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Tiny 3D printed structures let water flow through them despite being open to the air Tiny 3D printed structures let water flow through them despite being open to the air

Engineers have created an inflatable, flat-pack emergency shelter based on origami. Engineers have created an inflatable, flat-pack emergency shelter based on origami.

Developing a holistic understanding of the ecosystem impacts of global change requires methods that can quantify the interactions among multiple response variables. One approach is to generate high dimensional spaces, or hypervolumes, to answer ecological questions in a multivariate context. A range of statistical methods has been applied to construct hypervolumes but have not yet been applied in the context of ecological data sets with spatial or temporal structure, for example, where the data are nested or demonstrate temporal autocorrelation. We outline an approach to account for data structure in quantifying hypervolumes based on the multivariate normal distribution by including random effects. Using simulated data, we show that failing to account for structure in data can lead to biased estimates of hypervolume properties in certain contexts. We then illustrate the utility of these “model‐based hypervolumes” in providing new insights into a case study of afforestation effects on ecosystem properties where the data has a nested structure. We demonstrate that the model‐based generalization allows hypervolumes to be applied to a wide range of ecological data sets and questions.

Invasive r odents set off chain reaction that can starve marine ecosystems. Rodents' taste for guano sets off chain reaction that can starve marine ecosystems.

Printable iron-laced substance is programmed by computer to make precise, rapid movements. P rintable iron-laced substance is programmed by computer to make precise, rapid movements.

The mouse fear response could help neuroscientists understand disorders such as phobias and PTSD. The mouse fear response could help neuroscientists understand disorders such as phobias and PTSD.

The effective management of lakes suffering from eutrophication is confounded by a mosaic of interactions and feedbacks that are difficult to manipulate. For example, in lake processes can delay the relinquishment of legacy phosphorus (P) manifested within bed sediments for decades, even after effective catchment management. This recovery time is often deemed unacceptable and researchers have explored many in-lake management measures designed to “speed-up” recovery. The manipulation of biogeochemical processes (commonly targeting P) using materials to achieve a desired chemical and/or ecological response has been termed geo-engineering in lakes, and is becoming a commonly considered eutrophication management tool (Figure 1). Although this approach has been employed for many years it remains contentious largely due to variable results reported in the literature. This uncertainty risks ineffective management based on poorly designed or inappropriate applications. To address this, it is important that current levels of confidence in the approach be effectively communicated and that methods of increasing confidence are clearly demonstrated. We draw here on experiences of researchers and water managers at a global scale to demonstrate recent advances and consensus on recommendations (numbered below) for best practice. This information, although vital to underpinning successful management, has not been available in the peer reviewed literature.