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Summary [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nutritional and health-promoting properties of plants are largely determined by their tissue chemistry. Tuning growth conditions could affect the accumulation of phytochemicals and, therefore, enhance the biological activities. Herein, the impact of elevated CO2 (eCO2; 620 µmol CO2 mol−1 air) on growth and chemical composition of sprouts of three Lepidium sativum cultivars (Haraz, Khider and Rajab) was investigated. Changes in the sprout actions against some human chronic diseases were evaluated. eCO2 induced biomass accumulation (1.46-, 1.47- and 2-fold in Haraz, Khider and Rajab, respectively) and pigment accumulation and reduced the level of antinutrients in L. sativum cultivars. Compared to the control, eCO2 induced total glucosinolate accumulation (0.40-, 0.90- and 1.29-fold in Khider, Haraz and Rajab, respectively), possibly through increased amino acid production, and their hydrolysis by myrosinase. In line with increased polyphenol production, improved phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity was observed. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypocholesterolemic, antibacterial and anticancer activities of the produced sprouts were significantly improved by sprouting and eCO2 exposure. PCA indicated that the cultivars showed interspecific responses. Thus, the present study confirms the synergistic effect of sprouting with eCO2 exposure as a promising approach to produce more bioactive L. sativum sprouts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retraction: Alotaibi, M.O., et al. Morpho-Physiological and Proteomic Analyses of Eucalyptus camaldulensis as a Bioremediator in Copper-Polluted Soil in Saudi Arabia. [Extracted from the article]

The elevated level of CO 2 (eCO 2 ) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been known as successful eco-friendly agents for plant growth and development as well as quality enhancers. The current investigation was designed to study the influence of eCO 2 (620 μmol CO 2 mol -1 air) and AMF on sucrose and phenylpropanoid metabolism, including coumarins, the most important bioactive metabolite in Ammi majus. eCO 2 and AMF were applied, and different parameters have been assessed in A. majus such as changes in mycorrhizal colonization, plant biomass production, photosynthesis, and levels of N, P, and Ca besides the key metabolites and enzymes in sucrose and coumarins metabolic pathways. The present outcomes revealed that eCO 2 and AMF individually or combined enhanced the plant biomass and photosynthesis as well as nutrient concentrations. Furthermore, the levels of sucrose, soluble sugars, glucose, fructose, and the activities of some key enzymes in their metabolism besides phenylpropanoids metabolites in shoot and root of A. majus have been enhanced by eCO 2 and AMF especially when combined. Moreover, upregulation of sucrose is linked to phenylpropanoids metabolic pathway via upregulation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity suggesting high coumarin biosynthesis. Generally, the synergistic effect of both treatments was noted for most of the investigated parameters compared to the individual effect. It could be concluded that the combined application of eCO 2 and AMF affects A. majus global metabolism and induces accumulation of phyto-molecules, coumarin, which might improve its medicinal and pharmacological applications., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)