Search

In the 19th century, broad functional development begins in the field of styles, where there is an even greater stability of linguistic norms, the increase in national characteristics and internal capabilities of the language, as well as the widespread use of various stylistic methods in speech, which they begin to record in dictionaries. The relevance of the study is explained by the interest in the dialectal vocabulary of the Tatar language, as one of the components of the lexical fund of bilingual dictionaries of the 19th century. The purpose of the study is to determine the role of dialect words in the system of Tatar speech of the 19th century, as one of the Turkic languages. In the course of the study, the authors studied the modern works of Russian and foreign authors on linguistics, lexicography; the dialectal material recorded in the Russian-Tatar dictionaries of the 19th century is analyzed; comparisons are made between the dictionary by M. Kashgari and the modern Tatar language.

The paremiological Fund is a repository of the national and cultural heritage of the mankind; it accumulates and preserves the knowledge of the people in its various manifestations. This article analyses the corpus of Tatar and Uighur proverbs that exist in the Tatar and Uighur languages. The article suggests and substantiates the assumption that folklore, namely the Tatar-Uighur proverbial Parallels are a reliable language source for the description of ethnic identity. This explains the relevance of a thorough linguistic study of paremiological Parallels of the Turkic languages. Particular attention is paid to the specifics and differences in the paroemias of the languages. For identifying the linguistic and cultural-national specifications of proverbs the comparative analysis of proverbs should be done. The study of folklore data helped to reveal that both languages have a large number of paremiological parallels that have preserved for centuries. The authors come to the conclusion that paroemias have an important place in the life of the people and allow learning more about its culture. The field of research interest includes not only paroemias that have a similarity in meaning or familiar metaphorical basis, but also paroemias that reflect national specifics, peculiarities of local culture. Certain parallels are found in metaphorical models, the system of images and meanings of such paremiological units in the Tatar and Uighur languages. This linguistic research of Tatar and Uighur paroemias allows confirming the special importance of studying the works of folk art.

The bilingual dictionaries are one of the valuable sources for historical and linguistic researches. They allow to document the role and place of different language elements in the history of nation culture, they record lexical units in certain historical periods, indicate the relations of different languages, show the mutual influence of multi-structural language systems. At the same time, the dictionaries are the indicators of linguistic modification, i.e. innovations that arise in the language due to the influence of religious and social factors occurring as linguistic variability on different linguistic levels including lexicographical one. There have been recorded a lot of synonymic lexical units in bilingual Tatar dictionaries, showing harmonious development of standard and common language since the XIX century. Dictionaries are considered as objects of two cultures, Russian and Tatar, and reflect the modification of language content. This study is focused on lexical synonyms, recorded in Russian-Tatar and Tatar-Russian translation dictionaries and considered as components of Tatar vocabulary from the linguistic aspect. Studying the bilingual dictionaries, the authors have decided to determine the role of synonyms in the dictionaries of the XIX century compiled by the Missionary Societies, to identify changes in the structure of bilingual dictionaries regarding the transfer of synonyms in the XX and XXI centuries, which will show the ways of development of the Tatar modern standard language and characteristic of the vocabulary in dictionaries.

The article studies learning the Tatar language according to the textocentric principle. The purpose of this study is to explain the linguistic and methodological features of development of speech, language and ethno-cultural competence of students on the basis of texts of the Tatar language textbooks. Textocentric approach takes an important place in the educational process, as it allows Russian-speaking students to form speech, language and ethno-cultural competence in the process of learning the Tatar language, as well as to achieve the main objectives of education. It contributes to the achievement of better practical results and increase of interest in the subject, helps the students to improve their communication skills, discover new cultural values, expand their horizons. The texts used in the educational process can be different in genre, theme, volume, however, they serve as means of obtaining information and developing the creative potential of students. The results of the study will be useful to teachers engaged in teaching national languages in schools and to researchers studying the improvement of modern linguomethodology. It is important to point out that the formation of speech skills while reading or listening to texts allows to provide students with the opportunity to make their own oral and written statements logically and constructively and understand the speech of other people.

The vocabulary of each language consists of words that enable people to call the things they see and express their attitude towards them, characterize and compare them with the others. To do it, one uses lexical and grammatical means of native language andthe borrowed ones from other kindred languages and unrelated languages. If in the beginning these “foreign” words are perceived as exoticisms, with time, without suspecting of their foreign origin, they can enter into its active lexical fund, take a placein dictionaries, be actively used in oral and written speech. However, they may be forgotten, not accepted by the canons of the language, or become archaisms and historicisms. The relevance of the study is explained by the tasks of revealing the role of the activity of loan words with the synonymy of the Tatar language. The article presents the materials that reflect the experience of research of the teachers of the Kazan Federal University in cooperation with the colleagues from other countries on the study of Turkic languages, including the Tatar language in synchrony and diachrony. It is well known that the etymological affinity of the borrowed lexicon from different languages is not the same, as well as their morphological and semantic features. If themost active words are the words related to nouns and adjectives, then verb forms in Turkic languages are rarely borrowed. This paper aim is a lexico-semantic description of the synonymous connections of the verbs with borrowed stems in the Tatar language, as one of the representatives of the Turkic world. During the research, the authors got insight into modern works of Russian and foreign authors on linguistics, philology; analyzed the lexical material fixed in bilingual dictionaries and in “The Dictionary of Synonyms” of the Tatar language; made comparisons of the dictionary fund and practical Tatar speech; revealed the basic tendencies of development of the modern literary language.

For acquaintance to the people, its traditions and mentality, first, it is necessary to know its language. Through comparisons of linguistic designs of the native and learned language it is possible to draw parallels, to reveal specifics of thinking and to make overall picture of the world of the people talked in this language to learn its identity. The first assistant, in this case, certainly, are translation dictionaries. In article questions of the emergence of bilingual dictionaries of the Turkic people, their structure, social and cultural functions as translation dictionaries is the major practical grant when studying other language are considered. The aim of this paper is to throw light upon the structure of bilingual dictionaries of Turkic peoples (including Tatar dictionaries) and their first publishing. Due to the changes of peoples’ view to the life and their attitudes towards these changes dictionaries reflect the changes of an active vocabulary of languages. In work development of the Tatar bilingual dictionaries (especially Tatar-Russian and Russian-Tatar lexicographic sources), as one of representatives of the Turkic world is in detail investigated; the structure, methods and methods of drawing up dictionaries are reflected, the analysis is given to dictionary entries, reflecting identity and mentality of the Turkic people. The presented material is the first experience of illumination of mental qualities of the Turkic people, including the Tatar people recorded in the form of lexemes in bilingual dictionaries. They give an objective assessment of mastering of the user of sociocultural competence, reflected in lexicographic sources. Results of this research assist active use of bilingual dictionaries in studying of Turkic languages for the purpose of diagnostics of levels of proficiency as language, and identification by information on the identity of the Turkic people. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n6s2p87