Search

Much of the research on implicit theories has focused on theories of intelligence. The aim of the present study was to examine how implicit theories of emotion were associated with positive and negative indicators of well-being via cognitive reappraisal. College students (n = 355) answered relevant questionnaires. Results indicated that entity theory of emotion (thinking that emotions are uncontrollable) was detrimental to well-being. Entity theory of emotion negatively predicted the use of reappraisal. Entity theory of emotion was positively associated with negative emotions, anxiety, and depression, while at the same time being negatively associated with life satisfaction and positive emotions. The effects of entity theory of emotion were partially mediated by cognitive reappraisal. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Emotions are fundamental to teachers' lives. However, until recently, there is relative lack of attention given to emotions in teacher education. Moreover, teacher emotions are often viewed as a function of external factors, neglecting the role of emotion mindset (i.e., beliefs regarding the malleability of emotions) in affecting teachers' emotions and subsequent outcomes. Hence, this research intends to provide a better understanding of how teachers' emotion mindset and emotions contribute to their engagement. We examined a model of growth emotion mindset predicting engagement via positive and negative emotions. We tested this model among in-service (Study 1) and preservice (Study 2) teachers using structural equation modeling (SEM). Results of the SEM showed that an implicit belief in the malleability of emotions (i.e., growth emotion mindset) predicted higher engagement through increased positive emotions and decreased negative emotions. This pattern held for both in-service and preservice teachers. The findings highlight the importance of emotion mindset and emotions for teachers in both work and learning contexts. Implications for teacher education for both practicing and prospective teachers are discussed.

The multiple-goals perspective assumes that adopting both mastery and performance goals is better for students. But there has been very little evidence for the multiple-goals perspective in Asian students. A cluster analysis was conducted to identify groups of Filipino students who endorse different goal combinations, revealing four groups comprised of those who adopted (a) predominantly performance goals, (b) predominantly mastery goals, (c) multiple goals or (d) low levels of both goals. Comparisons of cognitive and affective learning variables indicated that reported use of deep learning strategies, enjoyment of learning and less anxiety were associated with the multiple goals group. Although the study did not assess actual learning outcomes, the study shows results consistent with the multiple-goals perspective, as it shows enhanced use of cognitive strategies and more positive affective experiences in the learning processes, adding to the scant evidence on multiple-goals perspective among Asian students.

Achievement goals research has focused on the importance of mastery relative to performance goals, but the multiple goals perspective asserts that performance goals also lead to positive outcomes and that learners adopt multiple goals in adaptive ways. However, this multiple-goals perspective has not been extensively studied in Asian students. The study examined the achievement goals, intrinsic motivation, effort, persistence, and achievement of 900 Filipino university students in an algebra class. Cluster analysis revealed 4 groups of students who adopted (a) predominantly performance goals, (b) predominantly mastery goals, (c) multiple goals, and (d) neither goal. Consistent with a multiple goals perspective, the results indicate that endorsement of multiple goals was associated with additive improvements in achievement and motivation.