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Diabetes mellitus "simply diabetes" is a serious case in which blood glucose levels rise because bodies of patients are unable to produce any or enough insulin, or because they are unable to use the insulin produced efficiently. It is the most prevalent type of diabetes, affecting nearly 90% of all diabetes worldwide. In patient of type 2 diabetes (T2D), his muscle, fat and liver cells can respond inappropriately to insulin, which means they can't efficiently take up glucose from blood or store it. This is known as insulin resistance. To compensate, the pancreas initially produces extra insulin. Over time, the pancreas is unable to keep up and produces insufficient insulin to maintain normal blood glucose levels. In this study, we investigate whether the two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the transcription factor 7-like 2 gene (TCF7L2) and KCNQ1 gene are associated with risk of developing T2D in Egyptian populations. PCR-RFLP analysis was carried out for KCNQ1 (rs2237892 and rs2237895) and TCF7L2 (rs7903146) genes for 66 T2D patients and 34 control healthy. In KCNQ1 (rs2237892) and TCF7L2 (rs7903146) for diabetic patients has a relatively high risk for diabetes, however, KCNQ1 (rs2237895) showed no statistical significant differences between the diabetic patients and the healthy group. In conclusion the TCF7L2 (rs7903146) and KCNQ1 (rs2237892) are the most unambiguous genetic factors influencing type 2 diabetes in Egypt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Because of the rapidly emerging SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and its wide public health challenges, rapid diagnosis is essential to decrease the spread. Antigen-based rapid detection tests are available; however, insufficient data about their performance are available. Methods The lateral-flow immunochromatographic BIOCREDIT COVID-19 antigen test was evaluated using nasopharyngeal swabs in a viral transport medium from patients with confirmed infection, contacts, and exposed healthcare professionals at Fayoum University Hospital in Egypt. Test performance was determined in comparison to the SARS-CoV-2 real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test. Results Three hundred ten specimens from 3 categories—patients with confirmed diagnoses of COVID-19, contacts, and exposed healthcare professionals—were included; 188 specimens were RT-PCR-positive, from which 81 were detected by rapid antigen test. Overall sensitivity was 43.1%. Sensitivity was significantly higher in specimens with high viral loads. Conclusion Poor sensitivity of the BIOCREDIT COVID-19 test does not permit its use for diagnosis, and it can only be used in conjunction with RT-PCR for screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]