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Copyright of Respiratory Case Reports is the property of LookUs Scientific and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: This study examined the effects of monocyte/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio (MHR) and other inflammatory markers in patients with sarcoidosis not receiving treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first study on the relationship between sarcoidosis and MHR. Material and Methods: This study included 53 patients with sarcoidosis who were followed at a single, outpatient tertiary-care centre. Data on patient demographics (age and gender), disease characteristics (duration of disease, radiographic stage, treatments); pulmonary function tests (% predicted values for forced vital capacity [FVC], forced expiratory volume at 1 second [FEV1 ], diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide [DLCO], alveolar volume [VA], forced expiratory flow [25–75% and at 50%; FEF] [FEF25-75]), blood biochemistry and hemogram findings were retrieved from hospital records. Results: Mean ± SD patient age was 51.13 ±1 1.94 years. Of the 53 patients, 42 were female and 11 were male. When compared with MHR ratio and pulmonary function test parameters, there was a negative correlation with FEV1 % (P = 0.043, r = −0.279) and DLCO% (P = 0.009, r = –0.360). There was no significant correlation between FVC, FEV25-75 or VA. No significant correlation was found between blood calcium, urinary calcium, SACE (serum angiotensin converting enzyme) values and MHO ratio. Conclusions: Large-scale prospective studies are needed to determine if the use of MHR as an indicator of inflammation and activation would be helpful in the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with sarcoidosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between bacteriological case definitions and indoor and outdoor air quality parameters in tuberculosis (TB). Materials and Methods: A total of 200 patients with TB diagnosed and treated in our hospital during 2012-2018 were included to this study. The air monitoring measurement parameters of the National Air Quality Network [particulate matter 10 (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), air temperature, air pressure, and relative humidity] for the same time period were obtained from the web page http://laboratory.cevre.gov.tr/Default. ltr.aspx. Results: Of the 200 patients, 62.5% (125) were males and 37.5% (75) were females. The rate of diagnosis based on culture and smear positivity was 48.4% (31), which was significantly higher than that in the clinic [10.9% (7)] among patients who used stove for warming. The rate of diagnosis based on culture and smear positivity [52.1% (25)] was significantly higher than that in the clinic [8.3% (4)] among patients who were exposed to biomass. The univariate analysis revealed no significant independent effect of warming and biomass use on case definition. According to the case definitions, the mean values of PM10, SO2, and temperature in the diagnosed month showed no statistically significant difference. The humidity level in the month was significantly higher, during which cases diagnosed using smear and culture positivity were compared with cases diagnosed using only culture positivity (p=0.023). Conclusion: This study indicates that biomass used as a cooking fuel is a risk factor for pulmonary TB, implying that TB occurrence can be reduced significantly by lowering or preventing the exposure to cooking smoke emitted from biomass fuel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is not fully reversible disease that is characterized by progressive restricting airflow. Non‐invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) treatment can be used in COPD patients who had type 2 respiratory failure. This study aimed to determine the effect of BPAP S/T and AVAPS modes on intraocular pressure (IOP), central corneal thickness (CCT) in 40 type 2 respiratory failure patients with COPD. Methods: Forty patients with type 2 respiratory failure who were hospitalized between June and December 2018 with the diagnosis of COPD exacerbations were included to the study. Patients followed up without NIMV for 12 hours after the end of exacerbations treatments end. After IOP, visual acuity and CCT were measured in all patients at the same time (11.00 am), same NIMV treatment was applied to the patients for 4 hours (AVAPS‐BPAP S/T). Then the measurements were repeated. The effects of these NIMV modes on IOP were evaluated. Results: After NIMV treatment, it was observed that the mean IOP increased statistically significantly (13.3 vs 12.3 mm Hg; P = 0.001). After treatment with NIMV, there was a decrease for CCT close to statistical significance (P = 0.057) Conclusion: As a result; increased IOP and thinning of CCT after NIMV treatment has been shown. The type of NIMV and the level of inspiratory pressure needed in hypercapnic respiratory failure seem to affect IOP and it should be cautiously used to increase IOP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]