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The lung is densely innervated by sensory nerves, the majority of which are derived from the vagal sensory neurons. Vagal ganglia consist of two different ganglia, termed nodose and jugular ganglia, with distinct embryonic origins, innervation patterns, and physiological functions in the periphery. Since nodose neurons constitute the majority of the vagal ganglia, our understanding of the function of jugular nerves in the lung is very limited. This study aims to investigate the role of MrgprC11 + jugular sensory neurons in a mouse allergic asthma model. Our previous study has shown that MrgprC11 + jugular neurons mediate cholinergic bronchoconstriction. In this study, we found that in addition to MrgprC11, several other Mrgpr family members including MrgprA3, MrgprB4, and MrgprD are also specifically expressed in the jugular sensory neurons. MrgprC11 + jugular neurons exhibit dense innervation in the respiratory tract including the larynx, trachea, proximal, and distal bronchus. We also found that receptors for IL-4 and oncostatin M, two critical cytokines promoting allergic airway inflammation, are mainly expressed in jugular sensory neurons. Both IL-4 and oncostatin M can sensitize the neuronal responses of MrgprC11+ jugular neurons. Moreover, ablation of MrgprC11 + neurons significantly inhibited airway hyperresponsiveness in the asthmatic lung, demonstrating the critical role of MrgprC11 + neurons in controlling airway constriction. Our results emphasize the critical role of jugular sensory neurons in respiratory diseases.

Non-sebaceous lymphadenoma of the salivary glands is a rare benign lesion, first described in 1991. We present the case of a 54-year-old woman, with a right parotid mass. She underwent right superficial parotidectomy, and histopathology reported a non-sebaceous lymphadenoma due to an encapsulated lesion and multiple non-atypical epithelial inclusions without sebaceous differentiation. The etiology of non-sebaceous lymphadenoma is not yet understood, but it can arise predominantly from the parotid gland. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interests:The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© The Author(s) 2021.)

Bankart capsulorraphy for recurrent shoulder instability produces predictable results. Time-consuming, technically demanding details of the procedure, however, discourage its use. A simplified technique and new instrumentation solving these limitations was used in 69 procedures, all performed by the same surgeon. Seventy-eight percent of these procedures were reviewed independently at a minimum of 2 years followup: 77% were asymptomatic, 12% had minimal symptoms, and 11% had residual problems. Instability recurred in six patients and was associated with a significant traumatic event in five. Thus, the inside-out Bankart modifications were effective.

Our basic science knowledge predicates all enlightened discussions of anterior cruciate ligament morbidity and the principles of its reconstruction. To provide a framework for this symposium, the salient anatomy, embryology, and biomechanical functions of this complex structure are presented.

An operative procedure has been developed to prevent anterior subluxation of the proximal end of the tibia in patients with anterolateral rotatory instability of the knee. The results of this procedure in eighteen consecutive patients are reported. Ten (55.6 per cent) had had prior surgery on the involved knee. All patients had an additional pathological lesion and all were incapacitated for their sports prior to reconstruction. The shortest follow-up in this series was thirty-one months and the longest, forty-four months. Forty-four per cent had an excellent result, participating in sports without signs or symptoms, and 39 per cent had a good result, participating but with some modest problem. In 17 per cent the results were unsatisfactory.

The Inman ankle machine was modified to determine plantarflexion, dorsiflexion, inversion neutral, eversion neutral, plantarflexion inversion, and plantarflexion eversion before taping, immediately after taping, and with tape after a 2.5- to 3-hour football practice. The previously uninjured feet and ankles of 16 college-age football players were used. All were tape by the same method. A single-tailed paired-sample t-test was done to determine the minimun amount of restriction that could be expected for each motion after the exercise period. Ninety percent confidence intervals between untaped versus taped preexercise, untaped versus taped postexercise for all motions were determined. Inversion neutral, plantarflexion inversion, and eversion neutral had an average residual restriction after exercise of 50%, or greater than the initial restriction prior to exercise. plantarflexion, dorsiflexion, and plantarflexion eversion loosened significantly greater than 50%.