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Abstract Background To date, there is a lack of studies conducted on males with secondary azoospermia as a potential cause of male infertility who had previously fathered children through natural conception. The current study aims to investigate the potential causes of secondary azoospermia as a presentation of male infertility as well as the prognostic factors that can impact sperm retrieval rate (SRR) while undergoing microdissection testicular sperm extraction (microTESE). Results Thirty two patients were recruited from the andrology outpatient clinic from August 2023 till January 2024. The mean age of the patients was sixty-two years old. All patients had varicoceles. Twenty seven patients (84%) had palpable varicocele grade 2 and 3 on both sides. Further multivariate logistic regression analysis of the significant factors in the univariate regression revealed that younger age (OR 0.7, 95% C.I. 0.7-1.0, p = 0.03) and having a history of coronary artery disease (CAD) were predictable factors for negative TESE outcome (OR 123.1, 95% C.I. 3.2-4748.5, P = 0.01). Conclusion It appears that the etiopathogenesis of secondary azoospermia are multifactorial. Varicocele and CAD are major factors to be considered. Future studies should be implemented deploying larger pools of patients suffering from the same condition to affirm the findings of this primary study.

Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) is a promising severe plastic deformation technique that has gained significant attention for its ability to refine grain structure and enhance mechanical properties in metallic materials. This study focuses on investigating the impact of ECAP with route A and up to three passes on the mechanical properties and microstructure of 1050 aluminum. The study yielded compelling evidence of substantial enhancements in yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and hardness. Specifically, these properties increased from 58.19 MPa, 67.06 MPa, and 23.85 HV in the annealed state to 133.02 MPa,141.21 MPa, and 38.96 HV after the third pass of the ECAP process, respectively. Furthermore, an interesting observation was made regarding the hardness ratio, which demonstrated a noticeable decrease with an increasing number of ECAP passes. This phenomenon correlated with a reduction in the size of dimples on the fracture surface. Microstructural analysis via scanning electron microscopy SEM confirms a significant reduction in grain size after ECAP passes, indicating the effectiveness of the process in inducing microstructural refinement. These findings collectively underscore the potential of ECAP with route A in enhancing the mechanical properties and microstructure of 1050 aluminum. This research contributes valuable insights into the application of ECAP with route A as a viable strategy for improving the performance of aluminum alloys.

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a severe heart disease requiring immediate and accurate detection for effective treatment. Deep learning (DL) algorithms have recently shown promise in enhancing MI diagnostic accuracy from electrocardiography (ECG) and echocardiogram (ECHO). This review presents a comprehensive literature overview focusing on recent innovative research on DL algorithms in ECG and ECHO analysis for MI identification. We examined relevant studies employing DL models, analyzing datasets, model architectures, preprocessing approaches, and performance measures. The findings reveal that DL-based algorithms substantially improve MI detection in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and overall diagnostic performance. This is crucial for quicker, more reliable diagnoses and reducing the risk of complications. DL-based ECG and ECHO analyses emerge as pivotal tools for early and efficient MI identification. This review contributes to understanding the latest DL advancements in ECG and ECHO analysis for MI diagnosis, offering important directions for future research.

The potentiometric assay for determining the antioxidant activity of ascorbic acid has been developed and validated according to the following parameters: specificity, linearity, accuracy, repeatability, intermediate precision. The linearity was in the concentration range of 0.002 – 0.02 mol L–1 (r2 = 0.9993). The percentage of recovery was found to be in the range from 95.38 to 105.00 %. The values of %RSD for repeatability and intermediate precision were 1.86 and 1.95 %, respectively. The method is accurate and reliable, with the relative standard deviation of less than 2 %. It has been proven that the method developed is express, rapid, highly sensitive, accurate and sufficiently reliable.

Background: 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is a widely used, highly effective chemotherapeutic agent. However, its therapeutic efficacy is often limited by associated adverse effects, with hepatotoxicity being frequently reported with 5-FU therapy. Thymol is a monoterpene found in thyme (Thymus vulgaris L., Lamiaceae) and is known for its antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anticancer activities. This study aimed to explore the hepatoprotective activity of thymol against 5-FU-induced liver injury. Methods: Rats received two intraperitoneal doses of 5-FU (150 mg/kg) either alone or in combination with thymol at doses of 60 mg/kg or 120 mg/kg. Liver enzymes, oxidative stress, and apoptotic markers, in addition to histopathological changes, were assessed. Results: 5-FU induced marked liver injuries as evidenced by elevated liver enzymes and histopathological changes, in addition to abnormalities of oxidative and apoptotic markers. The administration of thymol ameliorated the 5-FU-induced oxidative damage through increasing hepatic antioxidants and lowering lipid peroxidation. Apoptotic response markers such as Bax, Bcl-2, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and PARP were also improved. Furthermore, Western blotting analysis showed that thymol modulated the 5-FU-induced changes in the expression of Akt/GSK-3β and p44/42 MAPK (ERK1/2) signaling pathways. Conclusions: Our research is the first to shed light on thymol’s potential protective effect against 5-FU- induced hepatotoxicity by inhibiting oxidative and apoptotic pathways and modulating the Akt/ GSK-3β as well as p44/42 MAPK (ERK1/2) signaling pathways.

Traditional cooking techniques prevalent contribute to deforestation, indoor air pollution, and associated health issues. This study explores the transformative potential limitations for improved biomass cookstoves (ICS) uptake among the rural households in Kilimanjaro. ICS offer a faster, more efficient cooking process, reducing cooking time, minimizing heat loss, preserving nutrients, fostering healthier eating habits, and enhancing the flavor of meals. Data were gathered from 300 families in two districts through a crosssectional study, employing both quantitative and qualitative analysis, a binary regression analysis model was used to analyze data collected. The findings indicate that firewood is the major cooking fuel source in the region, where preferred by 83.0% of all respondents and 91.70% of population utilize traditional cookstoves while only 13.0% utilize ICS. The results show that income, education level, occupation and awareness of the household head have greater effect on the uptake of ICS, result indicates that the probability of utilize ICS would increase by 63.173 for every unit increase in monthly household income. Furthermore, households with higher education are more likely to utilize ICS technology by 4.579 times higher compared to those with lower education level. Therefore, the study suggests initiating on public campaign to raise the public awareness and encourage the uptake and utilization of improved cookstoves in rural households. The study's insights can guide policymakers, businesses, and stakeholders in promoting realistic cooking solutions, addressing and overcoming financial barriers of energy challenges, and tackling environmental issues in rapidly growth population in Tanzania.

Aim. To determine the optimal extraction frequency of green tea leaves with 60 % ethanol by the antioxidant method. Materials and methods. Chun Myn green tea leaves were the object of the study, the raw material was collected in Anhui province (China) from March to April. Dry green tea leaves were standardized according to the European Pharmacopeia 9.0. Spectrophotometry was used to quantify biologically active substances. The antioxidant activity was determined by the potentiometric method. Potentiometric measurements were performed on a HANNA 2550 pH meter (Germany) with a combined platinum EZDO 50 PO electrode (Taiwan). A UV-1000 spectrophotometer (China) was used to measure the optical density. Results and discussion. The total content of phenolic compounds was 9.60 ± 0.17, 1.30 ± 0.03 and 0.12 ± 0.002 %, catechins – 9.20 ± 0.18, 1.20 ± 0.02 and 0.07 ± 0.002 %, flavonoids – 0.27 ± 0.005, 0.04 ± 0.001, 0.005 ± 0.001, hydroxycinnamic acids – 0.49 ± 0.01, 0.07 ± 0.002 and 0.007 ± 0.001 %, dry residue – 10.75 ± 0.11, 1.59 ± 0.02 and 0.15 ± 0.002 %, the antioxidant activity was 474.08 ± 9.48, 67.70 ± 1.35 and 7.01 ± 0.14 mmol-equiv mdry res(-1) for the first, second and third extraction, respectively. According to the results obtained, the optimal number of extractions of the raw material with 60 % ethanol was found to be two. Conclusions. The dynamic of extractions of biologically active substances of green tea leaves has been studied by triple extraction of the raw material to find the optimal extraction frequency; for the first time, a method for determining the extraction frequency based on the antioxidant activity of the extracts has been developed and proposed. It has been found that the optimal extraction rate is 2 times. The results obtained will be used in the further production of herbal medicines, dietary supplements, and cosmetic products with a green tea extract.

Asmaa M El-Kady,1 Heba A Osman,2 Mohamed Farouk Alemam,3 Dina Marghani,4 Mohammed A Shanawaz,5 Majed H Wakid,6,7 Wafa Abdullah I Al-Megrin,8 Hatem A Elshabrawy,9 Osama H Abdella,1 Khaled S Allemailem,10 Ahmad Almatroudi,10 Mostafa I EL-Amir11 1Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt; 2Department of Gastroenterology and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt; 3Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt; 4Clinical Laboratory Science Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Taibah University, Medina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 5Department of Public Health, Applied Medical Sciences College, Albaha University, Albaha, Saudi Arabia; 6Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; 7Special Infectious Agent Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 8Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia; 9Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Sam Houston State University, Conroe, TX, 77304, USA; 10Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia; 11Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, EgyptCorrespondence: Asmaa M El-Kady; Hatem A Elshabrawy, Email asmaa.elkady@med.svu.edu.eg; hatem.elshabrawy@shsu.eduIntroduction: In recent decades, the rate of infection with dengue virus (DENV) has risen significantly, now affecting nearly 400 million individuals annually. Dengue fever among humans is caused via specific mosquito vectors bites. Sporadic cases have been reported in Egypt. The goal of this study was to identify the serotype of the DENV outbreak in both human and mosquito vector along the coast of the Red Sea, Upper Egypt, in 2017. Identification of the serotype of the virus may help identify its source and assist in applying epidemiological and control measures.Materials and Methods: The current study was carried out in El Quseir City, Red Sea Governorate, Upper Egypt, on 144 patients complaining of symptoms indicative of dengue fever at the time of the 2017 Egypt outbreak. Human blood samples and the mosquito reservoirs were identified as having dengue virus infection serologically and molecularly.Results: Overall, 97 (67.4%) patients were positive for dengue virus IgM antibodies. Molecular examination of the human samples and pools of mosquitoes revealed that DENV-2 virus was the serotype responsible for the outbreak. Only one pool of female mosquitoes containing Aedes aegypti was infected with dengue fever virus (DENV-2).Conclusion: This was the first serotyping of the DENV responsible for dengue virus outbreak in Egypt in 2017. Determining the serotype of dengue virus can help to avoid and monitor outbreaks. The serotype identified in this study was DENV-2, while DENV-1 was the serotype found in the previous outbreak in 2015 in the province of Assiut. This study thus raises concerns that a new dengue serotype could have been introduced into Egypt. It is necessary for a comprehensive risk assessment to be carried out in the country, including an entomological survey, to assess the presence and potential geographical expansion of mosquito vectors there.Keywords: dengue fever, Upper Egypt, serotyping, human, mosquito, multiplex PCR

Objectives To assess practice in the care of adults with suspected community-acquired bacterial meningitis in the UK and Ireland.Design Retrospective cohort study.Setting 64 UK and Irish hospitals.Participants 1471 adults with community-acquired meningitis of any aetiology in 2017.Results None of the audit standards, from the 2016 UK Joint Specialists Societies guideline on diagnosis and management of meningitis, were met in all cases. With respect to 20 of 30 assessed standards, clinical management provided for patients was in line with recommendations in less than 50% of cases. 45% of patients had blood cultures taken within an hour of admission, 0.5% had a lumbar puncture within 1 hour, 26% within 8 hours. 28% had bacterial molecular diagnostic tests on cerebrospinal fluid. Median time to first dose of antibiotics was 3.2 hours (IQR 1.3–9.2). 80% received empirical parenteral cephalosporins. 55% ≥60 years and 31% of immunocompromised patients received anti-Listeria antibiotics. 21% received steroids. Of the 1471 patients, 20% had confirmed bacterial meningitis. Among those with bacterial meningitis, pneumococcal aetiology, admission to intensive care and initial Glasgow Coma Scale Score less than 14 were associated with in-hospital mortality (adjusted OR (aOR) 2.08, 95% CI 0.96 to 4.48; aOR 4.28, 95% CI 1.81 to 10.1; aOR 2.90, 95% CI 1.26 to 6.71, respectively). Dexamethasone therapy was weakly associated with a reduction in mortality in both those with proven bacterial meningitis (aOR 0.57, 95% CI 0.28 to 1.17) and with pneumococcal meningitis (aOR 0.47, 95% CI 0.20 to 1.10).Conclusion This study demonstrates that clinical care for patients with meningitis in the UK is not in line with current evidence-based national guidelines. Diagnostics and therapeutics should be targeted for quality improvement strategies. Work should be done to improve the impact of guidelines, understand why they are not followed and, once published, ensure they translate into changed practice.

Objective. The aim of the present work was to raise awareness of Brucella infection and emphasize the use of serological tests for screening and confirmation of the presence of the infection in different localities in the Dhofar region in the Sultanate of Oman. Methods. A seroprevalence of Brucella infection in naturally infected livestock was undertaken in 50 farms (a total of 434 sera, 207 goats, 84 sheep, 54 cattle, and 89 camels) from different wilayat of the Dhofar region in the southern part of Oman. Rose Bengal (RBT), complement fixation (CFT), and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) tests were used to determine the presence of Brucella antibodies. Statistical analysis (Pearson chi-square, binary logistic regression, and univariate logistic regression) was used to investigate the significance between the prevalence and the categorical risk factors individually, with two or more levels (animal species, animal condition, and or location). Results. Our results show that the overall seroprevalence based on CFT, RBT, and I-ELISA was 3% (13/424, CI: 1.8–5.1%), 4.8% (21/434, CI: 3.1–7.3%), and 8% (35/434, CI: 5.8–10.9%), respectively. The highest seroprevalence was reported in goats (13% (27/207)) and animals from East Jabal (13% (21/161)), whereas the lowest was recorded in camels (3.4% (3/89)) and animals from deserts (1.4% (1/69)). Parameters such as the positive predictive value (PPV) and the negative predictive value (NPV) showed that the sensitivity of I-ELISA and CFT based on the RBT test was 61.9% and 57.1%, respectively, whereas the specificity of I-ELISA (94.6%) was less than that of CFT (97.33%). Conclusion. We concluded that three tests are confirmatory for the presence of Brucella infection.

Background. Patients with hypertension need to be aware of various aspects of hypertension and exercise self-care. But, there is limited information regarding this issue. Objective of the Study. This study was designed to assess knowledge on hypertension and self-care practice among adult hypertensive patients in the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. Materials and Methods. Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 384 hypertensive patients from April to May 2019. The study participants were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Data were collected using a pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics such as percentage and frequency of patients’ knowledge on hypertension and their self-care practice were computed. Cross-tabulation was used to see the frequency and percentage of selected sociodemographic variables and knowledge level with self-care practice subscales. Finally, the results were summarized and presented in texts, figures, and tables. Results. Among the study participants, 215 (56%) and 228 (59.4%) had good knowledge and self-care practice towards hypertension, respectively. The participants who had good knowledge had good self-care practice frequency. Conclusions. In this study, knowledge on hypertension was low, while self-care practice was moderate on the self-care interventions. Hence, increasing patients’ awareness and intervention on medication adherence, low salt diet consumption, physical activity, weight management, cigarette smoking cessation, and alcohol consumption reduction is important.

Explicit formulas for the magnetic field and divergence of multisolenoid Aharonov-Bohm potential are obtained; the mathematical essence of this potential is explained. It is shown that the magnetic field and divergence of this potential are very singular generalized functions concentrated at a finite number of thin solenoids. Deficiency index is found for the minimal operator generated by the Aharonov-Bohm differential expression.

MSMEs have an important role in a nation's economy because of their contribution to national sales and employment. Moreover, the structure of business entities in Indonesia is still dominated by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are compelled to compete on the global market due to the numerous blows from global competition and the prospect of recession. To increase the competitiveness of domestic MSMEs so that they can excel on the international stage, strategic and effective methods are required, such as implementing the marketing mix. Community service through a marketing mix strategy aims to increase MSMEs in Gresik Regency's comprehension of how to implement marketing mix strategies in order to prepare themselves for entry into the global market, which will result in increased sales. The method is implemented in three stages from March to October 2023: the preparation stage, the implementation stage, and the evaluation stage. The preparatory phase commences with routine coordination with partners and condition analysis. The implementation phase is subsequently executed via training, mentoring, question-and-answer sessions, and case discussions. In the evaluation phase, a pre-test, post-test, question-and-answer session, and questionnaire are utilized. Target partners are actively involved at all stages, so that the output targets can be achieved well. The implementation has resulted in an increase in MSMEs' knowledge of the marketing mix, which includes product, place, promotion, and price, as well as an increase in MSMEs' sales due to their increased global marketing reach. This community service also contribute to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth) and 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure).

Writing is a vital ability for students to develop their communication skills. Nevertheless, some students believe that writing skills are challenging. Therefore, Google Jamboard can facilitate the learning of the writing process, as it provides opportunities for collaboratively enhancing learning experiences. The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of Google Jamboard in enhancing students’ ability to compose personal recount texts. There was no control or comparison in the pre-experimental design. A private vocational high school in Surabaya served as the location. There were 34 pupils in the tenth grade from a Surabaya private vocational high school involved. The instruments were a pre-test and post-test along with a writing rubric. The data were obtained by administering a writing test before and after the implementation of Google Jamboard. Using SPSS version 22, a paired sample T-test was utilized to analyze the data. The results demonstrate a significant gain in the mean score between the pre-test and post-test, with an increase of 19.97 points. Additionally, the two-tailed significance value (Sig) is below 0.05, specifically 0.000. This statement implies that the alternative hypothesis (Ha) has been approved. To sum up, Google Jamboard can enhance students’ personal recount writing skills. It is recommended that other researchers utilize Google Jamboard to teach additional English skills.

The role of the Commitment Making Officer (PPK) is very important to ensure procurement objectives are achieved by reviewing the results of the selection of government procurement of goods and services so that the entire procurement process is carried out transparently, fairly and in accordance with applicable regulations. This research aims to analyze whether the process of reviewing election results in procurement process No. 15117081 carried out by PPK Southeast Sulawesi has complied with the principles of transparency, accountability and fairness in selecting tender winners based on LKPP Regulation No. 12 of 2021. The research method used is a legal research method with a statutory approach and case study. The results of the research show that the implementation of the review by the PPK in the aquo case is not in accordance with the provisions of LKPP regulation No.12 of 2021. The review should be carried out by the PKK only based on the Minutes of Election Results (BAHP) documents received, not providing field evidence or clarification to participants or other parties. The implication of these findings is that there is a potential violation of the principles of government procurement of goods and services which must be carried out transparently, fairly and in accordance with regulations.

Background Abrupt implementation of lockdowns during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affected the management of diabetes mellitus in patients worldwide. Limited access to health facilities and lifestyle changes potentially affected metabolic parameters in patients at risk. We conducted a meta-analysis to determine any differences in the control of metabolic parameters in patients with diabetes, before and during lockdown. Methods We performed searches of five databases. Meta-analyses were carried out using random- or fixed-effect approaches to glycaemic control parameters as the primary outcome: glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), random blood glucose (RBG), fasting blood glucose (FBG), time-in-range (TIR), time-above-range (TAR), time-below-range (TBR). Mean difference (MD), confidence interval (CI), and P value were calculated. Lipid profile was a secondary outcome and is presented as a descriptive analysis. Results Twenty-one studies enrolling a total of 3,992 patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM or T2DM) were included in the study. Patients with T1DM showed a significant improvement of TIR and TAR (MD=3.52% [95% CI, 0.29 to 6.74], I2=76%, P=0.03; MD=−3.36% [95% CI, −6.48 to −0.25], I2=75%, P=0.03), while FBG among patients with T2DM significantly worsened (MD=3.47 mg/dL [95% CI, 1.22 to 5.73], I2=0%, P

As one of the hazardous and toxic solid wastes, spent catalysts need to be treated before the waste is discharged into the environment. One of the substances that need to be removed from the spent catalysts is the heavy metal ions and/or compounds contained therein. The method that can be applied is the extraction method using an acid solvent. In this study, the extraction process was carried out on spent catalysts samples from PT. Petrokimia Gresik. The focus of the study is on nickel extraction by varying the temperature in the range of 30–85 oC. A 1 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution was used as a solvent while the extraction process was 120 minutes. The experimental results show that the maximum nickel recovery of 14.70% can be achieved at a temperature of 85 oC. Kinetic studies were carried out using two kinetic models. The results of both models evaluation on the research data show that the lump model gives better results than the shrinking core model. The average error percentage of the lump model is smaller than the shrinking core model. It indicates that the extraction process was controlled by the diffusion step through the ash layer in the solid and chemical reactions simultaneously.

Sales Channel atau saluran penjualan merupakan salah satu hal yang harus diperhatikan oleh perusahaan. Sales channel yang beragam memungkin perusahaan untuk memperbesar keuntungan mereka, sales channel online misalnya dengan sales channel ini perusahaan dapat memperluas lokasi pemasaran keseluruh negara-negara di dunia. Perusahaan yang memiliki sales channel yang banyak dan memproduksi barang yang biasa digunakan sehari-hari, memiliki data pelanggan yang sangat besar diberbagai belahan dunia. Prediksi jumlah penjualan produk di masing-masing negara berdasarkan sales channel yang digunkan perusahaan merupakan Business Intelligence (BI) yang sangat penting untuk melihat negara mana yang berpotensi memberikan pelanggan yang besar untuk penjualan produk perusahaan. Dari penelitian dengan menggunakan metode OLAP (Online Analytical Processing) dan aplikasi Zoho Reporting, dapat membantu pihak pengambil keputusan dalam menemukan pelanggan dari negara mana yang nantinya berpotensi memberikan keuntungan besar bagi perusahaan. Kata kunci— business intelligence, online analytical processing, sales channel, prediksi.

The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at FAIR will play a unique role in the exploration of the QCD phase diagram in the region of high net-baryon densities, because it is designed to run at unprecedented interaction rates. High-rate operation is the key prerequisite for high-precision measurements of multi-differential observables and of rare diagnostic probes which are sensitive to the dense phase of the nuclear fireball. The goal of the CBM experiment at SIS100 (√sNN = 2-4.9 GeV) is to discover fundamental properties of QCD matter, namely, the equation-of-state at high density as it is expected to occur in the core of neutron stars, effects of chiral symmetry, and the phase structure at large baryon-chemical potentials (μB ≥ 500 MeV). We are focusing here on the contribution of JINR to the CBM experiment: design of the superconducting dipole magnet; manufacture of the straw and micro-strip silicon detectors, participation in the data taking and analysis algorithms and physics program.

Background: The gold standard for diagnosis of diabetes gastroparesis (DG) is with gastric emptying scintigraphy (GES) examination. However, GES is not available in every healthcare center worldwide and the examination cost is rather expensive, unlike ultrasonography (USG) examination. This study aims to evaluate gastric changes monitored with USG in diabetes mellitus (DM) and DG. Methods: We performed searches from Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Proquest, and Scopus in April 30 – May 6, 2022. Random-effect approach on outcomes, standardized mean-difference (SMD) and 95%-confidence interval (CI) was assessed. Results: Compared to healthy control; (1) Antral cross-sectional area (CSA) in DM is bigger in fasting (SMD=1.25cm 2; 95%CI, 0.79 to 1.71, I2=81%, P Conclusions: Patients with DM and DG have wider antral CSA, longer GET and GE50, reduced GER and reducing antral contraction. USG is useful for assessing gastric emptying in DM and DG. PROSPERO registration: CRD42022328695 (10/05/2022)