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We aim to collect the evidence of efficacy of Gentle Guman Touch (GHT) and Yakson Touch in preterm neonates as pain relief, heart rate, oxygen saturation, and urine cortisol level. We made our search through PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane by the mid of March 2023. Randomized control trials (RCTs) were included, and the Cochrane risk of bias tool was utilized to assess their quality. Using Review Manager software, a meta-analysis was conducted. We computed the mean difference (MD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) for the continuous data. During the examination, the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) was significantly reduced in the touch group compared to the control group (MD = -3.40, 95% CI [-4.15 to -2.64], P-value= 0.00001). After the examination, the NIPS score was also reduced by both Yakson touch and GHT compared to the control (MD = -2.14, 95% CI [-3.42 to -0.85], P-value <0.00001). Yakson touch and GHT are non-pharmacological, easy, and safe methods that can be used for painful interventions to reduce the pain experience of preterm infants from variable interventions. Both methods improved infant sleep and behavior. Preterm infants' heart rates and oxygen saturation were unaffected by Yakson touch or GHT.

Induction of labor (IOL) is the stimulation of the uterus during pregnancy to begin the onset of labour. Nearly two of five pregnancies require IOL. We compared the effectiveness of double-balloon catheter (DBC) with dinoprostone (PGE-2) insert for labour induction from previous studies. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the safety and efficacy of DBC to PGE-2. To evaluate the studies, we utilized the Cochrane tool for risk of bias assessment. The rates of vaginal birth and cesarean section were the primary outcomes. We included ten RCTs in this meta-analysis with a total sample of 2493 singleton pregnancies. After 24 hours, there was no significant difference in the delivery rates between DBC and PGE-2 s [R.R=1.08, 95% CI, (0.77, 1.52), P.value=0.65], and the rate of cesarean delivery [R.R=1.03, 95% CI, (0.90; 1.18), P.value=0.65]. The DBC showed a significantly higher oxytocin use rate compared to the PGE-2 group [R.R=1.77, 95% CI, (1.41; 2.32), P.value<0.0001]. In the PGE-2 group, there was a significantly higher risk of uterine hyperstimulation, tachysystole, and umbilical artery PH levels below 7. There was no significant difference in the efficacy between the PGE-2 and DBC in terms of delivery rate in 24 hours and the rate of cesarean delivery except for a slight BISHOP score improvement with DBC. However, DBC showed a higher rate of oxytocin use compared to the PGE-2, the DBC seems to be safer with a lower risk of umbilical artery PH < 7, uterine hyperstimulation, and tachysystole incidence than PGE-2.