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1. ‘Water resource’ framing for the value and governance of glacier water availability in the semi-arid Chilean Andes

Author

Ellie Fox, Ernesto Schwartz-Marin, Sally Rangecroft, Steven Palmer, and Stephan Harrison

Subjects
glaciers, water resource, semi-arid Andes, qualitative research, glacier protection, water scarcity, Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, TD1-1066
Abstract

Water scarcity associated with glacier retreat in mountainous regions is of growing concern worldwide, especially in arid regions, where precipitation is scarce or seasonal. Scientists and decision makers aim to respond to glacier driven water scarcity by improving glacier protection and developing water resource management strategies. Despite the increasingly prominent ‘water resource’ lens for understanding the changing mountain cryosphere, little research has investigated what this framing means for how different actors value, study, manage, and protect cryospheric water stores. This paper therefore presents a critical analysis of how we conceptualise the importance of glaciers. Specifically, this paper examines how environmental campaigns, scientific research, and policy interact to make glaciers into a water resource, and how this impacts glacier protection. Focusing on a case study of glacier management and protection in the Chilean Andes, the motivations and processes that made glaciers into a water resource in Chile are examined, and the impacts of this for glacier protection in a country where glaciers are exposed to threats from climate change and the mining industry are explored. This paper presents qualitative analysis of interviews conducted with experts in glacier science, policy, and environmental campaigning, and documents associated with managing glaciers as a water resource in Chile. The research shows how, in response to mining threats, glaciers were strategically framed as water resources by environmental campaigners to improve Chilean state protection. This framing was institutionalised within Chile’s water resource management system through science and policy, resulting in some successful protection legislation. However, this resource framing has also integrated glaciers into a system which inherently limits their protection, because their protection is conditional on the shifting ways glaciers are valued for storing and releasing water to downstream communities and ecosystems. Here, we highlight processes that make glaciers into a resource, demonstrate that glaciological knowledge is not directly translated into policy, and importantly, show how managing glaciers as a resource may limit, or even undermine glacier protection efforts. As concern globally grows about water scarcity driven by glacial retreat, these findings are vital for the development of glacier protections and effective management of glacial water.

Published
2024
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2. Negotiating structural barriers to environmental collaborations in doctoral programmes

Author

Joshua Lait, Hannah Hayes, Sylvia Hayes, Roger Auster, Ellie Fox, Madeleine Timmins, and Augustin Bauchot

Subjects
collaboration, co‐production, environmental geography, impact, postgraduate, small‐scale, Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Geography (General), G1-922
Abstract

Abstract This commentary reflects on the experiences of a cohort of human and physical geographers in enacting environmental collaborations during their doctoral studies. The authors identify three key structural barriers encountered whilst attempting a collaborative approach: (1) doctoral funding priorities, (2) doctoral resourcing and (3) assessing doctoral collaboration. The authors discuss how the negotiation of these encounters came to frame their understanding of collaborative approaches to environmental knowledge creation. Competitive application processes for doctoral studentships can encourage the overpromising of the impact of planned environmental collaboration, potentially co‐opting the voices of partners/communities to satisfy doctoral funding requirements. Given insufficient funding of collaborations, the authors argue that this overpromising of doctoral research's impact can later result in difficult trade‐offs between undertaking additional commitments at the expense of the career progression of the doctoral student, contributing to educational inequalities and scaling‐back the initial plans at the cost of collaborators encountering environmental crises. The trade‐off is further problematised by institutional assessment procedures that do not adequately recognise the more nuanced contributions of environmental collaborations and a prevailing culture promoting peer‐review publishing. Overall, the commentary argues that these barriers help to reproduce inequalities in the distribution of voice in environmental scholarship, undermining efforts to democratise environmental knowledge creation in doctoral research. The authors call for specific structural reforms of doctoral programmes to help address these challenges and support a broader resistance to the inadequate resourcing and evaluation of environmental collaborative research in UK higher education.

Published
2024
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3. Pain, Analgesic Use, and Patient Satisfaction With Spinal Versus General Anesthesia for Hip Fracture Surgery : A Randomized Clinical Trial

Author

Mark D, Neuman, Rui, Feng, Susan S, Ellenberg, Frederick, Sieber, Daniel I, Sessler, Jay, Magaziner, Nabil, Elkassabany, Eric S, Schwenk, Derek, Dillane, Edward R, Marcantonio, Diane, Menio, Sabry, Ayad, Manal, Hassan, Trevor, Stone, Steven, Papp, Derek, Donegan, Mitchell, Marshall, J Douglas, Jaffe, Charles, Luke, Balram, Sharma, Syed, Azim, Robert, Hymes, Ki-Jinn, Chin, Richard, Sheppard, Barry, Perlman, Joshua, Sappenfield, Ellen, Hauck, Mark A, Hoeft, Ann, Tierney, Lakisha J, Gaskins, Annamarie D, Horan, Trina, Brown, James, Dattilo, Jeffrey L, Carson, Thomas, Looke, Sandra, Bent, Ariana, Franco-Mora, Pamela, Hedrick, Matthew, Newbern, Rafik, Tadros, Karen, Pealer, Kamen, Vlassakov, Carolyn, Buckley, Lauren, Gavin, Svetlana, Gorbatov, James, Gosnell, Talora, Steen, Avery, Vafai, Jose, Zeballos, Jennifer, Hruslinski, Louis, Cardenas, Ashley, Berry, John, Getchell, Nicholas, Quercetti, Gauasan, Bajracharya, Damien, Billow, Michael, Bloomfield, Evis, Cuko, Mehrun K, Elyaderani, Robert, Hampton, Hooman, Honar, Dilara, Khoshknabi, Daniel, Kim, David, Krahe, Michael M, Lew, Conjeevram B, Maheshwer, Azfar, Niazi, Partha, Saha, Ahmed, Salih, Robert J, de Swart, Andrew, Volio, Kelly, Bolkus, Matthew, DeAngelis, Gregory, Dodson, Jeffrey, Gerritsen, Brian, McEniry, Ludmil, Mitrev, M Kwesi, Kwofie, Anne, Belliveau, Flynn, Bonazza, Vera, Lloyd, Izabela, Panek, Jared, Dabiri, Chris, Chavez, Jason, Craig, Todd, Davidson, Chad, Dietrichs, Cheryl, Fleetwood, Mike, Foley, Chris, Getto, Susie, Hailes, Sarah, Hermes, Andy, Hooper, Greg, Koener, Kate, Kohls, Leslie, Law, Adam, Lipp, Allison, Losey, William, Nelson, Mario, Nieto, Pam, Rogers, Steve, Rutman, Garrett, Scales, Barbara, Sebastian, Tom, Stanciu, Gregg, Lobel, Michelle, Giampiccolo, Dara, Herman, Margit, Kaufman, Bryan, Murphy, Clara, Pau, Thomas, Puzio, Marlene, Veselsky, Kelly, Apostle, Dory, Boyer, Brenda Chen, Fan, Susan, Lee, Mike, Lemke, Richard, Merchant, Farhad, Moola, Kyrsten, Payne, Bertrand, Perey, Darius, Viskontas, Mark, Poler, Patricia, D'Antonio, Greg, O'Neill, Amer, Abdullah, Jamie, Fish-Fuhrmann, Mark, Giska, Christina, Fidkowski, Stuart Trent, Guthrie, William, Hakeos, Lillian, Hayes, Joseph, Hoegler, Katherine, Nowak, Jeffery, Beck, Jaslynn, Cuff, Greg, Gaski, Sharon, Haaser, Michael, Holzman, A Stephen, Malekzadeh, Lolita, Ramsey, Jeff, Schulman, Cary, Schwartzbach, Tangwan, Azefor, Arman, Davani, Mahmood, Jaberi, Courtney, Masear, Syed Basit, Haider, Carolyn, Chungu, Ali, Ebrahimi, Karim, Fikry, Andrew, Marcantonio, Anitha, Shelvan, David, Sanders, Collin, Clarke, Abdel, Lawendy, Gary, Schwartz, Mohit, Garg, Joseph, Kim, Juan, Caruci, Ekow, Commeh, Randy, Cuevas, Germaine, Cuff, Lola, Franco, David, Furgiuele, Matthew, Giuca, Melissa, Allman, Omid, Barzideh, James, Cossaro, Armando, D'Arduini, Anita, Farhi, Jason, Gould, John, Kafel, Anuj, Patel, Abraham, Peller, Hadas, Reshef, Mohammed, Safur, Fiore, Toscano, Tiffany, Tedore, Michael, Akerman, Eric, Brumberger, Sunday, Clark, Rachel, Friedlander, Anita, Jegarl, Joseph, Lane, John P, Lyden, Nili, Mehta, Matthew T, Murrell, Nathan, Painter, William, Ricci, Kaitlyn, Sbrollini, Rahul, Sharma, Peter A D, Steel, Michele, Steinkamp, Roniel, Weinberg, David Stephenson, Wellman, Antoun, Nader, Paul, Fitzgerald, Michaela, Ritz, Greg, Bryson, Alexandra, Craig, Cassandra, Farhat, Braden, Gammon, Wade, Gofton, Nicole, Harris, Karl, Lalonde, Allan, Liew, Bradley, Meulenkamp, Kendra, Sonnenburg, Eugene, Wai, Geoffrey, Wilkin, Karen, Troxell, Mary Ellen, Alderfer, Jason, Brannen, Christopher, Cupitt, Stacy, Gerhart, Renee, McLin, Julie, Sheidy, Katherine, Yurick, Fei, Chen, Karen, Dragert, Geza, Kiss, Halina, Malveaux, Deborah, McCloskey, Scott, Mellender, Sagar S, Mungekar, Helaine, Noveck, Carlos, Sagebien, Luat, Biby, Gail, McKelvy, Anna, Richards, Ramon, Abola, Brittney, Ayala, Darcy, Halper, Ana, Mavarez, Sabeen, Rizwan, Stephen, Choi, Imad, Awad, Brendan, Flynn, Patrick, Henry, Richard, Jenkinson, Lilia, Kaustov, Elizabeth, Lappin, Paul, McHardy, Amara, Singh, Joanne, Donnelly, Meera, Gonzalez, Christopher, Haydel, Jon, Livelsberger, Theresa, Pazionis, Bridget, Slattery, Maritza, Vazquez-Trejo, Jaime, Baratta, Michael, Cirullo, Brittany, Deiling, Laura, Deschamps, Michael, Glick, Daniel, Katz, James, Krieg, Jennifer, Lessin, Jeffrey, Mojica, Marc, Torjman, Rongyu, Jin, Mary Jane, Salpeter, Mark, Powell, Jeffrey, Simmons, Prentiss, Lawson, Promil, Kukreja, Shanna, Graves, Adam, Sturdivant, Ayesha, Bryant, Sandra Joyce, Crump, Michelle, Verrier, James, Green, Matthew, Menon, Richard, Applegate, Ana, Arias, Natasha, Pineiro, Jeffrey, Uppington, Phillip, Wolinsky, Amy, Gunnett, Jennifer, Hagen, Sara, Harris, Kevin, Hollen, Brian, Holloway, Mary Beth, Horodyski, Trevor, Pogue, Ramachandran, Ramani, Cameron, Smith, Anna, Woods, Matthew, Warrick, Kelly, Flynn, Paul, Mongan, Yatish, Ranganath, Sean, Fernholz, Esperanza, Ingersoll-Weng, Anil, Marian, Melinda, Seering, Zita, Sibenaller, Lori, Stout, Allison, Wagner, Alicia, Walter, Cynthia, Wong, Denise, Orwig, Maithri, Goud, Chris, Helker, Lydia, Mezenghie, Brittany, Montgomery, Peter, Preston, J Sanford, Schwartz, Ramona, Weber, Lee A, Fleisher, Samir, Mehta, Alisa J, Stephens-Shields, Cassandra, Dinh, Jacques E, Chelly, Shiv, Goel, Wende, Goncz, Touichi, Kawabe, Sharad, Khetarpal, Amy, Monroe, Vladislav, Shick, Max, Breidenstein, Timothy, Dominick, Alexander, Friend, Donald, Mathews, Richard, Lennertz, Robert, Sanders, Helen, Akere, Tyler, Balweg, Amber, Bo, Christopher, Doro, David, Goodspeed, Gerald, Lang, Maggie, Parker, Amy, Rettammel, Mary, Roth, Marissa, White, Paul, Whiting, Brian F S, Allen, Tracie, Baker, Debra, Craven, Matt, McEvoy, Teresa, Turnbo, Stephen, Kates, Melanie, Morgan, Teresa, Willoughby, Wade, Weigel, David, Auyong, Ellie, Fox, Tina, Welsh, Bruce, Cusson, Sean, Dobson, Christopher, Edwards, Lynette, Harris, Daryl, Henshaw, Kathleen, Johnson, Glen, McKinney, Scott, Miller, Jon, Reynolds, B Scott, Segal, Jimmy, Turner, David, VanEenenaam, Robert, Weller, Jineli, Lei, Miriam, Treggiari, Shamsuddin, Akhtar, Marcelle, Blessing, Chanel, Johnson, Michael, Kampp, Kimberly, Kunze, Mary, O'Connor, Jinlei, Li, Duminda N, Wijeysundera, Sachin, Kheterpal, Reneé H, Moore, Alexander K, Smith, Laura L, Tosi, Lee, Fleisher, Christine, Langlois, Samuel, Oduwole, and Thomas, Rose

Subjects
Male, Analgesics, Canada, Pain, Postoperative, Hip Fractures, Pain, General Medicine, Anesthesia, General, Anesthesia, Spinal, Patient Satisfaction, Internal Medicine, Humans, Female, Aged
Abstract

The REGAIN (Regional versus General Anesthesia for Promoting Independence after Hip Fracture) trial found similar ambulation and survival at 60 days with spinal versus general anesthesia for hip fracture surgery. Trial outcomes evaluating pain, prescription analgesic use, and patient satisfaction have not yet been reported.To compare pain, analgesic use, and satisfaction after hip fracture surgery with spinal versus general anesthesia.Preplanned secondary analysis of a pragmatic randomized trial. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02507505).46 U.S. and Canadian hospitals.Patients aged 50 years or older undergoing hip fracture surgery.Spinal or general anesthesia.Pain on postoperative days 1 through 3; 60-, 180-, and 365-day pain and prescription analgesic use; and satisfaction with care.A total of 1600 patients were enrolled. The average age was 78 years, and 77% were women. A total of 73.5% (1050 of 1428) of patients reported severe pain during the first 24 hours after surgery. Worst pain over the first 24 hours after surgery was greater with spinal anesthesia (rated from 0 [no pain] to 10 [worst pain imaginable]; mean difference, 0.40 [95% CI, 0.12 to 0.68]). Pain did not differ across groups at other time points. Prescription analgesic use at 60 days occurred in 25% (141 of 563) and 18.8% (108 of 574) of patients assigned to spinal and general anesthesia, respectively (relative risk, 1.33 [CI, 1.06 to 1.65]). Satisfaction was similar across groups.Missing outcome data and multiple outcomes assessed.Severe pain is common after hip fracture. Spinal anesthesia was associated with more pain in the first 24 hours after surgery and more prescription analgesic use at 60 days compared with general anesthesia.Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute

Published
2022

4. Engaging patients as partners in a multicentre trial of spinal versus general anaesthesia for older adults

Author

Jennifer Hruslinski, Diane A. Menio, Robert A. Hymes, J. Douglas Jaffe, Christine Langlois, Lolita Ramsey, Lakisha J. Gaskins, Mark D. Neuman, Thomas Looke, Sandra Bent, Ariana Franco-Mora, Pamela Hedrick, Matthew Newbern, Rafik Tadros, Karen Pealer, Edward Marcantonio, Kamen Vlassakov, Carolyn Buckley, Svetlana Gorbatov, James Gosnell, Talora Steen, Avery Vafai, Jose Zeballos, Louis Cardenas, Ashley Berry, John Getchell, Nicholas Quercetti, Daniel I. Sessler, Sabry Ayad, Manal Hassan, Assad Ali, Gauasan Bajracharya, Damien Billow, Michael Bloomfield, Kavita Elliott, Robert Hampton, Linda He, Hooman Honar, Dilara Khoshknabi, Daniel Kim, Paul Minko, Adam Morris, Azfar Niazi, Tara Nutcharoen, Jeffrey Roberts, Partha Saha, Ahmed Salih, Alexis Skolaris, Taylor Stang, Victor Strimbu, Jesse Templeton, Andrew Volio, Jiayi Wang, Kelly Bolkus, Matthew DeAngelis, Gregory Dodson, Jeffrey Gerritsen, Brian McEniry, Ludmil Mitrev, Kwesi Kwofie, Flynn Bonazza, Vera Lloyd, Izabela Panek, Jared Dabiri, Chris Chavez, Jason Craig, Todd Davidson, Chad Dietrichs, Cheryl Fleetwood, Mike Foley, Chris Getto, Susie Hailes, Sarah Hermes, Andy Hooper, Greg Koener, Kate Kohls, Leslie Law, Adam Lipp, Allison Losey, William Nelson, Mario Nieto, Pam Rogers, Steve Rutman, Garrett Scales, Barbara Sebastian, Tom Stanciu, Gregg Lobel, Michelle Giampiccolo, Dara Herman, Margit Kaufman, Bryan Murphy, Clara Pau, Thomas Puzio, Marlene Veselsky, Trevor Stone, Kelly Apostle, Dory Boyer, Brenda Chen Fan, Susan Lee, Mike Lemke, Richard Merchant, Farhad Moola, Kyrsten Payne, Bertrand Perey, Darius Viskontas, Mark Poler, Patricia D'Antonio, Richard Sheppard, Amer Abdullah, Jamie Fish-Fuhrmann, Mark Giska, Christina Fidkowski, Trent Guthrie, William Hakeos, Lillian Hayes, Joseph Hoegler, Katherine Nowak, Robert Hymes, Jeffery Beck, Jaslynn Cuff, Greg Gaski, Sharon Haaser, Michael Holzman, A. Stephen Malekzadeh, Jeff Schulman, Cary Schwartzbach, Frederick Sieber, Tangwan Azefor, Charles Brown, Arman Davani, Mahmood Jaberi, Courtney Masear, Balram Sharma, Syed Basit Haider, Carolyn Chungu, Ali Ebrahimi, Karim Fikry, Kerri Gannon, Andrew Marcantonio, Meredith Pace, David Sanders, Collin Clarke, Abdel Lawendy, Gary Schwartz, Mohit Garg, Joseph Kim, Mitchell Marshall, Juan Caurci, Ekow Commeh, Randy Cuevas, Germaine Cuff, Lola Franco, David Furguiele, Matthew Giuca, Melissa Allman, Omid Barzideh, James Cossaro, Armando D'Arduini, Anita Farhi, Jason Gould, John Kafel, Anuj Patel, Abraham Peller, Hadas Reshef, Mohammed Safur, Fiore Toscano, Tiffany Tedore, Michael Akerman, Eric Brumberger, Sunday Clark, Rachel Friedlander, Anita Jegarl, Joseph Lane, John P. Lyden, Nili Mehta, Matthew T. Murrell, Nathan Painter, William Ricci, Kaitlyn Sbrollini, Rahul Sharma, Peter A.D. Steel, Michele Steinkamp, Roniel Weinberg, David Stephenson Wellman, Antoun Nader, Paul Fitzgerald, Michaela Ritz, Steven Papp, Greg Bryson, Alexandra Craig, Cassandra Farhat, Braden Gammon, Wade Gofton, Nicole Harris, Karl Lalonde, Allan Liew, Bradley Meulenkamp, Kendra Sonnenburg, Eugene Wai, Geoffrey Wilkin, Derek Donegan, Cassandra Dinh, Nabil Elkassabany, Annamarie Horan, Samir Mehta, Karen Troxell, Mary Ellen Alderfer, Jason Brannen, Christopher Cupitt, Stacy Gerhart, Renee McLin, Julie Sheidy, Katherine Yurick, Jeffrey Carson, Fei Chen, Karen Dragert, Geza Kiss, Halina Malveaux, Deborah McCloskey, Scott Mellender, Sagar S. Mungekar, Helaine Noveck, Carlos Sagebien, Barry Perlman, Luat Biby, Gail McKelvy, Anna Richards, Syed Azim, Ramon Abola, Brittney Ayala, Darcy Halper, Ana Mavarez, Stephen Choi, Imad Awad, Brendan Flynn, Patrick Henry, Richard Jenkinson, Lilia Kaustov, Elizabeth Lappin, Paul McHardy, Amara Singh, Ellen Hauck, Joanne Donnelly, Meera Gonzalez, Christopher Haydel, Jon Livelsberger, Theresa Pazionis, Bridget Slattery, Maritza Vazquez-Trejo, Eric Schwenk, Jaime Baratta, Brittany Deiling, Laura Deschamps, Michael Glick, Daniel Katz, James Krieg, Jennifer Lessin, Marc Torjman, Ki Jinn Chin, Rongyu Jin, Mary Jane Salpeter, Mark Powell, Jeffrey Simmons, Prentiss Lawson, Promil Kukreja, Shanna Graves, Adam Sturdivant, Ayesha Bryant, Sandra Joyce Crump, Derek Dillane, Michael Taylor, Michelle Verrier, Richard Applegate, Ana Arias, Natasha Pineiro, Jeffrey Uppington, Phillip Wolinsky, Joshua Sappenfield, Amy Gunnett, Jennifer Hagen, Sara Harris, Kevin Hollen, Brian Holloway, Mary Beth Horodyski, Trevor Pogue, Ramachandran Ramani, Cameron Smith, Anna Woods, Matthew Warrick, Kelly Flynn, Paul Mongan, Yatish Ranganath, Sean Fernholz, Esperanza Ingersoll-Weng, Anil Marian, Melinda Seering, Zita Sibenaller, Lori Stout, Allison Wagner, Alicia Walter, Cynthia Wong, Jay Magaziner, Denise Orwig, Trina Brown, Jim Dattilo, Susan Ellenberg, Rui Feng, Lee Fleisher, Lakisha Gaskins, Maithri Goud, Chris Helker, Lydia Mezenghie, Brittany Montgomery, Peter Preston, Alisa Stephens, J. Sanford Schwartz, Ann Tierney, Ramona Weber, Jacques Chelly, Shiv Goel, Wende Goncz, Touichi Kawabe, Sharad Khetarpal, Kevin King, Frank Kunkel, Charles Luke, Amy Monroe, Vladislav Shick, Anthony Silipo, Caroline Stehle, Katherine Szabo, Sudhakar Yennam, Mark Hoeft, Max Breidenstein, Timothy Dominick, Alexander Friend, Donald Mathews, Richard Lennertz, Helen Akere, Tyler Balweg, Amber Bo, Christopher Doro, David Goodspeed, Gerald Lang, Maggie Parker, Amy Rettammel, Mary Roth, Robert Sanders, Marissa White, Paul Whiting, Brian Allen, Tracie Baker, Debra Craven, Matt McEvoy, Teresa Turnbo, Stephen Kates, Melanie Morgan, Teresa Willoughby, Wade Weigel, David Auyong, Ellie Fox, Tina Welsh, Bruce Cusson, Sean Dobson, Christopher Edwards, Lynette Harris, Daryl Henshaw, Kathleen Johnson, Glen McKinney, Scott Miller, Jon Reynolds, Jimmy Turner, David VanEenenaam, Robert Weller, Shamsuddin Akhtar, Marcelle Blessing, Chanel Johnson, Michael Kampp, Kimberly Kunze, Jinlei Li, Mary O'Connor, and Miriam Treggiari

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Canada, Research Subjects, Patient engagement, Hip fracture surgery, Patient Advocacy, Anesthesia, General, Patient advocacy, Anesthesia, Spinal, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Nursing, 030202 anesthesiology, Fracture Fixation, Medicine, Humans, General anaesthesia, Cooperative Behavior, Geriatrics, Hip fracture, business.industry, Hip Fractures, Lived experience, Age Factors, Research process, medicine.disease, United States, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Research Design, Patient Participation, business, Decision Making, Shared
Abstract

Summary Engaging patients—defined broadly as individuals with lived experience of a given condition, family members, caregivers, and the organisations that represent them—as partners in research is a priority for policymakers, funders, and the public. Nonetheless, formal efforts to engage patients are absent from most studies, and models to support meaningful patient engagement in clinical anaesthesia research have not been previously described. Here, we review our experience in developing and implementing a multifaceted patient engagement strategy within the Regional Versus General Anesthesia for Promoting Independence After Hip Fracture (REGAIN) surgery trial, an ongoing randomised trial comparing spinal vs general anaesthesia for hip fracture surgery in 1600 older adults across 45 hospitals in the USA and Canada. This strategy engaged patients and their representatives at both the level of overall trial oversight and at the level of individual recruiting sites. Activities spanned a continuum ranging from events designed to elicit patients' input on key decisions to longitudinal collaborations that empowered patients to actively participate in decision-making related to trial design and management. Engagement activities were highly acceptable to participants and led to concrete changes in the design and conduct of the REGAIN trial. The REGAIN experience offers a model for future efforts to engage patients as partners in clinical anaesthesia research, and highlights potential opportunities for investigators to increase the relevance of anaesthesia studies by incorporating patient voices and perspectives into the research process.

Published
2020

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