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1. Evaluation of an Integrated Health Promotion Program for a low‐income urban population: Findings and lessons learned

Author

Alba Redrovan, Kianna Lamourt, Ada Reso, Ivana A Vaughn, Colin Edgar, Christopher Leto, Marta Fernandes, Elizabeth Quint, and Linda Weiss

Subjects
Program evaluation, medicine.medical_specialty, Urban Population, health promotion, Population, Overweight, POPULATIONS AT RISK ACROSS THE LIFESPAN, minority health, medicine, Humans, Program Evaluations, Obesity, education, Exercise, Poverty, General Nursing, education.field_of_study, Behavior change, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, program evaluation, Populations at Risk across the Lifespan–Program Evaluations, Health indicator, Focus group, United States, Health promotion, nutrition, disease management, Family medicine, Community health, Female, medicine.symptom, Psychology
Abstract

Objectives To evaluate a multicomponent pilot program for low-income individuals with, or at risk for, hypertension, diabetes, and/or overweight. Design Pre-post evaluation including baseline and follow-up assessments, satisfaction surveys, program utilization data, and focus groups. Sample The evaluation included 138 participants. The majority were Latinx (88%), female (82%), born outside the United States (80%), and had not graduated from high school (52%). The most common health conditions were hypertension (59%), overweight or obesity (55%), high cholesterol (53%), and diabetes (34%). Measurements Engagement in program activities, health indicators (e.g., blood pressure), and behavior change. Qualitative data focused on perceptions of the program and its impacts. Intervention The program offered a number of health promotion services, including consultation with a nurse and a community health worker (CHW), health and nutrition talks, subsidized farm shares, cooking classes, exercise classes, and home visits. Results There were improvements in general health, blood pressure, and knowledge and behavior related to disease management and healthy eating. Conclusions Program success was attributed to the wide range of complementary program components. The staffing model was also a strength: the CHW/nurse collaboration combined clinical expertise with cultural, language, and community knowledge to create a program that was accessible and empowering.

Published
2020

2. An ENU-induced mutation of miR-96 associated with progressive hearing loss in mice

Author

Martin Hrabé de Angelis, Morag A. Lewis, Anton J. Enright, Karen P. Steel, Stijn van Dongen, Cordelia Langford, Tamas Dalmay, Anne M Glazier, Nick Redshaw, Cei Abreu-Goodger, M A Moreno-Pelayo, Elizabeth Quint, Helmut Fuchs, Matias Piipari, Enright, Anton [0000-0002-6090-3100], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Heterozygote, Hearing loss, Population, Mutant, DNA Mutational Analysis, Molecular Sequence Data, Mice, Inbred Strains, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Transfection, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Hair Cells, Auditory, Genetics, medicine, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, Gene silencing, Animals, education, Hearing Loss, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Mutation, Base Sequence, Microarray analysis techniques, Heterozygote advantage, Molecular biology, Mice, Inbred C57BL, MicroRNAs, medicine.anatomical_structure, Ethylnitrosourea, Hair cell, medicine.symptom, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Progressive hearing loss is common in the human population, but little is known about the molecular basis. We report a new N-ethyl-N-nitrosurea (ENU)-induced mouse mutant, diminuendo, with a single base change in the seed region of Mirn96. Heterozygotes show progressive loss of hearing and hair cell anomalies, whereas homozygotes have no cochlear responses. Most microRNAs are believed to downregulate target genes by binding to specific sites on their mRNAs, so mutation of the seed should lead to target gene upregulation. Microarray analysis revealed 96 transcripts with significantly altered expression in homozygotes; notably, Slc26a5, Ocm, Gfi1, Ptprq and Pitpnm1 were downregulated. Hypergeometric P-value analysis showed that hundreds of genes were upregulated in mutants. Different genes, with target sites complementary to the mutant seed, were downregulated. This is the first microRNA found associated with deafness, and diminuendo represents a model for understanding and potentially moderating progressive hair cell degeneration in hearing loss more generally.

Published
2009

3. Catweasel mice: A novel role for Six1 in sensory patch development and a model for branchio-oto-renal syndrome

Author

Helmut Fuchs, Martin Hrabé de Angelis, Karen P. Steel, Erika A. Bosman, and Elizabeth Quint

Subjects
Six1, Mouse, Mutant, Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4, medicine.disease_cause, Kidney, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Incus, Inner ear, Sensory patch, BOR, Serrate-Jagged Proteins, Genetics, Branchio-oto-renal syndrome, NeuroD, 0303 health sciences, Mutation, Behavior, Animal, Cell biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Hair cell, Branchio-Oto-Renal Syndrome, Jag1, mammalian inner-ear, in-situ hybridization, organ development, bor syndrome, mouse, expression, neurogenesis, mutations, family, kidney, JAG1, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutagenesis (molecular biology technique), Biology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Hair Cells, Auditory, medicine, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, Animals, Point Mutation, Amino Acid Sequence, Molecular Biology, Cochlea, 030304 developmental biology, Homeodomain Proteins, SOXB1 Transcription Factors, Calcium-Binding Proteins, Membrane Proteins, Cell Biology, medicine.disease, Embryo, Mammalian, Mice, Mutant Strains, Disease Models, Animal, Ear, Inner, Ethylnitrosourea, sense organs, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Jagged-1 Protein, Mutagens, Developmental Biology
Abstract

Large-scale mouse mutagenesis initiatives have provided new mouse mutants that are useful models of human deafness and vestibular dysfunction. Catweasel is a novel N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-induced mutation. Heterozygous catweasel mutant mice exhibit mild headtossing associated with a posterior crista defect. We mapped the catweasel mutation to a critical region of 13 Mb on chromosome 12 containing the Six1, -4 and -6 genes. We identified a basepair substitution in exon 1 of the Six1 gene that changes a conserved glutamic acid (E) at position 121 to a glycine (G) in the Six1 homeodomain. Cwe/Cwe animals lack Preyer and righting reflexes, display severe headshaking and have severely truncated cochlea and semicircular canals. Cwe/Cwe animals had very few hair cells in the utricle, but their ampullae and cochlea were devoid of any hair cells. Bmp4, Jag1 and Sox2 expression were largely absent at early stages of sensory development and NeuroD expression was reduced in the developing vestibulo-acoustic ganglion. Lastly we show that Six1 genetically interacts with Jag1. We propose that the catweasel phenotype is due to a hypomorphic mutation in Six1 and that catweasel mice are a suitable model for branchio-oto-renal syndrome. In addition Six1 has a pivotal role in early sensory patch development and may act in the same genetic pathway as Jag1.

Published
2009
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4. Mutation of Celsr1 Disrupts Planar Polarity of Inner Ear Hair Cells and Causes Severe Neural Tube Defects in the Mouse

Author

Ruth M. Arkell, Patrick M. Nolan, Andrew J. Copp, Philip Stanier, Steve D.M. Brown, Ian C. Gray, Karen P. Steel, Deborah J. Henderson, Jennifer N. Murdoch, Nigel K. Spurr, Bruce Cattanach, Vicky Tsipouri, Elizabeth M. C. Fisher, Elizabeth Quint, and John A. Curtin

Subjects
Frizzled, Polarity (physics), Mutation, Missense, Biology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled, Mice, Cell polarity, medicine, Animals, Neural Tube Defects, In Situ Hybridization, Genetics, chemistry.chemical_classification, Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner, Agricultural and Biological Sciences(all), Convergent extension, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all), Neural tube, Cell Polarity, Chromosome Mapping, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Cell biology, Dishevelled, Neurulation, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Organ of Corti, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Signal Transduction
Abstract

We identified two novel mouse mutants with abnormal head-shaking behavior and neural tube defects during the course of independent ENU mutagenesis experiments. The heterozygous and homozygous mutants exhibit defects in the orientation of sensory hair cells in the organ of Corti, indicating a defect in planar cell polarity. The homozygous mutants exhibit severe neural tube defects as a result of failure to initiate neural tube closure. We show that these mutants, spin cycle and crash, carry independent missense mutations within the coding region of Celsr1, encoding a large protocadherin molecule [1]. Celsr1 is one of three mammalian homologs of Drosophila flamingo/starry night, which is essential for the planar cell polarity pathway in Drosophila together with frizzled, dishevelled, prickle, strabismus/van gogh, and rhoA[2, 3]. The identification of mouse mutants of Celsr1 provides the first evidence for the function of the Celsr family in planar cell polarity in mammals and further supports the involvement of a planar cell polarity pathway in vertebrate neurulation.

Published
2003
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5. The zebrafish scyba gene encodes a novel CXC-type chemokine with distinctive expression patterns in the vestibulo-acoustic system during embryogenesis

Author

Elizabeth Quint, Shuo Lin, Marc Ekker, and Qiaoming Long

Subjects
Chemokine, Embryology, animal structures, DNA, Complementary, Molecular Sequence Data, Hindbrain, Biology, Mice, Animals, Humans, Amino Acid Sequence, Otic placode, Neural cell, Zebrafish, Genetics, Base Sequence, Gene Expression Profiling, Brain, Zebrafish Proteins, biology.organism_classification, Cell biology, Gene expression profiling, embryonic structures, COS Cells, biology.protein, Otic vesicle, Otic Placodes, Chemokines, CXC, Developmental Biology
Abstract

Chemokines, in addition to their characterized functions as immune modulators, also play a role in developmental processes such as neural cell migration. Although, chemokines have been described in human, mouse and other vertebrate species, they have yet to be characterized in zebrafish. In this paper, we report the isolation and expression analysis of scyba, a zebrafish gene encoding a CXC-type chemokine protein. During early segmentation, scyba transcripts are detected in the midbrain region and the otic placodes. At later developmental stages, scyba expression is restricted to a subset of hindbrain commissural neurons and to the hair-cell sensory patches of the otic vesicle and lateral-line neuromasts.

Published
2000
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6. Differential expression of orthologousDlx genes in zebrafish and mice: Implications for the evolution of theDlx homeobox gene family

Author

Marc Ekker, Elizabeth Quint, and Ted Zerucha

Subjects
Genetics, animal structures, DLX3, fungi, DLX2, General Medicine, DLX6, Biology, DLX5, biology.organism_classification, Somitogenesis, embryonic structures, Gene duplication, Homeobox, Animal Science and Zoology, Zebrafish
Abstract

Dlx homeobox genes of vertebrates are often organised as physically linked pairs in which the two genes are transcribed convergently (tail-to-tail arrangement). Three such Dlx pairs have been found in mouse, human, and zebrafish and are thought to have originated from the duplication of an ancestral gene pair. These pairs include Dlx1/Dlx2, Dlx7/Dlx3, and Dlx6/Dlx5 (the zebrafish orthologue of Dlx5 is named dlx4). Expression patterns of physically linked Dlx genes overlap extensively. Furthermore, orthologous Dlx genes often show highly similar expression patterns. We analysed Dlx expression during the gastrula and early somitogenesis of the mouse and zebrafish. It was found that expression of the mouse Dlx6 gene takes place in the rostral ectoderm and presumptive olfactory and otic placodes with patterns similar to the previously reported expression of the physically linked Dlx5 gene. However, we observed only very weak expression of the mouse Dlx3 gene at the same stage. This contrasts with the expression of dlx genes in zebrafish where dlx3 and dlx7, but not dlx4 and dlx6 are expressed during gastrulation in the rostral ectoderm and presumptive placodes. Thus, Dlx expression patterns at early stages are better conserved between paralogous pairs of physically linked genes than between orthologous pairs. This suggests that early expression of Dlx genes existed prior to the duplications that led to the multiple pairs of physically linked genes but was differentially conserved in different paralogs in zebrafish and mice. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 288:235–241, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Published
2000
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7. The effect of explantation and neomycin on hair cells and supporting cells in organotypic cultures of the adult guinea-pig utricle

Author

David N. Furness, Carole M. Hackney, and Elizabeth Quint

Subjects
Stereocilia (inner ear), Guinea Pigs, Population, Cell Count, Biology, Andrology, Guinea pig, Organ Culture Techniques, Utricle, Hair Cells, Auditory, medicine, Animals, Saccule and Utricle, education, Cells, Cultured, Cell Nucleus, Stereocilium, education.field_of_study, integumentary system, Aminoglycoside, Neomycin, Anatomy, Sensory Systems, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Microscopy, Electron, medicine.anatomical_structure, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, sense organs, Hair cell, medicine.drug
Abstract

Recent reports suggest that immature hair bundles are observed following aminoglycoside-induced hair-cell loss in the mammalian utricle in vitro as well as in vivo. It is therefore important to document the initial morphological changes associated with both culturing and aminoglycoside application so that degeneration can be clearly distinguished from regeneration. In this study, utricles from adult guinea pigs were maintained in culture for either 3 or 8 days, half being exposed to neomycin for days 2 and 3. They were then processed for microscopical examination and compared with control utricles from animals of the same age. The numbers of hair-cell and supporting-cell nuclei were counted and hair-cell morphology assessed. Bundles were classified as having either stepped (SHB) or unstepped (UHB) stereocilia, and their density determined. The numbers of hair-cell, but not supporting-cell, nuclei declined significantly compared with controls in both untreated and treated explants, the greatest reduction occurring 5 days after neomycin administration. The density of SHBs also declined but there was no significant change in UHB density, resulting in a residual population of hair bundles of more immature appearance in both untreated and treated utricles in vitro than in vivo. Although degenerative events such as hair-cell ejection from, or retraction into, the sensory epithelium were observed, no evidence of regeneration was found.

Published
1998
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9. Mouse models for Usher syndrome 1B

Author

Concepcion, Lillo, Junko, Kitamoto, Xinran, Liu, Elizabeth, Quint, Karen P, Steel, and David S, Williams

Subjects
Dyneins, Syndrome, Deafness, Myosins, Mice, Mutant Strains, Retina, Disease Models, Animal, Mice, Mice, Neurologic Mutants, Myosin VIIa, Mutation, Animals, Alleles, Retinitis Pigmentosa
Abstract

Photoreceptor cell degeneration was not detected in any of the shaker1 alleles, except for a small but significant loss of photoreceptor cells found in Myo7a(4626SB/4626SB) mice that were also homozygous mutant for Cdh23v. Perhaps greater and/or faster photoreceptor cell loss that is dependent on mutant Myo7a can be effected by having additional mutant USH1 genes in the genetic background. In any case, it is argued that shaker1 mice are a useful model for testing USH1B gene therapy, due to the presence of mutant phenotypes other than photoreceptor cell death.

Published
2004

10. Use of mouse genetics for studying inner ear development

Author

Elizabeth, Quint and Karen P, Steel

Subjects
Endolymph, Mice, Auditory Pathways, Ear, Inner, Hair Cells, Auditory, Mutation, Animals, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Epithelial Cells, Organ of Corti
Published
2003

11. Use of Mouse Genetics for Studying Inner Ear Development

Author

Elizabeth Quint and Karen P. Steel

Subjects
Genetics, Regulation of gene expression, Mutation, Cellular differentiation, Mutant, Notch signaling pathway, Mutagenesis (molecular biology technique), Biology, medicine.disease_cause, medicine.anatomical_structure, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, medicine, biology.protein, Inner ear, sense organs, Prestin
Abstract

The analysis of mouse mutants has become an almost indispensable tool in modern biology. The understanding of inner ear development has been facilitated by the use of mice from chemical- and radiation-induced mutagenesis screens, as well as gene-targeting strategies such as knockout models. In particular, our understanding of hereditary gross malformations and neuroepithelial defects that underlie human deafness has been aided by the analysis of comparable gene defects in mice. Mice with mutations in transcription factor genes such as Pax2 and Hmx3 have illustrated the early compartmentalization of the otocyst, whereas defects in endolymph homeostasis, such as those found in Pendred syndrome, show how malformations of the inner ear can arise through fluid changes within it. In addition, a surprisingly large number of mice with hearing and balance problems exhibit defects in sensory hair cell differentiation. From these animals we have been able to identify key gene pathways, such as the Notch signaling pathway, that are involved in cell fate determination and maturation in the inner ear. We have also been able to identify some of the major structural, cytoskeletal components of the mechanotransducing hair cells, such as unconventional myosins and other motor proteins such as prestin. Analysis of mutant mice has been incredibly useful in the identification of functionally, and therefore clinically, important genes and together with recent molecular advances, such as the sequencing of the mouse genome, have taken mouse genetics to a new level that will surely make it indispensable in the future analysis of mammalian development.

Published
2003
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12. Bone patterning is altered in the regenerating zebrafish caudal fin after ectopic expression of sonic hedgehog and bmp2b or exposure to cyclopamine

Author

William Gaffield, Elizabeth Quint, Amanda Smith, Lynda Laforest, Fabien Avaron, Jennifer Miles, and Marie-Andrée Akimenko

Subjects
animal structures, Cyclopamine, Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2, Bone morphogenetic protein 2, Bone and Bones, Fin regeneration, chemistry.chemical_compound, Transforming Growth Factor beta, Animals, Regeneration, Hedgehog Proteins, Sonic hedgehog, Zebrafish, Body Patterning, DNA Primers, Dermal bone, Multidisciplinary, biology, Base Sequence, fungi, Veratrum Alkaloids, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Biological Sciences, Molecular biology, Cell biology, chemistry, embryonic structures, Bone Morphogenetic Proteins, biology.protein, Trans-Activators, Ectopic expression, Chordin, Blastema, Cell Division, Signal Transduction
Abstract

Amputation of the zebrafish caudal fin stimulates regeneration of the dermal skeleton and reexpression of sonic hedgehog (shh)-signaling pathway genes. Expression patterns suggest a role for shh signaling in the secretion and patterning of the regenerating dermal bone, but a direct role has not been demonstrated. We established an in vivo method of gene transfection to express ectopically genes in the blastema of regenerating fins. Ectopic expression of shh or bmp2 in the blastema-induced excess bone deposition and altered patterning of the regenerate. The effects of shh ectopic expression could be antagonized by ectopic expression of chordin, an inhibitor of bone morphogenetic protein (bmp) signaling. We disrupted shh signaling in the regenerating fin by exposure to cyclopamine and found a dose-dependent inhibition of fin outgrowth, accumulation of melanocytes in the distal region of each fin ray, loss of actinotrichia, and reduction in cell proliferation in the mesenchyme. Morphological changes were accompanied by an expansion, followed by a reduction, in domains of shh expression and a rapid abolition of ptc1 expression. These results implicate shh and bmp2b signaling in the proliferation and/or differentiation of specialized bone-secreting cells in the blastema and suggest shh expression may be controlled by regulatory feedback mechanisms that define the region of bone secretion in the outgrowing fin.

Published
2002

13. Protein Profiling of Psittacanthus calyculatus during Mesquite Infection

Author

Montserrat Aguilar-Venegas, Elizabeth Quintana-Rodríguez, Víctor Aguilar-Hernández, Claudia Marina López-García, Efraín Conejo-Dávila, Ligia Brito-Argáez, Víctor M. Loyola-Vargas, Julio Vega-Arreguín, and Domancar Orona-Tamayo

Subjects
Prosopis laevigata, infective stages, germination, seedling establishment, haustorium development, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract

Psittacanthus calyculatus is a hemiparasite mistletoe that represents an ecological problem due to the impacts caused to various tree species of ecological and commercial interest. Although the life cycle for the Psittacanthus genus is well established in the literature, the development stages and molecular mechanism implicated in P. calyculatus host infection are poorly understood. In this study, we used a manageable infestation of P. laevigata with P. calyculatus to clearly trace the infection, which allowed us to describe five phenological infective stages of mistletoe on host tree branches: mature seed (T1), holdfast formation (T2), haustorium activation (T3), haustorium penetration (T4), and haustorium connection (T5) with the host tree. Proteomic analyses revealed proteins with a different accumulation and cellular processes in infective stages. Activities of the cell wall-degrading enzymes cellulase and β-1,4-glucosidase were primarily active in haustorium development (T3), while xylanase, endo-glucanase, and peptidase were highly active in the haustorium penetration (T4) and xylem connection (T5). Patterns of auxins and cytokinin showed spatial concentrations in infective stages and moreover were involved in haustorium development. These results are the first evidence of proteins, cell wall-degrading enzymes, and phytohormones that are involved in early infection for the Psittacanthus genus, and thus represent a general infection mechanism for other mistletoe species. These results could help to understand the molecular dialogue in the establishment of P. calyculatus parasitism.

Published
2023
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14. Essential Oils from Colombian Plants: Antiviral Potential against Dengue Virus Based on Chemical Composition, In Vitro and In Silico Analyses

Author

Lina Silva-Trujillo, Elizabeth Quintero-Rueda, Elena E. Stashenko, Sergio Conde-Ocazionez, Paola Rondón-Villarreal, and Raquel E. Ocazionez

Subjects
dengue, dengue virus, essential oils, terpenes, Organic chemistry, QD241-441
Abstract

Currently, there are no therapies to prevent severe dengue disease. Essential oils (EOs) can serve as primary sources for research and the discovery of phytomedicines for alternative therapy. Fourteen EOs samples were obtained by distillation from six plants used in Colombian folk medicine. GC/MS analysis identified 125 terpenes. Cytopathic effect (CPE) reduction assays revealed differences in antiviral activity. EOs of Lippia alba, citral chemotype and carvone-rich fraction; Lippia origanoides, phellandrene chemotype; and Turnera diffusa, exhibited strong antiviral activity (IC50: 29 to 82 µg/mL; SI: 5.5 to 14.3). EOs of Piper aduncum, Ocimum basilicum, and L. origanoides, carvacrol, and thymol chemotypes, exhibited weak antiviral activity (32 to 53% DENV-CPE reduction at 100 µg/mL; SI > 5.0). Cluster and one-way ANOVA analyses suggest that the strong antiviral activity of EOs could be attributed to increased amounts of non-phenolic oxygenated monoterpenes and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. Docking analyses (AutoDock Vina) predicted binding affinity between the DENV-2 E protein and terpenes: twenty sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (−8.73 to −6.91 kcal/mol), eight oxygenated monoterpenes (−7.52 to −6.98 kcal/mol), and seven monoterpene hydrocarbons (−7.60 to −6.99 kcal/mol). This study reports for the first time differences in the antiviral activity of EOs against DENV, corresponding to their composition of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes.

Published
2022
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15. Focus groups inform a mobile health intervention to promote adherence to a Mediterranean diet and engagement in physical activity among people living with HIV

Author

Brook L. Henry, Elizabeth Quintana, David J. Moore, John Garcia, and Jessica L. Montoya

Subjects
Focus groups, Mediterranean diet, HIV, mHealth, Neurocognition, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background A personalized mobile health intervention (iSTEP) aims to promote a Mediterranean diet and increase physical activity, thereby improving neurocognitive functioning among persons living with HIV (PLWH). This article describes a qualitative study conducted to develop iSTEP for PLWH, including assessment of diet habits and preferences for tracking physical activity. Method Two focus groups, with seven and 13 PLWH respectively, discussed barriers and facilitators of a healthy diet and provided feedback to refine iSTEP components, including the feasibility of using a Fitbit and the content of text messages designed to encourage improved diet and physical activity. Results Focus group discussions revealed several healthy diet barriers, including housing instability, time required for food preparation, cost of healthy food, depression, gastrointestinal issues, physical disability, and changes in appetite since HIV diagnosis. Participant-identified healthy diet facilitators included affordable price options for healthy food, a structured food plan, desire to modify appearance or weight, access to medical professionals, motivation for disease prevention, and social support. Participants endorsed wearing a Fitbit on the wrist and receiving text messages as useful methods to monitor and encourage a better diet and greater physical activity. Conclusions These findings assisted the expansion of a mobile health intervention that promotes health behaviors in order to improve neurocognitive outcomes among PLWH. Trial registration NCT03123731, prospectively registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, April 21, 2017.

Published
2019
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16. Association between Obesity and COVID-19 Mortality in Peru: An Ecological Study

Author

Max Carlos Ramírez-Soto, Miluska Alarcón-Arroyo, Yajaira Chilcon-Vitor, Yelibeth Chirinos-Pérez, Gabriela Quispe-Vargas, Kelly Solsol-Jacome, and Elizabeth Quintana-Zavaleta

Subjects
COVID-19, pandemic, overweight, obesity, Peru, Medicine
Abstract

There is a gap in the epidemiological data on obesity and COVID-19 mortality in low and middle-income countries worst affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, including Peru. In this ecological study, we explored the association between body mass index (BMI), the prevalence of overweight and obesity, and the COVID-19 mortality rates in 25 Peruvian regions, adjusted for confounding factors (mean age in the region, mean income, gender balance and number of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) beds) using multiple linear regression. We retrieved secondary region-level data on the BMI average and prevalence rates of overweight and obesity in individuals aged ≥ 15 years old, from the Peruvian National Demographics and Health Survey (ENDES 2020). COVID-19 death statistics were obtained from the National System of Deaths (SINADEF) from the Peruvian Ministry of Health and were accurate as of 3 June 2021. COVID-19 mortality rates (per 100,000 habitants) were calculated among those aged ≥ 15 years old. During the study period, a total of 190,046 COVID-19 deaths were registered in individuals aged ≥ 15 years in 25 Peruvian regions. There was association between the BMI (r = 0.74; p = 0.00001) and obesity (r = 0.76; p = 0.00001), and the COVID-19 mortality rate. Adjusted for confounding factors, only the prevalence rate of obesity was associated with COVID-19 mortality rate (β = 0.585; p = 0.033). These findings suggest that as obesity prevalence increases, the COVID-19 mortality rates increase in the Peruvian population ≥ 15 years. These findings can help to elucidate the high COVID-19 mortality rates in Peru.

Published
2021
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17. Desafíos en la enseñanza de lenguas indígenas: el caso del mapudungun en el Programa de Educación Intercultural Bilingüe (PEIB) de Chile

Author

Cecilia Quintrileo Llancao and Elizabeth Quintrileo Llancao

Subjects
Interculturalidad. Lengua mapuche. Educación Intercultural, Romanic languages, PC1-5498, Philology. Linguistics, P1-1091
Abstract

Las políticas lingüísticas del Estado chileno han privilegiado el monolingüismo, en detrimento del bilingüismo, de manera que las lenguas indígenas han sido sistemáticamente excluidas del ámbito educativo. Sin embargo, en los últimos años, se han implementado políticas de revitalización de las lenguas minoritarias, mediante la inclusión de las lenguas indígenas en curriculum escolar nacional, lo que implica un cambio de paradigma en relación con las políticas de planificación lingüística, como también la reconstrucción de identidades lingüísticas para sus hablantes. Una de las políticas de revitalización es el Programa Intercultural Bilingüe en Chile, el cual es analizado en este artículo enfocándose en sus orientaciones didácticas, y específicamente, concentrándose en el caso del mapudungun, lengua hablada por el pueblo mapuche en Chile. Dicho análisis se lleva a cabo considerando algunos principios del enfoque comunicativo de enseñanza de lenguas (RICHARDS y RODGER, 2001; SAVIGNON, 2002) para posteriormente aportar con una serie de sugerencias metodológicas para la enseñanza de las lenguas indígenas. Entre las sugerencias metodológicas se destacan las necesidades del aprendiz y el diseño de actividades didácticas situadas en el contexto de aula comunicativa. Con respecto a las necesidades del aprendiz, se propone una metodología de base cooperativa, es decir, de todos los entes involucrados en el proceso formativo, considerando: a) las necesidades del alumno, y b) el diseño de actividades didácticas situadas en un contexto de ‘aula comunicativa’, con énfasis en el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa. Desafortunadamente, la integración de este último actor en el sistema escolar se obstaculiza lo cual impide la enseñanza de la lengua indígena, por ende se interrumpe el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa, por lo cual se hace necesaria la participación activa tanto de los educadores tradicionales como de la comunidad indígena, ya que, la comunicación es parte fundamental de la tradición oral del mundo indígena. Concretamente, se propone un levantamiento de metodologías basadas en la comunidad y con un enfoque colaborativo que apunten a cubrir las necesidades comunicativas del alumno, a través actividades didácticas situadas.

Published
2018

18. Biochemical Traits in the Flower Lifetime of a Mexican Mistletoe Parasitizing Mesquite Biomass

Author

Elizabeth Quintana-Rodríguez, Alan Gamaliel Ramírez-Rodríguez, Enrique Ramírez-Chávez, Jorge Molina-Torres, Xicotencatl Camacho-Coronel, José Esparza-Claudio, Martin Heil, and Domancar Orona-Tamayo

Subjects
floral phenology, volatile organic compounds, nectar chemistry, floral cell wall invertase, carotenoids, Plant culture, SB1-1110
Abstract

Psittacanthus calyculatus is a hemiparasitic plant that infects a wide range of trees. Mainly the biology reproduction of this mistletoe lies in bright colored flower development. Furthermore, it uses the nectar secretion as the only reward to engage different flower visitors. We investigated the physiological mechanisms of the flower phenology per hour and per day to analyze the spatial-temporal patterns of the nectar secretion, Cell Wall Invertase Activity (key enzyme in the quality of nectar), nectar chemistry, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emission, synthesis of carotenoids and frequency of floral visitors. Flowers lasted 4 days, total nectar was loaded just before the anthesis and the secretion was maintained over day 1 and 2, decreased on day 3, and stopped on day 4. The diurnal nectar secretion dynamic per hour on day 1 and 2 showed similar patterns with high production on the morning and a decrease in the afternoon, the secretion declined on day 3 and ceased on day 4. On the other hand, CWIN activity per day was less before the anthesis and increased on day 1 and 2, this enzymatic activity decreased on the old flower phenology. Moreover, diurnal CWIN activities showed different patterns in the morning, noon, and lastly in the afternoon. Nectar chemistry varied significantly throughout of the flower lifetime, sucrose decreased along the flower phenology increasing glucose and fructose. Amino acids showed the prevalence of proline and oxo-proline, both increased on the day 1 and diminished in subsequent old flower stages. The spatial VOCs emission showed the presence of 11 compounds being β-ocimene the main volatile; its release increased on day 1 and remained constant in the flower lifetime. Lutein, lycopene, and β-carotene were concentrated in old stages of the flowers. In field, the most frequent flower visitors were the hummingbirds that usually foraging in all phenologic flower stage and their foraging events decreased with the phenological flower lifetimes. The results showed that these traits presented by P. calyculatus flowers are able to engage and manipulate the behavior of flower visitors and contribute to the reproduction of the parasitic plant.

Published
2018
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19. Actividad antiproliferativa de aceites esenciales de plantas cultivadas en Colombia

Author

Sindi Alejandra Velandia, Elizabeth Quintero, Elena E Stashenko, and Raquel E Ocazionez

Subjects
aceite esencial, apoptosis, cáncer, fitoterapia, MTT., Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Colombia posee gran diversidad de plantas medicinales, pero pocas han sido objeto de investigación. En este trabajo se evaluó la actividad antiproliferativa de aceites esenciales obtenidos por hidrodestilación asistida por microondas. Se analizaron 15 muestras de 11 especies en ensayos del MTT en células cancerosas MCF-7, HeLa y HepG-2 y se incluyeron células normales humanas (HEK293) y de animales (Vero y BF16F10) para evaluar selectividad. La composición química de muestras activas se determinó por cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas (GC-MS). Aceites esenciales de cuatro especies mostraron actividad antiproliferativa (CI50: 50 μg/mL) en células HeLa y/o MCF-7, en el siguiente rango (índice de selectividad en paréntesis): Piper cumanense H.B.K. (4,7) > Piper subflavum var. espejuelanum C.DC (3,9) > Salvia officinalis L. (3,6) > Piper eriopodom (Miq.) C. DC. (3,1). Ninguna muestra fue activa en células HepG-2. El análisis por CG-MS identificó β-cariofileno, α-copaeno, β-pineno, α-pineno y linalol como componentes mayoritarios. Los aceites esenciales activos pueden ser punto de partida para desarrollo de medicamentos herbales para cuidado paliativo del cáncer.

Published
2018
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20. Aislamiento de Cryptococcus gattii serotipo B a partir de detritos de Eucalyptus spp. en Colombia.

Author

Patricia Escandón, Elizabeth Quintero, Diana Granados, Sandra Huérfano, Alejandro Ruiz, and Elizabeth Castañeda

Subjects
habitat, Cryptococcus, Eucalyptus, phenotype, virulence, Medicine, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962
Abstract

Introducción. Cryptococcus gattii serotipo B ha sido asociado con diferentes especies de árboles en regiones tropicales y subtropicales. Este serotipo es el segundo de mayor importancia clínica en Colombia, pero no se había recuperado del ambiente en ninguno de los estudios realizados por nuestro grupo. Objetivo. Para establecer la presencia y distribución de las especies del complejo C. neoformans, especialmente del serotipo B, y determinar algunas características fenotípicas relacionadas con la virulencia de los aislamientos recuperados, se diseñó un muestreo de material vegetal en un bosque de piso térmico frío del departamento de Cundinamarca. Materiales y métodos. Durante febrero y marzo de 2003 se realizaron 4 muestreos en el bosque y se tomaron 167 muestras de detritos de eucaliptos y 28 muestras de otras especies de árboles, las cuales se procesaron empleando el método convencional de extracción y siembra en medio selectivo. Se determinó el tamaño celular y capsular en los filtrados, el crecimiento a 37°C, la virulencia en un modelo animal y la pareja sexual por PCR. Resultados. Se aisló C. gattii serotipo B de 46 muestras de eucaliptos (27,5%). El tamaño celular en el extracto estuvo entre 3,10 y 4,15 ?m y el tamaño capsular entre 0,30 y 0,46 ?m. Los 46 aislamientos crecieron a 37°C, pero ninguno de los dos aislamientos empleados causó la muerte de los animales inoculados durante los 70 días de observación. Todos los aislamientos fueron pareja sexual a. Conclusiones. Este estudio es el primer informe sobre el aislamiento de C. gattii, serotipo B, pareja sexual a, en Colombia a partir de detritos de eucaliptos.

Published
2005
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21. Structure of the Peruvian Educational System

Author

Elizabeth Quinteros Hijar

Subjects
Education, Special aspects of education, LC8-6691
Abstract

El presente artículo busca dar a conocer acerca del Sistema Educativo Peruano y compartir la experiencia de trabajo efectuado en mi país desde el Área de Desarrollo Curricular en Educación Secundaria, pues considero que estando en la Era de la Información, es preciso emprender una labor pedagógica que apunte no sólo al manejo de información, sino además a disponer de un conjunto de capacidades y valores que contribuya a la formación integral de los estudiantes, de modo que les habilite su tránsito a la vida en sociedad. El presente documento ha tomado como base los referentes normativos y legales del Ministerio de Educación de mi país y que se encuentran en vigencia, tales como la Ley General de Educación Nº 28044, y el Diseño Curricular Nacional de la Educación Básica Regular - Proceso de Articulación aprobado mediante Resolución Ministerial Nº 0667-2005-ED.

Published
2007

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