit, J.-L., Houllé, M., Costes, J., Pourcelot, R., Baraffe, I., Dorn, R., Jaquet, M., Kasper, M., Reiners, A., Smette, A., Blanco, L., Pallanca, L., Carlotti, A., Choquet, É., Mouillet, D., and N'Diaye, M.

Published
2022
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30. DIII-D research towards establishing the scientific basis for future fusion reactors

Author

Abadie, L, Abrams, T, Ahn, J, Akiyama, T, Aleynikov, P, Allcock, J, Allen, E, Allen, S, Anderson, J, Ashourvan, A, Austin, M, Bak, J, Barada, K, Barbour, N, Bardoczi, L, Barr, J, Barton, J, Bass, E, Battaglia, D, Baylor, L, Beckers, J, Belli, E, Berkery, J, Bertelli, N, Bialek, J, Boedo, J, Boivin, R, Bonoli, P, Bortolon, A, Boyer, M, Brambila, R, Bray, B, Brennan, D, Briesemeister, A, Bringuier, S, Brookman, M, Brower, D, Brown, B, Brown, W, Buchenauer, D, Burke, M, Burrell, K, Butt, J, Buttery, R, Bykov, I, Candy, J, Canik, J, Cao, N, Carbajal Gomez, L, Carlson, L, Carlstrom, T, Carter, T, Cary, W, Casali, L, Cengher, M, Chan, V, Chen, B, Chen, J, Chen, M, Chen, R, Chen, X, Choi, W, Chrobak, C, Chrystal, C, Churchill, R, Cianciosa, M, Clauser, C, Clement, M, Coburn, J, Collins, C, Cooper, A, Covele, B, Crippen, J, Crocker, N, Crowley, B, Dal Molin, A, Davis, E, Degrassie, J, del-Castillo-Negrete, C, Delgado-Aparicio, L, Diallo, A, Diem, S, Ding, R, Ding, S, Ding, W, Doane, J, Donovan, D, Drake, J, Du, D, Du, H, Du, X, Duarte, V, Duran, J, Eidietis, N, Elder, D, Eldon, D, Elwasif, W, Ely, T, Eng, K, Engelhorn, K, Ennis, D, Erickson, K, Ernst, D, Evans, T, Fenstermacher, M, Ferraro, N, Ferron, J, Finkenthal, D, Fisher, P, Fishler, B, Flanagan, S, Fooks, J, Frassinetti, L, Frerichs, H, Fu, Y, Fulop, T, Gao, Q, Garcia, F, Garofalo, A, Gattuso, A, Giacomelli, L, Giraldez, E, Giroud, C, Glass, F, Gohil, P, Gong, X, Gorelov, Y, Granetz, R, Green, D, Greenfield, C, Grierson, B, Groebner, R, Grosnickle, W, Groth, M, Grunloh, H, Guo, H, Guo, W, Guterl, J, Hager, R, Hahn, S, Halpern, F, Han, H, Hansink, M, Hanson, J, Harris, J, Haskey, S, Hatch, D, Heidbrink, W, Herfindal, J, Hill, D, Hill, M, Hinson, E, Holcomb, C, Holland, C, Holland, L, Hollmann, E, Holm, A, Hong, R, Hoppe, M, Houshmandyar, S, Howard, J, Howard, N, Hu, Q, Hu, W, Huang, H, Huang, J, Huang, Y, Hughes, G, Hughes, J, Humphreys, D, Hyatt, A, Ida, K, Igochine, V, In, Y, Inoue, S, Isayama, A, Isler, R, Izzo, V, Jackson, M, Jarvinen, A, Jeon, Y, Ji, H, Jian, X, Jimenez, R, Johnson, C, Joseph, I, Kaczala, D, Kaplan, D, Kates-Harbeck, J, Kellman, A, Kellman, D, Kessel, C, Khumthong, K, Kim, C, Kim, H, Kim, J, Kim, K, Kim, S, Kimura, W, King, J, Kirk, A, Kleijwegt, K, Knolker, M, Kohn, A, Kolemen, E, Kostuk, M, Kramer, G, Kress, P, Kriete, D, La Haye, R, Laggner, F, Lan, H, Lanctot, M, Lantsov, R, Lao, L, Lasnier, C, Lau, C, Law, K, Lawrence, D, Le, J, Lee, R, Lehnen, M, Leon, R, Leonard, A, Lesher, M, Leuer, J, Li, G, Li, K, Liao, K, Lin, Z, Liu, C, Liu, F, Liu, Y, Liu, Z, Loch, S, Logan, N, Lohr, J, Lore, J, Luce, T, Luhmann, N, Lunsford, R, Luo, C, Luo, Z, Lupin-Jimenez, L, Lvovskiy, A, Lyons, B, Ma, X, Maingi, R, Makowski, M, Mantica, P, Manuel, M, Margo, M, Marinoni, A, Marmar, E, Martin, W, Masline, R, Matsunaga, G, Mauzey, D, Mauzey, P, Mcclenaghan, J, Mckee, G, Mclean, A, Mclean, H, Meier, E, Meitner, S, Menard, J, Meneghini, O, Merlo, G, Meyer, W, Miller, D, Miller, W, Moeller, 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Wilcox, R, Wilks, T, Wilson, H, Wingen, A, Wolfe, E, Wu, M, Wu, W, Wukitch, S, Xia, T, Xiang, N, Xiao, B, Xie, R, Xu, G, Xu, H, Xu, X, Yan, Z, Yang, Q, Yang, X, Yoshida, M, Yu, G, Yu, J, Yu, M, Zamperini, S, Zeng, L, Zhao, B, Zhao, D, Zhao, H, Zhao, Y, Zhu, Y, Zywicki, B, L. Abadie, T. W. Abrams, J. Ahn, T. Akiyama, P. Aleynikov, J. Allcock, E. O. Allen, S. Allen, J. P. Anderson, A. Ashourvan, M. E. Austin, J. Bak, K. K. Barada, N. Barbour, L. Bardoczi, J. Barr, J. L. Barton, E. M. Bass, D. Battaglia, L. R. Baylor, J. Beckers, E. A. Belli, J. W. Berkery, N. Bertelli, J. M. Bialek, J. A. Boedo, R. L. Boivin, P. T. Bonoli, A. Bortolon, M. D. Boyer, R. E. Brambila, B. Bray, D. P. Brennan, A. R. Briesemeister, S. A. Bringuier, M. W. Brookman, D. L. Brower, B. R. Brown, W. D. Brown, D. Buchenauer, M. G. Burke, K. H. Burrell, J. Butt, R. J. Buttery, I. Bykov, J. M. Candy, J. M. Canik, N. M. Cao, L. Carbajal Gomez, L. C. Carlson, T. N. Carlstrom, T. A. Carter, W. Cary, L. Casali, M. Cengher, V. S. Chan, B. Chen, J. Chen, M. Chen, R. Chen, Xi Chen, W. Choi, C. Chrobak, C. Chrystal, R. M. Churchill, M. Cianciosa, C. F. Clauser, M. Clement, J. Coburn, C. S. Collins, A. W. Cooper, B. M. Covele, J. W. Crippen, N. A. Crocker, B. J. Crowley, A. Dal Molin, E. M. Davis, J. S. deGrassie, C. A. del-Castillo-Negrete, L. F. Delgado-Aparicio, A. Diallo, S. J. Diem, R. Ding, S. Ding, W. Ding, J. L. Doane, D. C. Donovan, J. Drake, D. Du, H. Du, X. Du, V. Duarte, J. D. Duran, N. W. Eidietis, D. Elder, D. Eldon, W. Elwasif, T. E. Ely, K. M. Eng, K. Engelhorn, D. Ennis, K. Erickson, D. R. Ernst, T. E. Evans, M. E. Fenstermacher, N. M. Ferraro, J. R. Ferron, D. F. Finkenthal, P. A. Fisher, B. Fishler, S. M. Flanagan, J. A. Fooks, L. Frassinetti, H. G. Frerichs, Y. Fu, T. Fulop, Q. Gao, F. Garcia, A. M. Garofalo, A. Gattuso, L. Giacomelli, E. M. Giraldez, C. Giroud, F. Glass, P. Gohil, X. Gong, Y. A. Gorelov, R. S. Granetz, D. L. Green, C. M. Greenfield, B. A. Grierson, R. J. Groebner, W. H. Grosnickle, M. Groth, H. J. Grunloh, H. Y. Guo, W. Guo, J. Guterl, R. C. Hager, S. Hahn, F. D. Halpern, H. Han, M. J. Hansink, J. M. Hanson, J. Harris, S. R. Haskey, D. R. Hatch, W. W. Heidbrink, J. Herfindal, D. N. Hill, M. D. Hill, E. T. Hinson, C. T. Holcomb, C. G. Holland, L. D. Holland, E. M. Hollmann, A. M. Holm, R. Hong, M. Hoppe, S. Houshmandyar, J. Howard, N. T. Howard, Q. Hu, W. Hu, H. Huang, J. Huang, Y. Huang, G. A. Hughes, J. Hughes, D. A. Humphreys, A. W. Hyatt, K. Ida, V. Igochine, Y. In, S. Inoue, A. Isayama, R. C. Isler, V. A. Izzo, M. R. Jackson, A. E. Jarvinen, Y. Jeon, H. Ji, X. Jian, R. Jimenez, C. A. Johnson, I. Joseph, D. N. Kaczala, D. H. Kaplan, J. Kates-Harbeck, A. G. Kellman, D. H. Kellman, C. E. Kessel, K. Khumthong, C. C. Kim, H. Kim, J. Kim, K. Kim, S. H. Kim, W. Kimura, J. R. King, A. Kirk, K. Kleijwegt, M. Knolker, A. Kohn, E. Kolemen, M. Kostuk, G. J. Kramer, P. Kress, D. M. Kriete, R. J. La Haye, F. M. Laggner, H. Lan, M. J. Lanctot, R. Lantsov, L. L. Lao, C. J. Lasnier, C. Lau, K. Law, D. Lawrence, J. Le, R. L. Lee, M. Lehnen, R. Leon, A. W. Leonard, M. Lesher, J. A. Leuer, G. Li, K. Li, K. T. Liao, Z. Lin, C. Liu, F. Liu, Y. Liu, Z. Liu, S. Loch, N. C. Logan, J. M. Lohr, J. Lore, T. C. Luce, N. C. Luhmann, R. Lunsford, C. Luo, Z. Luo, L. Lupin-Jimenez, A. Lvovskiy, B. C. Lyons, X. Ma, R. Maingi, M. A. Makowski, P. Mantica, M. Manuel, M. W. Margo, A. Marinoni, E. Marmar, W. C. Martin, R. L. Masline, G. K. Matsunaga, D. M. Mauzey, P. S. Mauzey, J. T. Mcclenaghan, G. R. Mckee, A. G. Mclean, H. S. Mclean, E. Meier, S. J. Meitner, J. E. Menard, O. Meneghini, G. Merlo, W. H. Meyer, D. C. Miller, W. J. Miller, C. P. Moeller, K. J. Montes, M. A. Morales, S. Mordijck, A. Moser, R. A. Moyer, S. A. Muller, S. Munaretto, M. Murakami, C. J. Murphy, C. M. Muscatello, C. E. Myers, A. Nagy, G. A. Navratil, R. M. Nazikian, A. L. Neff, T. F. Neiser, A. Nelson, P. Nguyen, R. Nguyen, J. H. Nichols, M. Nocente, R. E. Nygren, R. C. O'Neill, T. Odstrcil, S. Ohdachi, M. Okabayashi, E. Olofsson, M. Ono, D. M. Orlov, T. H. Osborne, N. A. Pablant, D. C. Pace, R. R. Paguio, A. Pajares Martinez, C. Pan, A. Pankin, J. M. Park, J. Park, Y. Park, C. T. Parker, S. E. Parker, P. B. Parks, C. J. Pawley, C. A. Paz-Soldan, W. A. Peebles, B. G. Penaflor, T. W. Petrie, C. C. Petty, Y. Peysson, A. Y. Pigarov, D. A. Piglowski, R. I. Pinsker, P. Piovesan, N. Piper, R. A. Pitts, J. D. Pizzo, M. L. Podesta, F. M. Poli, D. Ponce, M. Porkolab, G. D. Porter, R. Prater, J. Qian, O. Ra, T. Rafiq, R. Raman, C. Rand, G. C. Randall, J. M. Rauch, C. Rea, M. L. Reinke, J. Ren, Q. Ren, Y. Ren, T. L. Rhodes, J. Rice, T. D. Rognlien, J. C. Rost, W. L. Rowan, D. L. Rudakov, A. Salmi, B. S. Sammuli, C. M. Samuell, A. M. Sandorfi, C. Sang, O. J. Sauter, D. P. Schissel, L. Schmitz, O. Schmitz, E. J. Schuster, J. T. Scoville, A. Seltzman, I. Sfiligoi, M. Shafer, H. Shen, T. Shi, D. Shiraki, H. Si, D. R. Smith, S. P. Smith, J. A. Snipes, P. B. Snyder, E. R. Solano, W. M. Solomon, A. C. Sontag, V. A. Soukhanovskii, D. A. Spong, W. M. Stacey, G. M. Staebler, L. Stagner, B. Stahl, P. C. Stangeby, T. J. Stoltzfus-Dueck, D. P. Stotler, E. J. Strait, D. Su, L. E. Sugiyama, A. A. Sulyman, Y. Sun, C. Sung, W. A. Suttrop, Y. Suzuki, A. Svyatkovskiy, R. M. Sweeney, S. Taimourzadeh, M. Takechi, T. Tala, H. Tan, S. Tang, X. Tang, D. Taussig, G. Taylor, N. Z. Taylor, T. S. Taylor, A. Teklu, D. M. Thomas, M. B. Thomas, K. E. Thome, A. R. Thorman, R. A. Tinguely, B. J. Tobias, J. F. Tooker, H. Torreblanca, A. Torrezan De Sousa, G. L. Trevisan, D. Truong, F. Turco, A. D. Turnbull, E. A. Unterberg, P. Vaezi, P. J. Vail, M. A. Van Zeeland, M. Velasco Enriquez, M. C. Venkatesh, B. S. Victor, F. Volpe, M. R. Wade, M. L. Walker, J. R. Wall, G. M. Wallace, R. E. Waltz, G. Wang, H. Wang, Y. Wang, Z. Wang, F. Wang, S. H. Ward, J. G. Watkins, M. Watkins, W. P. Wehner, M. Weiland, D. B. Weisberg, A. S. Welander, A. E. White, R. B. White, D. Whyte, T. A. Wijkamp, R. Wilcox, T. Wilks, H. R. Wilson, A. Wingen, E. Wolfe, M. Wu, W. Wu, S. J. Wukitch, T. Xia, N. Xiang, B. Xiao, R. Xie, G. Xu, H. Xu, X. Xu, Z. Yan, Q. Yang, X. Yang, M. Yoshida, G. Yu, J. H. Yu, M. Yu, S. A. Zamperini, L. Zeng, B. Zhao, D. Zhao, H. Zhao, Y. Zhao, Y. Zhu, and B. Zywicki

Abstract

DIII-D research is addressing critical challenges in preparation for ITER and the next generation of fusion devices through focusing on plasma physics fundamentals that underpin key fusion goals, understanding the interaction of disparate core and boundary plasma physics, and developing integrated scenarios for achieving high performance fusion regimes. Fundamental investigations into fusion energy science find that anomalous dissipation of runaway electrons (RE) that arise following a disruption is likely due to interactions with RE-driven kinetic instabilities, some of which have been directly observed, opening a new avenue for RE energy dissipation using naturally excited waves. Dimensionless parameter scaling of intrinsic rotation and gyrokinetic simulations give a predicted ITER rotation profile with significant turbulence stabilization. Coherence imaging spectroscopy confirms near sonic flow throughout the divertor towards the target, which may account for the convection-dominated parallel heat flux. Core-boundary integration studies show that the small angle slot divertor achieves detachment at lower density and extends plasma cooling across the divertor target plate, which is essential for controlling heat flux and erosion. The Super H-mode regime has been extended to high plasma current (2.0 MA) and density to achieve very high pedestal pressures (∼30 kPa) and stored energy (3.2 MJ) with H 98y2 ≈ 1.6-2.4. In scenario work, the ITER baseline Q = 10 scenario with zero injected torque is found to have a fusion gain metric independent of current between q 95 = 2.8-3.7, and a lower limit of pedestal rotation for RMP ELM suppression has been found. In the wide pedestal QH-mode regime that exhibits improved performance and no ELMs, the start-up counter torque has been eliminated so that the entire discharge uses ≈0 injected torque and the operating space is more ITER-relevant. Finally, the high- (3.8) hybrid scenario has been extended to the high-density levels ne

Published
2019

31. Key Issues for Navigation and Time Dissemination in NASA's Space Exploration Program

Author

Nelson, R. A, Brodsky, B, Oria, A. J, Connolly, J. W, Sands, O. S, Welch, B. W, Ely T, Orr, R, and Schuchman, L

Subjects
Space Communications, Spacecraft Communications, Command And Tracking
Abstract

The renewed emphasis on robotic and human missions within NASA's space exploration program warrants a detailed consideration of how the positions of objects in space will be determined and tracked, whether they be spacecraft, human explorers, robots, surface vehicles, or science instrumentation. The Navigation Team within the NASA Space Communications Architecture Working Group (SCAWG) has addressed several key technical issues in this area and the principle findings are reported here. For navigation in the vicinity of the Moon, a variety of satellite constellations have been investigated that provide global or regional surface position determination and timely services analogous to those offered by GPS at Earth. In the vicinity of Mars, there are options for satellite constellations not available at the Moon due to the gravitational perturbations from Earth, such as two satellites in an aerostationary orbit. Alternate methods of radiometric navigation as considered, including one- and two-way signals, as well as autonomous navigation. The use of a software radio capable of receiving all available signal sources, such as GPS, pseudolites, and communication channels, is discussed. Methods of time transfer and dissemination are also considered in this paper.

Published
2006

33. Sensitivity of Mars surface navigation to timing errors

Author

Ely, T. A and Bell, D

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration
Abstract

This study will show that the surface asset positioning process is robust and relatively insensitive to these errors. Indeed, the combination of in-situ and MN orbiter to Earth Doppler data is capable of simultaneously resolving surface asset and MN orbiter positions to an accuracy of 10 m, and clock errors to levels better than 3 msec.

Published
2003

41. NASA's telecommunications strategy for Mars exploration

Author

Edwards, C. D, Bell, D. J, Ely, T. A, Hastrup, R. C, and Jedrey, T. C

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration
Abstract

We describe here strategies to meet the new telecommunications challenges.

Published
2001

45. Mars surface asset positioning using in-situ radio tracking

Author

Portock, B, Ely, T, and Guinn, J

Abstract

This paper compares positioning performances resulting from DTE only and in-situ orbiter operations through more accurate path reconstruction available from this technique.

Published
2000

47. Event Detection and Identification During Autonomous Interplanetary Navigation

Author

Bishop, R, Crain, T, and Ely, T

Abstract

An autonomous/adaptive interplanetary navigation architecture employing neural networks and genetic algorithms is being developed that will alert navigators when a shift from optimal to suboptimal filtering occurs and assist in modifying the filter parameters to resume optical tracking.

Published
2000

49. Mars Network: Strategies for Deploying Enabling Telecommunications Capabilities in Support of Mars Exploration

Author

Edwards, C. D, Adams, J. T, Agre, J. R, Bell, D. J, Clare, L. P, Durning, J. F, Ely, T. A, Hemmati, H, Leung, R. Y, and McGraw, C. A

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration
Abstract

The coming decade of Mars exploration will involve a diverse set of robotic science missions, including in situ and sample return investigations, and ultimately moving towards sustained robotic presence on the Martian surface. In supporting this mission set, NASA must establish a robust telecommunications architecture that meets the specific science needs of near-term missions while enabling new methods of future exploration. This paper will assess the anticipated telecommunications needs of future Mars exploration, examine specific options for deploying capabilities, and quantify the performance of these options in terms of key figures of merit.

Published
2000

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