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In the century since the discovery of insulin, diabetes has changed from an early death sentence to a manageable chronic disease. This change in longevity and duration of diabetes coupled with significant advances in therapeutic options for patients has fundamentally changed the landscape of diabetes management, particularly in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. However, hypoglycemia remains a major barrier to achieving optimal glycemic control. Current understanding of the mechanisms of hypoglycemia has expanded to include not only counter-regulatory hormonal responses but also direct changes in brain glucose, fuel sensing, and utilization, as well as changes in neural networks that modulate behavior, mood, and cognition. Different strategies to prevent and treat hypoglycemia have been developed, including educational strategies, new insulin formulations, delivery devices, novel technologies, and pharmacologic targets. This review article will discuss current literature contributing to our understanding of the myriad of factors that lead to the development of clinically meaningful hypoglycemia and review established and novel therapies for the prevention and treatment of hypoglycemia.

The COVID-19 pandemic has unveiled the importance of proper communication for public health, especially in multilingual contexts where speakers of minority languages have not had proper access to information in their languages, like indigenous peoples. Different approaches have been taken at national, regional, and local levels in this regard. In Peru, the COVID-19 pandemic enhanced the need for a government-driven provision of translation and interpreting in indigenous languages, especially in health care services. To that end, the Peruvian Government created a Centre of Interpreting and Translation in Indigenous Languages, a leading experience in the region. This paper aims at providing an overview of its implementation process through the analysis of the regulations behind it and the provided assistance a year after being launched to try to identify the possible implications of such implementation on how public service interpreting and translation in indigenous languages can move towards an articulated model of government-driven language services., La pandemia por la covid-19 ha revelado la importancia de una comunicación apropiada para la salud pública, en especial en contextos multilingües en los que los hablantes de lenguas minoritarias no han tenido acceso a la información en sus lenguas, como en el caso de los pueblos indígenas. Diferentes enfoques se han tomado a nivel nacional, regional y local en este sentido. En Perú, la pandemia por la COVID-19 realzó la necesidad de la provisión gubernamental de servicios de traducción e interpretación en lenguas indígenas, en especial en los servicios de salud. Para ello, el gobierno peruano creó una Central de Interpretación y Traducción en Lenguas Indígenas u Originarias, una experiencia pionera en la región. Este trabajo busca brindar un repaso de su implementación a través delanálisis de las regulaciones detrás y las atenciones brindadas a un año de su lanzamiento para intentar identificar las posibles implicaciones de dicha implementación en el avance de la traducción e interpretación en los servicios públicos en lenguas indígenas hacia un modelo articulado de servicios lingüísticos liderados por el estado.

Prior work by our group and others have shown that, in response to hypoglycemia, individuals with T1DM have altered regional brain activity and resting state functional connectivity (FC) in reward and decision-making regions such as the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and insula. Recently, fMRI studies have found that performing trait-relevant tasks while measuring FC can provide a more accurate representation of cognitive function. Thus, we tested whether individuals with T1DM have different patterns of “task-amplified” FC in response to hypoglycemia compared to non-diabetic control subjects. Twenty-five individuals (17 T1DM, 7F/10M, age 36±3 years, BMI 26±1 kg/m2, HbA1c 7.2±0.2%, duration of DM 19±2 years and 8 healthy controls (HC) , 5F/3M, age 31±2 years, BMI 25±1 kg/m2, HbA1c 5.3±0.1%) underwent BOLD fMRI scanning for FC at rest and during the performance of a Card-Guessing Task to assess reward-based decision making. During scanning, glucose levels were controlled using a 2-step hyperinsulinemic euglycemic (90 mg/dl) -hypoglycemic (60 mg/dl) clamp. Seed-based analysis using a predefined region of interest in the OFC was performed. During resting state, there were no significant Group (HC, T1DM) X Session (euglycemia, hypoglycemia) interactions. In contrast, during the Card Guess task, there was a significant Group X Session interaction (P Disclosure J.Deajon-jackson: None. E.Sanchez rangel: None. C.Lacadie: None. A.S.Greene: None. R.Belfort-deaguiar: Research Support; Fractyl Health, Inc. T.Constable: None. D.L.Rothman: None. J.J.Hwang: None. Funding National Institute of Health (DK020495)

Biallelic STX3 variants were previously reported in five individuals with the severe congenital enteropathy, microvillus inclusion disease (MVID). Here, we provide a significant extension of the phenotypic spectrum caused by STX3 variants. We report ten individuals of diverse geographic origin with biallelic STX3 loss-of-function variants, identified through exome sequencing, single-nucleotide polymorphism array-based homozygosity mapping, and international collaboration. The evaluated individuals all presented with MVID. Eight individuals also displayed early-onset severe retinal dystrophy, i.e., syndromic—intestinal and retinal—disease. These individuals harbored STX3 variants that affected both the retinal and intestinal STX3 transcripts, whereas STX3 variants affected only the intestinal transcript in individuals with solitary MVID. That STX3 is essential for retinal photoreceptor survival was confirmed by the creation of a rod photoreceptor-specific STX3 knockout mouse model which revealed a time-dependent reduction in the number of rod photoreceptors, thinning of the outer nuclear layer, and the eventual loss of both rod and cone photoreceptors. Together, our results provide a link between STX3 loss-of-function variants and a human retinal dystrophy. Depending on the genomic site of a human loss-of-function STX3 variant, it can cause MVID, the novel intestinal-retinal syndrome reported here or, hypothetically, an isolated retinal dystrophy.

Introducción y objetivos: Sorghastrum pellitum es una Gramínea nativa de Sudamérica de gran potencial ornamental. Debido a la demanda de nuevas especies nativas por el mercado floricultor, resulta importante conocer si las plantas de esta especie prosperan en condiciones de cultivo y si presentan variabilidad para los atributos vegetativos y/o reproductivos, que posibiliten la selección de genotipos para su eventual incorporación en el mercado. El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar genotipos de dos poblaciones de S. pellitum provenientes de áreas serranas del sudeste del Sistema Serrano de Tandilia (Buenos Aires, Argentina). M&M: Se utilizaron seis genotipos de cada población a partir de los cuales se obtuvieron clones que se dispusieron en macetas al aire libre en Balcarce (Buenos Aires, Argentina), siguiendo un DBCA (n=3). En dos estaciones de crecimiento sucesivas se evaluaron variables relacionadas a la supervivencia al trasplante, a la morfología y a la fenología. Resultados: Se registró variabilidad intra- e inter-poblacional en la supervivencia al trasplante, así como en caracteres morfológicos, duración de las etapas fenológicas y épocas de floración. Conclusiones: La capacidad de implantación bajo cultivo y la variabilidad detectada, sugieren que esta especie podría ser incluida en programas de mejoramiento genético, para la obtención de cultivares y posterior uso en planteos paisajísticos. Por otra parte, las diferencias encontradas entre lo registrado en este trabajo y la bibliografía, ponen en evidencia que para realizar descripciones taxonómicas de S. pellitum es necesario analizar un gran número de ejemplares, provenientes de las distintas áreas de su distribución, así como considerar la existencia de híbridos interespecíficos.

A recent report by Potier et al found that patients with T1DM had improved glycemic control during the pandemic, possibly due to changes in behavioral and lifestyle patterns. However, very little is known regarding how patients with normal hypoglycemia unawareness (NAH) or impaired awareness (IAH) have responded to changes in diabetes management during the pandemic. Fifteen participants with T1DM from the Greater New Haven area participated in this study, which is part of a larger ongoing clinical study. Participants completed questionnaires measuring awareness (Clarke Score), current quality of diabetes care (Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction), and symptom severity (Hypo AQ) twice, pre-pandemic (prior to March 2020) and during pandemic (September to November 2020). Nine individuals had NAH (3F/6M, Clarke mean 1.00 ± SEM 0.4, age 32 ± 12 yrs, A1C 8.2 ± 1.3%, BMI 24.7 ± 4.7) and six had IAH, (4F/2M, Clarke 4.33 ± .3, age 39 ± 14, A1C 7.3 ± 0.9%, BMI 30.1 ± 7.4). There were no significant demographic differences between groups except for Clarke score. Among IAH patients, symptom severity (pre: 13.8 ± 0.910, during: 11.50 ± 0.957, p = 0.04) and treatment satisfaction (pre: 26.17 ± 1.99, during: 31.33 ± 1.542, p = 0.013) were significantly improved during the pandemic. Self-reported frequency of hypoglycemic episodes was unchanged (p = 0.741). In contrast, among NAH participants, there were no changes in severity of symptoms (p = 0.822), satisfaction of treatment (p = 0.407), or frequency of hypoglycemic episodes (p = 1.000). Our results indicate that pandemic associated changes in diabetes care and management had differential effects on patients with and without hypoglycemic unawareness. Further studies to identify the specific factors driving these differences will be beneficial to improving the clinical care of patients with IAH. Disclosure C. Watt: None. M. Knight: None. E. Sanchez rangel: None. F. Gunawan: None. J. J. Hwang: None. Funding National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK020495)

The energy-dissipating properties of brown adipose tissue (BAT) have been proposed as therapeutic targets for obesity and diabetes. Little is known about basal BAT activity. Capitalizing on the dense sympathetic innervation of BAT, we have previously shown that BAT can be detected in humans under resting room temperature (RT) conditions by using (S,S)-11C–O-methylreboxetine (MRB), a selective ligand for the norepinephrine transporter (NET). In this study, we determine whether MRB labeling of human BAT is altered by obesity. Fifteen healthy, nondiabetic Caucasian women (nine lean, age 25.6 ± 1.7, BMI 21.8 ± 1.3 kg/m2; six obese age 30.8 ± 8.8 BMI 37.9 ± 6.6 kg/m2) underwent PET-CT imaging of the neck/supraclavicular region using 11C-MRB under RT conditions. The distribution volume ratio (DVR) for 11C-MRB was estimated via multilinear reference tissue model 2 (MRTM2) referenced to the occipital cortex. Two women (one lean and one with obesity) had no detectable BAT. Of the women with detectable BAT, women with obesity had lower 11C-MRB DVR (0.80 ± 0.12 BAT DVR) compared to lean (1.15 ± 0.19 BAT DVR) (p = 0.004). Our findings are consistent with reports that NET is decreased in obesity and suggest that the sympathetic innervation of BAT is altered in obesity.

There is limited data on the HPV immunization status of Latino/Hispanic youth in the USA. In Los Angeles County in 2015, 54,973 (34.3%) college students were of Latino/Hispanic background. We examined Los Angeles County college students’ awareness of HPV and HPV-related disease, HPV vaccine recommendations, and their vaccination status. This study surveyed 212 Los Angeles college students from January to April 2018. In a convenience sampling study, a 31-question, IRB-approved survey was administered face-to-face to college students 18 years and older at California State University settings in Los Angeles County. Almost two-thirds of the male (65%) and half of the female (51.6%) respondents did not know that the HPV vaccine is recommended through 26 years of age, and 47.6% did not know they can get the HPV vaccine at the college student health center or youth-friendly clinics. Ethnicity, family income, and the highest level of education in the family had a significant impact on immunization rates. Self-reported and actual HPV knowledge levels were significantly associated with vaccination status. Educational strategies focusing on the logistics of receiving the HPV vaccine and HPV vaccine catch-up eligibility for college students may be effective in decreasing racial disparities in vaccine receipt.

Context: Most heritable causes of low bone mass in children occur due to mutations affecting type 1 collagen. We describe two related patients with low bone mass and fracture without mutations in the type 1 collagen genes. Case description: We describe the index case of a 10-year-old girl with low-impact fractures in childhood and her 59-year-old father with traumatic fractures in adulthood, both with low bone mineral density. They were found to have the same heterozygous missense mutation in the WNT1 gene (p.Gly222Arg), occurring in a highly conserved WNT motif in close proximity to the Frizzled binding site. Conclusions: The WNT-ligand WNT1, signaling through the canonical WNT-β­catenin pathway, plays a critical role in skeletal development, adult skeletal homeostasis, and bone remodeling. Biallelic mutations have been described and are associated with moderate to severe osteogenesis imperfecta, in some cases with extra-skeletal manifestations. Patients with monoallelic mutations, as in our case, seem to present with low bone mineral density and less severe disease. The phenotypic difference between biallelic and monoallelic mutations highlights that the aberrant protein in monoallelic mutations may exert a dominant negative effect on the wild type protein as heterozygous carriers in families with biallelic disease are usually asymptomatic. With better understanding of disorders associated with WNT1 mutations, therapies targeting this signaling pathway may offer therapeutic benefit. Keywords: Osteopenia, fracture, Monoallelic mutation, Biallelic mutation, WNT1 mutation

Objective: Angiopoietin-like protein 3(ANGPTL3) is an important regulator of lipoprotein metabolism in the fed state by inhibiting the enzyme lipoprotein lipase in oxidative tissues. However, the possible role of ANGPTL3 throughout gestation and its relationship with hormonal and biochemical variables are still unknown. The aim of this study was to determinate serum ANGPTL3 level in healthy non-pregnant women, during healthy and preeclamptic pregnancy and postpartum. Methods: Serum ANGPTL3 was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), in a prospective cohort of healthy pregnant women (n = 52) and women with mild preeclampsia (n = 21), and women at three months postpartum (n = 20) and healthy non-pregnant women (n = 20). The results obtained were correlated with biochemical, hormonal and anthropometric variables and insulin resistance indices. Results: Levels of ANGPTL3 were not different between the follicular and the luteal phases of the cycle in healthy non-pregnant women. There was a significant reduction in serum ANGPTL3 levels from the first to the third trimester in healthy pregnant women compared with healthy non-pregnant and postpartum women (p 0.05) Conclusions: We describe for the first time the profile of ANGPTL3 throughout pregnancy and postpartum as well as and discussed about explore their potential contribution interactions with lipoprotein metabolism throughout pregnancy and postpartum. Thus, low levels of ANGPTL3 during pregnancy might favor lipid uptake in oxidative tissues as the main maternal energy source, while may helping to preserve glucose for use by the fetus and placenta., Centro de Investigaciones Inmunológicas Básicas y Aplicadas

Aims/hypothesis We have previously shown that individuals with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes have a blunted rise in brain glucose levels measured by 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Here, we investigate whether reductions in HbA1c normalise intracerebral glucose levels. Methods Eight individuals (two men, six women) with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes and mean ± SD age 44.8 ± 8.3 years, BMI 31.4 ± 6.1 kg/m2 and HbA1c 84.1 ± 16.2 mmol/mol (9.8 ± 1.4%) underwent 1H MRS scanning at 4 Tesla during a hyperglycaemic clamp (~12.21 mmol/l) to measure changes in cerebral glucose at baseline and after a 12 week intervention that improved glycaemic control through the use of continuous glucose monitoring, diabetes regimen intensification and frequent visits to an endocrinologist and nutritionist. Results Following the intervention, mean ± SD HbA1c decreased by 24.3 ± 15.3 mmol/mol (2.1 ± 1.5%) (p=0.006), with minimal weight changes (p=0.242). Using a linear mixed-effects regression model to compare glucose time courses during the clamp pre and post intervention, the pre-intervention brain glucose level during the hyperglycaemic clamp was significantly lower than the post-intervention brain glucose (pp=0.266). Furthermore, the increases in brain glucose were correlated with the magnitude of improvement in HbA1c (r = 0.71, p=0.048). Conclusion/interpretation These findings highlight the potential reversibility of cerebral glucose transport capacity and metabolism that can occur in individuals with type 2 diabetes following improvement of glycaemic control. Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT03469492. Graphical abstract

COVID-19 outcomes like mortality have been associated with albumin alteration. However, it is unclear whether albumin changes in COVID-19 are pathogen specific or not. To this end, we characterized the kinetics of serum albumin in mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 compared to mechanically ventilated patients with sepsis-induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). We discovered two phases of alterations in albumin levels during the course of Covid-19 critical illness, but not for the sepsis-induced ARDS. Our findings suggest the metabolic effects of COVID-19 are pathogen-specific and albumin recovery may signal the cessation of a deleterious immune response in this disease.

In less than nine months, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) killed over a million people, including >25,000 in New York City (NYC) alone. The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 highlights clinical needs to detect infection, track strain evolution, and identify biomarkers of disease course. To address these challenges, we designed a fast (30-minute) colorimetric test (LAMP) for SARS-CoV-2 infection from naso/oropharyngeal swabs and a large-scale shotgun metatranscriptomics platform (total-RNA-seq) for host, viral, and microbial profiling. We applied these methods to clinical specimens gathered from 669 patients in New York City during the first two months of the outbreak, yielding a broad molecular portrait of the emerging COVID-19 disease. We find significant enrichment of a NYC-distinctive clade of the virus (20C), as well as host responses in interferon, ACE, hematological, and olfaction pathways. In addition, we use 50,821 patient records to find that renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors have a protective effect for severe COVID-19 outcomes, unlike similar drugs. Finally, spatial transcriptomic data from COVID-19 patient autopsy tissues reveal distinct ACE2 expression loci, with macrophage and neutrophil infiltration in the lungs. These findings can inform public health and may help develop and drive SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic, prevention, and treatment strategies.

The ratio leptin/soluble leptin receptor (sOB-r), free leptin index (FLI), is used as a marker of leptin sensitivity/resistance in different pathologies. The aim of this study was to evaluate FLI in healthy non-pregnant, healthy pregnant and mild preeclamptic women during pregnancy. We conducted a nested case-control study within a longitudinal observational prospective cohort study. Serum leptin (p=0.0001) and sOB-r (p=0.0000) levels rose significantly throughout pregnancy in healthy pregnant and preeclamptic women [leptin (p=0.0000); sOB-r (p=0.0380)]. Serum leptin levels were significantly higher in preeclamptic compared to healthy pregnant women at 2nd (p=0.0245) and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy (p=0.0016). Additionally, serum sOB-r levels were significantly lower in preeclamptic women during the 2nd (p=0.0236) and 3rd trimester (p=0.0024) of pregnancy compared to healthy pregnant women. Moreover, we found that FLI did not vary significantly during any of the three periods studied in healthy pregnant women (p=0.7640), whereas, increased throughout preeclamptic pregnancy (p=0.0037). Indeed, FLI was significantly higher at 2nd (p=0.0053) and 3rd (p=0.0003) trimesters of pregnancy in preeclamptic compared to healthy pregnant women. Additionally, FLI was significantly higher during luteal phase compared to the follicular phase (p=0.0039). These results demonstrate that FLI increases significantly in preeclamptic pregnant women towards the end of pregnancy.

Degranulation, a fundamental effector response from mast cells (MCs) and platelets, is an example of regulated exocytosis. This process is mediated by SNARE proteins and their regulators. We have previously shown that several of these proteins are essential for exocytosis in MCs and platelets. Here, we assessed the role of the SNARE protein SNAP23 using conditional knockout mice, in which SNAP23 was selectively deleted from either the megakaryocyte/platelet or connective tissue MC lineages. We found that removal of SNAP23 in platelets results in severe defects in degranulation of all three platelet secretory granule types, i.e., alpha, dense, and lysosomal granules. The mutation also induces thrombocytopenia, abnormal platelet morphology and activation, and reduction in the number of alpha granules. Therefore, the degranulation defect might not be secondary to an intrinsic failure of the machinery mediating regulated exocytosis in platelets. When we removed SNAP23 expression in MCs, there was a complete developmental failure in vitro and in vivo. The developmental defects in platelets and MCs and the abnormal translocation of membrane proteins to the surface of platelets indicate that SNAP23 is also involved in constitutive exocytosis in these cells. The MC conditional deletant animals lacked connective tissue MCs, but their mucosal MCs were normal and expanded in response to an antigenic stimulus. We used this mouse to show that connective tissue MCs are required and mucosal MCs are not sufficient for an anaphylactic response.

This study aimed to determine ANGPTL3 serum levels in healthy young lean and obese non-diabetic men during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and correlate them with anthropometric, biochemical and hormonal parameters. A case–control study was carried out and 30 young obese non-diabetic (23.90 ± 3.84 years and BMI 37.92 ± 4.85 kg/m2) and 28 age-matched healthy lean (24.56 ± 3.50 years and BMI of 22.10 ± 1.72 kg/m2) men were included in this study. The primary outcome measures were serum basal ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL3–area under the curve (AUC) levels. The percentage of body fat was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and biochemical, hormonal and insulin resistance indices were determined. Basal ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL3–AUC levels were significantly elevated (p, Centro de Investigaciones Inmunológicas Básicas y Aplicadas

Poor glycemic control is associated with central nervous system complications. We have previously shown that compared to healthy controls, individuals with uncontrolled T2DM have a blunted rise in brain glucose levels measured by 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). In this study, we investigate whether reduction in HbA1C improves intracerebral glucose levels. Six T2DM subjects with poor glycemic control were recruited (4F, age 46.0 ± 8.8 yrs, BMI 34.2 ± 4.1 kg/m2, HgbA1c 9.6 ± 1.1%) to participate in 1HMRS scanning at 4 Tesla during a hyperglycemic clamp (∼220 mg/dl) before and after a 12-week intervention to improve glycemic control through use of continuous glucose monitoring, intensification of diabetes regimen, and frequent visits with an endocrinologist and nutritionist. Following the intervention, HbA1c decreased by 2.1%±1.5 (P=0.02) with minimal BMI changes (P=0.10). Using a hierarchical linear regression model to compare glucose time courses during the clamp pre and post intervention, brain glucose levels were modestly and significantly higher during the clamp after the intervention (P=0.02) despite no differences in plasma glucose levels during the clamp (P=0.45). These findings suggest that brain glucose levels increase after improvement of glycemic control and provide evidence that reducing HbA1C may improve brain glucose transport and/or metabolism. Disclosure E. Sanchez Rangel: None. F. Gunawan: None. L. Jiang: None. M. Savoye: None. F. Dai: None. D.L. Rothman: None. G.F. Mason: None. J.J. Hwang: Research Support; Self; General Electric. Funding National Institutes of Health (DK109284)

[En] Cobalt-silicon oxycarbide materials (Co–SiOC) have been produced through the polymer-derived ceramic route by incorporating Cobalt acetate in different proportions. HF etching of the obtained materials leads to obtaining C-rich Co–SiOC materials where the constituent phases present different characteristics. The SiO units that were the most vulnerable to the chemical attack were the most tensioned ones which are connected at the edges of the graphitic planes. The carbonaceous nanostructures in the HF-etched materials present a different ordering degree which is related with the microstructural characteristics of the pyrolyzed precursors. In addition, the electrochemical performance turns out to be dependent not solely on the Co content but also to the graphitization degree of the carbonaceous phase., A. Tamayo acknowledges the financial support from Fundacion General CSIC and the program COMFUTURO. This research has been developed under the frame of the project MAT2016-78700-R from the Spanish Ministry of Economics and Competitiveness. We want to acknowledge Lucia Salvador for her inestimable assistance in the electrochemical measurements.

Introduction: During pregnancy, several maternal metabolic adaptations occur. One of these adaptations is the significant changes in lipid metabolism which contribute to the nutrient balance of the fetal-placental unit, essential for fetal development and lactation.Methods: In this study, serum concentration of different fatty acids in healthy pregnant women and three months postpartum were determined by capillary gas chromatography and compared to healthy non-pregnant women and men. Differences between groups were assessed with one-way analyses of variance and the post hoc Tukey-HSD test for multiple comparisons. The Mann-Whitney U test was used when a variable was not normally distributed. All statistical analyses were conducted using R statistical Software (version 3.3.1).Results: The results showed that serum levels of these maternal fatty acids increased significantly from the middle until the end of pregnancy compared to non-pregnant women and decreased at postpartum. Saturated fatty acids were observed to contribute to the highest percentage of total serum fatty acids during gestation, followed by polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. Additionally, serum levels of total, saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated and TRAN’s fatty acids were significantly elevated in healthy non-pregnant women when compared with men.Conclusion: There are significant differences in the lipid profiles among pregnant and non-pregnant women and men, with a decrease in the serum profile of all fatty acids in the postpartum period.

Metabolic changes have been correlated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. The aim of the present study is to determine the TyG and TG/HDL-c indices in a cohort of healthy pregnant (n=142), preeclamptic (n=18), and healthy nonpregnant women (n=56). Preeclamptic women were selected from the same cohort. Pregnant women were followed during three periods of pregnancy and postpartum. The results showed a significant increase in the values of TyG and TG/HDL-c (p<0.01) as pregnancy progresses, without significant differences between healthy and preeclamptic women. TyG and TG/HDL-c indices are significantly low in nonpregnant and three months’ postpartum women when compared with each gestational period studied. TyG and TG/HDL-c indices are positively correlated with HOMA-IR in the early and middle pregnancy (p<0.05). Multiple linear regression using the TyG and TG/HDL-c indices as dependent variables showed that TyG index was significantly associated with HOMA-IR, gestational age, HDL-c, TC, LDL, fasting insulin, and mean BP (p<0.001); meanwhile, TG/HDL-c index was only associated with HOMA-IR (p<0.0242) and gestational age (p<0.001). In conclusion, the TyG and TG/HDL-c indices could be useful in monitoring insulin resistance during pregnancy.