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Recent integrative investigations of the terrestrial ellobiid genus, Zospeum, have revealed significant findings concerning its Alpine-Dinaric evolution and taxonomy. Due to the expected discrepancy between the useful, but limited, 1970s’ classification system based on shell data and the results of recent genetic analyses in the latest investigation, a revision of the entire radiation was undertaken, and a new classification system was devised by the present authors in an earlier paper. Concurrent to this work, molecular sequences from two Austrian caves were published independently of our revision by another research group. By incorporating these genetic data within our phylogenetic framework here, we show that the Austrian individuals are genetically most similar to Zospeum amoenum and consequently, classify them within that species. We additionally reveal two new genetic lineages from the largely under-sampled southern extension of Zospeum’s known distributional range. The first lineage, deriving from the region of Dubrovnik, Croatia, is a potential candidate for genetically clarifying Zospeum troglobalcanicum. The second lineage derives from the municipality of Tomislavgrad, Bosnia-Herzegovina and is herein, described a new species: Zospeum simplex Inäbnit, Jochum & Neubert, sp. nov.

The present study investigated the first record of invasive mouse-ear snail Myosotella myosotis (Draparnaud, 1801) (Pulmonata: Basommatophora: Ellobiidae) in Shatt al-Arab estuary coast north the District of Al- Faw, Basrah, Iraq. During a period from January to December 2019, one sample was collected monthly from two selected sites in Shatt al-Arab estuary shoreline. Some biological, and ecological notes on this ellobiid gastropod from Iraqi coast in addition to photographs, were provided to confirm the identification of the snail, provided with brief comments on its measured morphological features. Results showed that the mean population density of both the two study sites of M. myosotis ranged from 66 ind./m² during April at site 1 and 0 ind./m² in some other months at site 2.

The land snail Ellobium chinense (L. Pfeiffer, 1855) (Eupulmonata, Ellobiida, Ellobiidae), which inhabits the salt marshes along the coastal areas of northwestern Pacific, is an endangered species on the IUCN Red List. Over recent decades, the population size of E. chinense has consistently decreased due to environmental interference caused by natural disasters and human activities. Here, we provide the first assessment of the genetic diversity and population genetic structures of northwestern Pacific E. chinense. The results analyzed with COI and microsatellites revealed that E. chinense population exhibit metapopulation characteristics, retaining under the influence of the Kuroshio warm currents through expansion of the Late-Middle and Late Pleistocene. We also found four phylogenetic groups, regardless of geographical distributions, which were easily distinguishable by four unidirectional and stepwise adenine-to-guanine transitions in COI (sites 207–282–354–420: A–A–A–A, A–A–G–A, G–A–G–A, and G–G–G–G). Additionally, the four COI hotspots were robustly connected with a high degree of covariance between them. We discuss the role of these covariate guanines which link to form four consecutive G-quadruplexes, and their possible beneficial effects under positive selection pressure.

The mitochondrial genome of the gastropod Auriculastra duplicata was completely sequenced. It was 13,920 bp in length and comprised 37 genes; two rrn genes and 22 trn genes. Phylogenetic analyses based on the concatenated protein-coding genes depicted the polyphyly of all species belonging to the family Ellobiidae; however, monophyly was observed among all species belonging to the subfamily Ellobiinae, in which A. duplicata clustered consistently with Auriculinella bidentata.

Frank, Christa (2020): Auf den Spuren von Lewis und Clark, des "Oregon" und des "California Trails": Ein Reisebericht mit Malakologie "Go West" - Following Lewis und Clark, the "Oregon" and the "California Trail": An itinerary with malacology. Linzer biologische Beiträge 52 (1): 253-308, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5274305, {"references":["ALLEN J.A. (1916): Edibility of Polygyra and Ariolimax. - The Nautilus 29: 143.","ARRUDA J. (2013). Checklist of the Land Snails of Kansas. - The Kansas School Naturalist, Emporia State University (Ed.: J.R. SCHROCK), 15pp.","BAUER F.C. (1914): Northern Idaho Shells. - The Nautilus 27: 104-106.","BEETLE D.E. (1957): The Mollusca of Teton County, Wyoming. - The Nautilus 71(1): 12-22","BEETLE D.E. (1961): Mollusca of the Big Horn Mountains. - The Nautilus 74(3): 95-102.","BEETLE D.E. (1989): Checklist of Recent Mollusca of Wyoming, USA. - Great Basin Naturalist 49(4), Article 23: 637-644; Utah.","BERRY S.S. 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Islamy RA, Hasan V. 2020. Checklist of mangrove snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in South Coast of Pamekasan, Madura Island, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3127-3134. Mangrove forests are crucial to gastropods providing breeding and nursery grounds, food sources, and shelter from predators. They are useful bioindicators of environmental pollution. Consequently, it is crucial to understand the species richness of gastropods mangrove environments. This study aims to provide information about the species composition of mangrove snails in the South Coast of Pamekasan (Madura Island), East Java, Indonesia. Samplings were performed at low tide from 4 stations in December 2019 using a transect (10m x 10m). All samples were identified using reference books and published journal. We found a total of 10 family consist of Assimineidae, Cerithiidae, Ellobiidae, Littorinidae, Muricidae, Neritidae, Olividae, Planaxidae, Potamididae, and Trochidae with consist of 15 Genus, i.e., Assiminea, Clypeomorus, Cerithium, Rhinoclavis, Laemodonta, Littorarina, Tenguella, Semiricinula, Nerita, Clithon, Oliva, Planaxis, Pirenella, Telescopium, and Monodonta. The most common substrate where mangrove snails were found was rocks, sandy, and around the tree and roots of mangrove. All gastropods in this study found alive during our surveys and predominantly mangrove associated. We assume that there are still many snails that have not been surveyed at the location. We suggest to the future researcher to survey through different sampling efforts and sampling methods such as quantitative or semi-quantitative methods.

The ellobiid Ellobium scheepmakeri (Petit de la Saussaye, 1850) is reported from the banks of the Selangor River estuary, 57 years after it was first collected in Peninsular Malaysia. It was found ...

Sabah, situated in one of the world’s biodiversity hotspots, has the largest number of islands in Malaysia with more than 500 of various sizes and degrees of isolation. However, information on the islands’ biodiversity is limited. This study provides an up-to-date checklist of land snail species found on 24 west coast islands in Sabah. A total of 67 species (nearly 20% of the total number of land snail species in the state) representing 37 genera and 19 families is enumerated based on systematic field surveys of 133 sampling plots, BORNEENSIS database records and species checklists published between 2000 and 2016. The number of species on the islands ranges from four to 29. Labuan Island has the highest number of species (29), followed by Tiga Island (25), Mantanani Besar Island (24) and Gaya Island (23). However, the populations of some land snail species may have declined as several previously recorded species on the islands were not found in a recent systematic field sampling. This checklist is provided as a baseline inventory for future island land snail studies and to better inform biodiversity conservation plans of marine parks and other islands on the Sabah west coast.

We have compiled a complete list of new marine molluscan taxa introduced by Tommaso Allery Di Maria, Marquis of Monterosato (1841–1927). The dates of publication of every single work have been checked against available evidence, and an updated bibliography is also presented. Finally, the type material of all marine taxa expected to be in the collection Monterosato (presently preserved in the Museo Civico di Zoologia in Rome) has been searched in the main collection, and all retrieved specimens have been catalogued. A large majority of the material has been found, representative specimens of each taxon have been illustrated, and remarks on nomenclature and taxonomy have been provided yielding 42 new synonymies, 46 nominal taxa rediscovered, and 6 new combinations.

Family ELLOBIIDAE exigua, Leuconia [Auriculinella bidentata (Montagu, 1808)] 1906a: 128 [LIV: 1160]—available name Type material. Not found Type locality. Described from Sfax (Tunisia). Remarks. Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as taxon inquirendum. This form is arguably to refer to Auriculinella bidentata (Montagu, 1808) [new synonymy], a species recorded also from Sfax (Cecalupo et al., 2008: 138; pl. 79, figs 1–5), the Type locality. of Leuconia exigua. We failed to find the type material or other material labeled as “ Leuconia exigua ” in the Monterosato collection., Published as part of Appolloni, Massimo, Smriglio, Carlo, Amati, Bruno, Lugliè, Lorenzo, Nofroni, Italo, Tringali, Lionello P., Mariottini, Paolo & Oliverio, Marco, 2018, Catalogue of the primary types of marine molluscan taxa described by Tommaso Allery Di Maria, Marquis of Monterosato, deposited in the Museo Civico di Zoologia, Roma, pp. 1-138 in Zootaxa 4477 (1) on page 75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4477.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1454652, {"references":["Cecalupo, A., Buzzurro, G. & Mariani, M. (2008) Contributo alla conoscenza della malacofauna del Golfo di Gabes (Tunisia). Quaderni della Civica Stazione Idrobiologica di Milano, 31, 175 pp., 92 pls."]}

Five years ago, the Panamanian evolutionary lineage (EL) C12 was uncovered along with four other ELs in an integrative phylogenetic investigation of worldwide Carychiidae. Since EL C12 lacked shell material post-molecular analysis to serve as a museum voucher, it remained undescribed. Now, after recent collection efforts of C12 and the congener, Carychiumzarzaae Jochum & Weigand, 2017 at their original Panamanian sites, C12 is morphologically described and formally assigned the name, Carychiumpanamaense Jochum, sp. n. In sync with recent taxonomic treatment of the genus, computed tomography (CT) is used in this work to differentiate shells of C.panamaensesp. n. from geographically-proximal, Caribbean, North and Central American congeners. Recent material of topotypic Carychiumjardineanum (Chitty, 1853) and undamaged C.zarzaae were additionally CT-scanned and assessed in the comparative analyses.

Zospeumpercostulatumsp. n. from Cueva de La Herrería (Llanes, Asturias) is described. It is characterized by a relatively large shell (1.4–1.8 mm height), conical, with ovate aperture, continuous peristome and thickened parietal callus; shell costulate except two first whorls; without any sort of inner formations. It is the first clearly costulate Iberian species, filling a morphological gap in the Iberian clade, and the largest species from the Cantabrian region, being the first species described from Asturias.

Three species of Ellobiid molluscs collected from Korea were identified as Auriculastra duplicata (Pfeffer, 1854), Laemodonta siamensis (Morelete, 1875) and Melampus (Pira) flavus (Gmelin, 1791). This is the first record from the Korea, providing a description of the species with illustration for the shell morphology. Including the new recorded in this study, the family Ellobiidae contained six genera and 13 species in the Korea.

Mangrove or Mangal vegetation are typical wetland ecosystems found in coastal deposits of mud and silt throughout the tropics and some distance into the sub-tropical latitude. Species diversity, distribution, seasonal abundance in population and behavioral responses of mangrove associated molluscs (gastropods and bivalves) were investigated in two mangal areas: Sandspit and Korangi, along the Karachi coast of Pakistan. For sampling, a fixed route was followed throughout the study period and the samples were collected and observations were made from HTZ to LTZ. Fourteen species of molluscs (5 Prosobranchia; 6 Pulmonata; 1 Opisthobranchia and 2 Lamellibranchia) belonging to ten families were recorded. Family Ellobiidae, Potamididae, and Onchididae were found extensively distributed in both sites. All the recorded species are belonging to the epifaunal mode of life. Analysis of the data shows that ten of the recorded species are common to both sites, while four are exclusively found at the Korangi site. Seven of the representative species are exclusively mangrove associated; five are common to mangrove and non-mangrove areas, while two are non-mangrove dwellers. The low species diversity can be attributed either to the study techniques, a small number of study sites or possibly to the geographical locations of the study sites. Seasonal variations were noticed in species diversity and density distribution, indicating higher values in summer and autumn and lower in spring and winter.

Frank, Christa (2017): Über spät-mittelholozäne Molluskengemeinschaften einer Bachbett-Verfüllung aus dem Perschlingtal (Tullner Feld, Niederösterreich). Linzer biologische Beiträge 49 (1): 459-561, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5357197, {"references":["GERBER J. (1996): Revision der Gattung Vallonia RISSO 1826 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Valloniidae). - Schr. Malakozool. 8: 1-227.","GLOER P. (2002): Die Susswassergastropoden Nord- und Mitteleuropas. - Die Tierwelt Deutschlands 73, Conch Books, Hackenheim, 327 pp.","HASSLEIN L. (1966): Die Molluskengesellschaften des Bayerischen Waldes und des anliegenden Donautales. - 20. Bericht Naturforsch. Ges. Augsburg 110: 176 pp.","HASSLEIN L. (1977): Die Weichtierwelt von bayr. Schwaben. - 32. Bericht Naturforsch. Ges. Augsburg 164: XI + 154 pp.","HOLZNER W., BOHMER K., BURESCH W., FRANK C., HOLZNER W., KRIECHBAUM M., KUTZENBERGER H., LAZOWSKI W., PAAR M., SCHRAMAYR G. & K. ZUKRIGL, unter Mitarbeit von: FARASIN K., GRABHERR G., HORVATIC E., HUBL E., LICHTENEGGER E., RAUER G., SCHARFETTER E. & M. STEINER (1989): Biotoptypen in Osterreich. Vorarbeiten zu einem Katalog. - Umweltbundesamt, Wien, 233 pp.","HORACEK I. & V. LOZEK (1988): Palaeozoology and the Mid-European Quaternary past: scope of the approach and selected results. - Rozpravy Ceskoslov. Akad. Ved, Rada Mat. a Prirod. Ved 98(4): 102 pp., 4 Taf.","HORNUNG E., MAJOROS G., FEHER Z. & A. VARGA (2003): An overview of the Vertigo species in Hungary: their distribution and habitat preferences (Gastropoda, Pulmonata: Vertiginidae). - Heldia 5 (SH 7): 51-57.","KLEMM W. (1974): Die Verbreitung der rezenten Land-Gehause-Schnecken in Osterreich. - Denkschr. Osterr. Akad. Wiss. 117: 503 pp.","KUIPER J.G.J. (1968): Die spatpleistozanen Pisidien des ehemaligen Ascherslebener Sees. - Arch. Moll. 98(1/2): 23-38.","LOZEK V. (1964): Quartarmollusken der Tschechoslowakei. - Rozpravy ustredniho ustavo geologickeho 31: 374 pp., 32 Taf.","LOZEK V. (1982): Faunengeschichtliche Grundlinien zur spat- und nacheiszeitlichen Entwicklung der Molluskenbestande in Mitteleuropa. - Rozpravy Ceskoslov. Akad. Ved. Rada Mat. a Prirod. Ved 92(4): 106 pp., 8 Taf., Beil.","LOZEK V. (1988): Nacheiszeitliche Molluskenfaunenfolge in der Aue des Tales Tiche udoli bei Prag (CSSR). - Malak. Abh. Staatl. Mus. Tierkde. Dresden 13(12): 109-117.","LOZEK V. (1993): Diversity changes in mid-european molluscan fauna during the postglacial. - Ekologia 12(3): 247-258.","LOZEK V. (1998): Late Bronze Age environmental collapse in the sandstone areas of northern Bohemia. - Mensch und Umwelt in der Bronzezeit Europas, Kiel, 57-60.","LOZEK V. (2005): Holocene malacofauna from Risuty and its significance for the environmental history of the north-west Bohemian forest steppe area. - Severoces. Prir. 36-37: 11-22.","LOZEK V. & V. CILEK (1995): Late Weichselian-Holocene sediments and soils in mid- European calcareous areas. - Sborn. geolog. ved, Anthropozoikum 22: 87-112.","MASUR A. (2008): Die Hausbefunde des zentralen und nordlichen Bereiches der fruhneolithischen Siedlung von Saladorf. - Dipl.arbeit Univ. Wien, 142 pp.","MEIER- BROOK C. (1975): Der okologische Indikatorwert mitteleuropaischer Pisidium -Arten (Mollusca, Eulamellibranchiata). - Eiszeitalter u. Gegenwart 26: 190-195.","MELL C. (1937): Die Molluskenfauna des Kapuzinerberges in Salzburg nebst weiteren Fundortsangaben Salzburger Weichtiere. - Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 86/87: 177-270.","MEYRICK R.A. (2000): Holocene molluscan faunal history and environmental change from a tufa at Direndall, Luxembourg. - Bull. Soc. Prehist. Luxembourgeoise 22: 55-75.","NESEMANN H. & C. HOLLER (1998): Zur Wassermolluskenfauna (Mollusca: Gastropoda, Bivalvia) des burgenlandisch-ungarischen Stremtales (Bezirk Gussing, Komitat Vas). - Nachr.bl. Erste Vorarlb. Malakol. Ges. 6: 15-22.","PETRO E. (1984): Az Anodonta woodiana (LEA, 1834) Kagylo megjelenese Magyarorszagon. - Allatt. Kozl. 71: 189-191.","POKRYSZKO B.M. (1986): The geographic distribution of the Vertiginidae (Gastropoda Pulmonata) in Poland in relation to their distribution in Europe. - Proc. 8th Intern. Malacol. Congr., Budapest 1983: 197-200.","POKRYSZKO B.M. (1987): European Columella Reconsidered (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Vertiginidae). - Malak. Abh. Staatl. Mus. Tierkde. Dresden 12(1): 1-12.","V. PROSCHWITZ T. (1993): Habitat selection and distribution of ten vertiginid species in the province of Dalsland (SW. Sweden) (Gastropoda, Pulmonata: Vertiginidae). - Malak. Abh. Staatl. Mus. Tierkde. Dresden 16(21): 177-212.","V. PROSCHWITZ T. (2004): On the distribution and ecology of Vertigo substriata (JEFFREYS), Vertigo modesta arctica (WALLENBERG), Vertigo lilljeborgi (WESTERLUND) and Vertigo alpestris ALDER in France and on the Iberian Peninsula. - J. Conch. 38(4): 411-420.","RAHLE W. (1995): Altpleistozane Molluskenfaunen aus den Zusamplattenschottern und ihrer Flussmergeldecke vom Uhlenberg und Lauterbrunn (Iller-Lech-Platte, Bayerisch Schwaben). - Geol. Bavarica 99: 103-117.","RAUSCHER I. (1990): Flussbegleitende Walder des niederosterreichischen Alpenvorlandes. - Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Osterreich 127: 185-237.","REISCHUTZ, P.L. (1986): Die Verbreitung der Nacktschnecken Osterreichs (Arionidae, Milacidae, Limacidae, Agriolimacidae, Boettgerillidae) (Suppl. 2 des CFA). - Sitz.ber. Osterr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-naturw. Kl., Abt. I, 195(1-5): 67-190.","REISCHUTZ P.L. (1991): Beitrage zur Molluskenfauna Niederosterreichs, IX. Die Molluskenfauna des Thermenabflusses von Bad Fischau (Niederosterreich). - Mitt. Zool. Ges. Braunau 5(13/16): 251-254.","REISCHUTZ P.L. (1996): Beitrage zur Molluskenfauna Niederosterreichs, XII. Zum rezenten Vorkommen von Chondrula tridens (O.F. MULLER 1774) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Buliminidae) in Ostosterreich. - Nachr.bl. erste Vorarlb. malak. Ges., 4: 24-26.","REISCHUTZ P.L. (1998): Vorschlag fur deutsche Namen der in Osterreich nachgewiesenen Schnecken- und Muschelarten. - Nachr.bl. erste Vorarlb. malak. Ges., 6: 31-44.","REISCHUTZ P.L. (2002a): Die in Osterreich eingeschleppten Molluskenarten - eine Ubersicht. - Collectanea Malacologica, Festschrift fur G. Falkner, Conch Books, Hackenheim, 419- 428.","REISCHUTZ P.L. (2002b): Neobiota in Osterreich. 6.3.4. Weichtiere (Mollusca). - Umweltbundesamt, Wien, 239-250.","REISCHUTZ A. & P.L. REISCHUTZ (2000): Kurzmitteilungen: Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Molluskenfauna Niederosterreichs (17/18) und Wiens. - Nachr.bl. erste Vorarlb. malakol. Ges. 8: 66-68.","REISCHUTZ A. & P.L. REISCHUTZ (2001): Die Kugelmuscheln (Gattung Sphaerium, Mollusca: Bivalvia) des Burgenlandes. - Nachr.bl. erste Vorarlb. malakol. Ges. 9: 3-4.","REISCHUTZ A. & P.L. REISCHUTZ (2007): Rote Liste der Weichtiere (Mollusca) Osterreichs. - In: Rote Listen gefahrdeter Tiere Osterreichs, Grune Reihe 14/2: 363-433, Bohlau Verl., Wien - Koln - Weimar.","REISCHUTZ P.L. & P. SACKL (1991): Zur historischen und aktuellen Verbreitung der Gemeinen Flussmuschel, Unio crassus PHILIPSSON 1788 (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionidae), in Osterreich. - Linzer biol. Beitr., 23/1: 213-232.","RICHNOVSZKY A. & L. PINTER (1979): A vizicsigak es kagylok (Mollusca) kishatarozoja. - Vizugyi Hidrobiol. 6: 206 pp., 78 Abb.","SATTMANN H. & L. RUDOLL (1984): Zum Vorkommen von Potamopyrgus jenkinsi (E.A. SMITH, 1889) (Gastropoda, Prosobrochia) in Osterreich. - Mitt. Zool. Ges. Braunau, 4(10/11): 247-254.","SOMMERER E. (2005): Der geographische Raum vom unteren Traisental bis in das Tullner Becken. - Fundber. Osterr., Materialhefte, Reihe A, SH 2: 16-21.","STOJASPAL F. (1975): Potamopyrgus jenkinsi (E.A. SMITH, 1889) in Osterreich. - Mitt. Dtsch. Malak. Ges., 3: 243.","TROSTL R. (1996): Faunistisch-okologische Untersuchungen der Molluskenfauna verschiedener Mischwaldtypen des Wienerwaldes (Ostosterreich). - Diss. Formal- und Naturwiss. Fak. Univ. Wien, 226 pp. + Anh.","WALTER J. (2005): Archaobotanik. - Fundber. Osterr., Materialhefte, Reihe A, SH 2: 40-45.","WIKTOR A. (1989): Limacoidea et Zonitoidea nuda. Slimaki pomrowioksztaltne (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora). - Fauna Polski / Fauna Poloniae 12: 208 pp.","ZETTLER M.L. & P. GLOER (2006): Zur Okologie und Morphologie der Sphaeriidae der Norddeutschen Tiefebene. - Heldia 6 (SH 8): 61 pp., 18 Taf."]}

18. Carychium minimum O.F. MÜLLER 1774 M 1: Nr. 6680 (1), 6678 (10), 6677 (7), 6647 (5), 6676 (26), 6675 (5), 6673 (8), 6672 (21), 6633 (41) M 2: Nr. 6689 (6), 6688 (11), 6687 (5), 6686 (6), 6648 (18), 6685 (12), 6684 (2), 6683 (5), 6682 (6) M 3: Nr. 6697 (1), 6649 (1) M 4: Nr. 6709 (3), 6708 (1) M 5: Nr. 6651 (1) Gesamt: 202, Published as part of Frank, Christa, 2017, Über spät-mittelholozäne Molluskengemeinschaften einer Bachbett-Verfüllung aus dem Perschlingtal (Tullner Feld, Niederösterreich), pp. 459-561 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 49 (1) on page 469, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5357197

Some suggest that because of scale independence major biodiversity metrics can be estimated at large scales from analysis of a well chosen suite of individual sites. Others have attempted to estimate individual site patterns from analysis of the continental pool. But does such cross-scale extrapolation work? This issue is addressed for the North American terrestrial gastropod fauna by comparison of family representation, species richness and body-size patterns across site to continental scales. These data demonstrate profound differences: while the continental fauna is dominated by large body-size families such as the Polygyridae, Helminthoglyptidae, Oreohelicidae, Succineidae and Urocoptidae, average site faunas are most frequently represented by small body-sized families like the Vertiginidae, Gastrodontidae, Oxychilidae, Euconulidae, Punctidae, Valloniidae, Strobilopsidae and Ellobiidae. Species richness within sites tends to be 2–7 times smaller than random draws of individuals of the same number from regional or continental pools, indicating the potential for strong bias in the construction of site faunas. And, while the body-size spectrum for average site faunas is strongly right-skewed, the continental pool is strongly left-skewed. Thus, although taxa with biovolumes .16 mm 3 dominate the continental fauna (79.4% of total), they make up only a small average fraction (4.1%) of individual site species lists. Within most regions, site faunas are overrepresented in species with biovolumes , 4m m 3 and underrepresented in species with biovolumes .128 mm 3 as compared with the regional pool. As a result, assumptions of self-similarity between observational scales in terrestrial gastropods are inappropriate.

Sandelzhausen is an Early/Middle Miocene (Mammal Neogene zone MN5) fossil site near Mainburg, S Germany, that despite its small size harbors a rich fossil record. Thousands of fossil continental mollusks, almost exclusively pulmonate snails, were recovered during the excavations, but did not receive much attention from researchers. Here, the first part of a formal taxonomic treatment of Sandelzhausen’s fossil pulmonates is presented, dealing with the superfamilies Ellobioidea, Pupilloidea, and Clausilioidea, and including the description of a new species. The following species were found in the material: Carychium eumicron and Carychium galli sp. nov. (Ellobiidae); Granaria cf. grossecostata and Granaria sp. (Chondrinidae); Gastrocopta acuminata and Gastrocopta nouletiana (Gastrocoptidae); ?Pyramidula sp. (Pyramidulidae); Strobilops sp. (Strobilopsidae); Vallonia lepida (Valloniidae); Vertigo callosa (Vertiginidae); Pseudidyla moersingensis (Clausiliidae); Triptychia sp. (Filholiidae).

Laemodonta siamensis (Morelet, 1875) Figs 8 W–X Plecotrema siamensis Morelet, 1875: 273, pl.13, fig. 6. Laemodonta siamensis: Okutani 2000: 816 –819, pl. 406, fig. 11; Raven & Vermuelen 2007: 46, 54, pl. 5, fig. 48, Lozouet & Plaziat 2008: 146 –147, pl. 37, figs 15–16; Poppe 2010: 452, pl. 917, fig. 5; Zvonareva et al. 2015: 9. Material examined Nha Phu Bay, 2 specimens. Abundance. Rare. Measurements. Up to 9 mm (Raven & Vermuelen 2007). Ecological notes. In estuaries, in mangrove areas and under rotting wood in salt marshes (both in tidal zone and above normal high tide mark). In studied sites it was found on mud surface under mangrove trees. Relation to mangroves. Eurybiotic. Distribution in Vietnam. Central coast. General distribution. From Korea to Sulawesi and Borneo (Lozouet & Plaziat 2008)., Published as part of Zvonareva, Sofya & Kantor, Yuri, 2016, Cheсklist of gastropod molluscs in mangroves of Khanh Hoa province, Vietnam, pp. 401-437 in Zootaxa 4162 (3) on page 430, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4162.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/254973, {"references":["Morelet, A. (1875) Series conchyliologiques comprenant l'enumeration de mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles recueillis pendant le cours de differents voyages ainsi que l description de plusieurs especes nouvelles. Quatrieme livraison. F. Savy, Paris, [4] pp. + 151 pp. (pp. 227 - 377), pls. 12 - 17. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11458","Okutani, T. (2000) Marine Mollusks in Japan. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, 1173 pp.","Raven, J. G. M. & Vermuelen, J. J. (2007) Notes on molluscs from NW Borneo and Singapore. 2. A synopsis of the Ellobiidae (Gastropoda, Pulmonata). Vita Malacologica, 4, 29 - 62.","Lozouet, P. & Plaziat, J. - C. (2008) Mangrove environments and mollusks. Abatan River, Bohol and Panglao Islands, Central Philippines. ConchBooks, Hackenheim, 166 pp.","Poppe, G. T. (2010) Volume III: Philippine marine mollusks. ConchBooks, Hackenheim, 665 pp.","Zvonareva, S., Kantor Yu., Xinzheng, L. & Britayev, T. (2015) Long-term monitoring of Gastropoda (Mollusca) fauna in planted mangroves in central Vietnam. Zoological studies, 54, 1 - 39."]}

Cassidula aurisfelis (Bruguière, 1789) Figs 8 Q–R Bulimus aurisfelis Bruguière, 1789: 343, pl. 460, fig. 5. Cassidula aurisfelis: Thach 2005: 232, pl. 72, fig. 6; Raven & Vermuelen, 2007: 43, 50, pl. 4, fig. 34. Material examined. South China Sea, Nha Phu, about 20 specimens. Abundance. Common. Measurements. Up to 22 mm (Raven & Vermuelen 2007). Ecological notes. In mangrove swamps, on mud in shaded areas and on mangrove trunks (Raven & Vermuelen 2007). In studied sites it was found on tree trunks as well as on sediment surface between mangrove roots. Relation to mangroves. Predominantly mangrove-associated. Distribution in Vietnam. Central coast (Thach 2005). General distribution. Indonesia, Malaysia (Raven & Vermuelen 2007)., Published as part of Zvonareva, Sofya & Kantor, Yuri, 2016, Cheсklist of gastropod molluscs in mangroves of Khanh Hoa province, Vietnam, pp. 401-437 in Zootaxa 4162 (3) on page 429, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4162.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/254973, {"references":["Bruguiere, J. G. (1789 - 1792) Histoire naturelle des vers. Vol. 1. Encyclopedie Methodique, Paris, xviii + 757 pp.","Thach, N. N. (2005) Shells of Vietnam. Conchbooks, Hackenheim, 338 pp.","Raven, J. G. M. & Vermuelen, J. J. (2007) Notes on molluscs from NW Borneo and Singapore. 2. A synopsis of the Ellobiidae (Gastropoda, Pulmonata). Vita Malacologica, 4, 29 - 62."]}

Zvonareva, Sofya, Kantor, Yuri (2016): Cheсklist of gastropod molluscs in mangroves of Khanh Hoa province, Vietnam. Zootaxa 4162 (3): 401-437, DOI: http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4162.3.1

Cassidula nucleus (Gmelin, 1791) Figs 8 S–T Helix nucleus Gmelin, 1791: 3651. Cassidula nucleus: Okutani 2000: 818 –820, pl. 407, fig. 8; Thach 2005: 233, pl. 72, fig. 8; Raven & Vermuelen 2007: 43, 50, pl. 4, figs 35–36, Lozouet & Plaziat 2008: 148 –149, pl. 38, figs 15–16; Poppe 2010: 448, pl. 915, figs 9–11; Zvonareva et al. 2015: 9, fig 3(8). Material examined. Nha Phu Bay, about 40 specimens. Abundance. Common. Measurements. Up to 22 mm (Raven & Vermuelen 2007). Ecological notes. On tree trunks and seedlings attached above tide level in mangrove swamp. Also can live in salt marsh or on muddy tidal flats (Lozouet & Plaziat 2008). In studied sites it was found on tree trunks and seedlings of mangrove trees as well as on sediment surface between mangrove roots. Relation to mangroves. Predominantly mangrove-associated. Distribution in Vietnam. Northern-east coast, central coast, southern delta (Thach 2005). General distribution. From Ryukyu (Japan) to tropical IWP (Lozouet & Plaziat 2008)., Published as part of Zvonareva, Sofya & Kantor, Yuri, 2016, Cheсklist of gastropod molluscs in mangroves of Khanh Hoa province, Vietnam, pp. 401-437 in Zootaxa 4162 (3) on pages 429-430, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4162.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/254973, {"references":["Gmelin, J. F. (1791) Caroli a Linne. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Ed. 13. Vol. 1. Part 6. Beer, Leipzig, pp. 3021 - 3910.","Okutani, T. (2000) Marine Mollusks in Japan. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, 1173 pp.","Thach, N. N. (2005) Shells of Vietnam. Conchbooks, Hackenheim, 338 pp.","Raven, J. G. M. & Vermuelen, J. J. (2007) Notes on molluscs from NW Borneo and Singapore. 2. A synopsis of the Ellobiidae (Gastropoda, Pulmonata). Vita Malacologica, 4, 29 - 62.","Lozouet, P. & Plaziat, J. - C. (2008) Mangrove environments and mollusks. Abatan River, Bohol and Panglao Islands, Central Philippines. ConchBooks, Hackenheim, 166 pp.","Poppe, G. T. (2010) Volume III: Philippine marine mollusks. ConchBooks, Hackenheim, 665 pp.","Zvonareva, S., Kantor Yu., Xinzheng, L. & Britayev, T. (2015) Long-term monitoring of Gastropoda (Mollusca) fauna in planted mangroves in central Vietnam. Zoological studies, 54, 1 - 39."]}

Melampus granifer (Mousson, 1849) Figs 8 U–V Auricula granifera Mousson, 1849: 46, pl. 5, fig. 9. Melampus granifer: Raven & Vermuelen 2007: 42, 45, pl. 3, figs 27–28; Lozouet & Plaziat 2008: 146 –147, pl. 38, figs 15–16. Material examined. Nha Phu Bay, 3 specimens. Abundance. Rare. Measurements. Up to 12 mm (Raven & Vermuelen 2007). Ecological notes. In estuaries, on Nypa palm trunks in the mangrove forest (Lozouet & Plaziat 2008). In studied sites it was found on mud surface under mangrove trees between roots. Relation to mangroves. Eurybiotic. Distribution in Vietnam. Central coast. General distribution. From Japan to Borneo (Lozouet & Plaziat 2008)., Published as part of Zvonareva, Sofya & Kantor, Yuri, 2016, Cheсklist of gastropod molluscs in mangroves of Khanh Hoa province, Vietnam, pp. 401-437 in Zootaxa 4162 (3) on pages 430-431, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4162.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/254973, {"references":["Mousson, A. (1849) Die Land- und Sußwasser-Mollusken von Java. Friedrich Schulthess, Zurich, 126 pp., 12 tables.","Raven, J. G. M. & Vermuelen, J. J. (2007) Notes on molluscs from NW Borneo and Singapore. 2. A synopsis of the Ellobiidae (Gastropoda, Pulmonata). Vita Malacologica, 4, 29 - 62.","Lozouet, P. & Plaziat, J. - C. (2008) Mangrove environments and mollusks. Abatan River, Bohol and Panglao Islands, Central Philippines. ConchBooks, Hackenheim, 166 pp."]}

Melampus cf. adamsianus Pfeiffer, 1854 Figs 8 Y–Z Melampus adamsianus Pfeiffer, 1854: 121 –122. Melampus adamsianus: Raven & Vermuelen 2007: 42, 44, pl. 3, figs 21–23. Material examined. Nha Phu Bay, 3 specimens. Abundance. Rare. Measurements. Up to 12 mm (Raven & Vermuelen 2007). Ecological notes. On rocks just above the normal high tide mark, between leaves. Also between terrestrial plants just behind the beach zone (Raven & Vermuelen 2007). In studied sites it was found on mud surface under mangrove trees between roots. Relation to mangroves. Eurybiotic. Distribution in Vietnam. Northern-east coast, central coast (Raven & Vermuelen 2007). General distribution. Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia (Raven & Vermuelen 2007)., Published as part of Zvonareva, Sofya & Kantor, Yuri, 2016, Cheсklist of gastropod molluscs in mangroves of Khanh Hoa province, Vietnam, pp. 401-437 in Zootaxa 4162 (3) on page 430, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4162.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/254973, {"references":["Pfeiffer, L. (1854) Descriptions of seven species of Cyclostomacea and Auriculacea, from Mr. Cuming's collection. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 22, 150 - 152.","Raven, J. G. M. & Vermuelen, J. J. (2007) Notes on molluscs from NW Borneo and Singapore. 2. A synopsis of the Ellobiidae (Gastropoda, Pulmonata). Vita Malacologica, 4, 29 - 62."]}

Pacific island land snail faunas are among the most threatened faunas in the world, having suffered a higher rate of extinction than any other major animal group. The Hawaiian land snails are among the most species rich and most severely impacted of these faunas, yet the current status of most of the Hawaiian species is unknown. Most of the major taxonomic studies on the fauna were under-taken 50–100 years ago and only certain groups were comprehensively revised. New research is uncovering undescribed species, both extant and extinct. The need for rigorous taxonomic treatment of the group is acute if the validity and conservation status of the many species is to be ascertained, and the basis for such research is comprehensive study of type material. The Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, holds type material of 38 nominal species-group taxa of Hawaiian land and freshwater snails belonging to six families, overwhelmingly the Achatinellidae Gulick, 1873 and Amastridae Pilsbry, 1910; this a...

Myosotella myosotis is shown to be a well-established alien species in South Africa. Discovered in Port Elizabeth more than 100 years ago, it was initially thought to be indigenous and was described under two different names, but subsequent taxonomic work has demonstrated that these are synonyms of the variable and widely introduced European M. myosotis. This information, published in a revision of western Atlantic Ellobiidae, has escaped the attention of the South African marine science community. There has been no recent mention of M. myosotis or its two pseudoindigenous synonyms in the literature pertaining to either the estuaries or the malacofauna of South Africa, or to marine bioinvasions in the region. This example serves to demonstrate that invasion biology has a global context and that taxonomic literature is an important source of pertinent data. The fact that a species, which evidently occurs in abundance, can be overlooked for so long is both surprising and sobering.