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1. 'We Are Protected': Examining Youth Perceptions of Safety within a Faith-Based Positive Youth Development Program in El Salvador

Author

Samuel Hay, Jonathan M. Tirrell, Jacqueline Lerner, Elizabeth Dowling, Alistair T. R. Sim, Pamela E. King, Jennifer M. Vaughn, Guillermo Iraheta, and Richard Lerner

Abstract

Perceptions of program safety for youth might include such features as physical safety, psychological safety, and social-relational safety. A holistic sense of safety, or one that inclusively encompasses and integrates features of, and relations with, the ecology in which youth develop, could be engendered through programmatic designs that attend to the dynamic relations among physical, psychological, and social-relational safety. Having a better understanding of the phenomenology of safety among program participants, and how such perceptions function in youth programs would enable positive youth development (PYD) program practitioners to better align their conceptions -- that is, their "objective" definitions -- of program safety with the phenomenological experiences of youth and, in so doing, better promote PYD and thriving outcomes. The present study was informed by preliminary quantitative findings emerging from the broader Compassion International (CI) Study of PYD (Lerner et al., 2019; Tirrell et al., 2021; Tirrell, Gansert, et al., 2019; Tirrell, Geldhof, et al., 2019). As described in this article, youth who engaged in CI-supported programs in El Salvador reported feeling safe at the CI programs, but also reported feeling generally unsafe, and worrying about their safety, in the broader contexts of their lives.

Published
2024

2. From Concept to Practice: Using the School Health Index to Create Healthy School Environments in Rhode Island Elementary Schools

Author

Deborah N. Pearlman, PhD, Elizabeth Dowling, MPH, Cheryl Bayuk, Kathleen Cullinen, MS, RD,, and Ann Kelsey Thacher, MS

Subjects
public health, chronic disease, prevention, School Health Index, Rhode Island, elementary schools, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Introduction The prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing, and schools are ideal places to support healthy eating and physical activity. In 2000, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) developed the School Health Index, a self-assessment and planning tool that helps schools evaluate and improve physical activity and nutrition programs and policies. Although many state education agencies, health departments, and individual schools have used the School Health Index, few systematic evaluations of the tool have been performed. We examined the physical activity and nutrition environments in Rhode Island’s public elementary schools with high and low minority student enrollments and evaluated a school-based environmental and policy intervention that included implementation of the School Health Index. Methods As part of a CDC Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity cooperative agreement awarded to the Rhode Island Department of Health, we conducted a needs assessment of 102 elementary schools and implemented an intervention in four inner-city elementary schools. In phase 1, we analyzed the Rhode Island Needs Assessment Tool (RINAT), a telephone survey of principals in approximately 50% of all Rhode Island public elementary schools in the state during the 2001–2002 school year (n = 102). Comparisons of the nutrition and physical activity environments of schools with low and high minority enrollment were calculated by cross-tabulation with the chi-square test. In phase 2, we used process and outcome evaluation data to assess the use of the School Health Index in creating healthier environments in schools. Our intervention — Eat Healthy and Get Active! — involved implementing three of the eight School Health Index modules in four Rhode Island elementary schools. Results Survey data revealed that schools with high minority enrollment (student enrollment of ≥10% black, ≥25% Hispanic, or both) offered few programs supporting healthy eating and physical activity (P < .05). Schools with high and low minority enrollment both offered nonnutritious foods and beverages. Process evaluation data revealed that 1) principals play a pivotal role on School Health Index teams, 2) schoolwide validation of a team’s small successes is crucial for sustaining a commitment to healthy lifestyle policies and programs, and 3) external facilitators are essential for implementation success. Outcome data showed that all schools developed at least one policy or environmental strategy to create a healthy school environment. Only two schools implemented immediate changes. Conclusion Needs assessment, external facilitation, and evaluation are the foundation for sustainable school-based policies. Although the School Health Index is universally perceived as a user-friendly assessment tool, implementation is likely to be less successful in schools with low staff morale, budgetary constraints, and inconsistent administrator support.

Published
2005

3. A Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification assay for identification of Botrytis fragariae on strawberry

Author

Alejandra Vielba-Fernández, Madeline Elizabeth Dowling, Guido Schnabel, and Dolores Fernandez-Ortuno

Subjects
Plant Science, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

Gray mold in strawberry is caused by multiple species of Botrytis, including Botrytis cinerea, B. pseudocinerea, B. fragariae, and B. mali. The species B. cinerea and B. fragariae are widespread in production regions of the eastern United States and Germany, and their distinction is important for disease management strategies. Currently, the only way to differentiate these species in field samples is by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and costly. In this study, a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique was developed based on species-specific NEP2 gene nucleotide sequences. The designed primer set specifically amplified B. fragariae DNA and no other Botrytis species (B. cinerea, B. mali and B. pseudocinerea) or plant pathogens. The LAMP assay was able to amplify fragments from DNA extracted from infected fruit using a rapid DNA extraction protocol, confirming its ability to detect low amounts of B. fragaria DNA from field-infected fruit. In addition, a blind test was performed to identify B. fragariae in 51 samples collected from strawberry fields in the eastern United States using the LAMP technique. The B. fragariae samples were identified with a reliability of 93.5% (29/32), and none of the B. cinerea, B. pseudocinerea or B. mali samples included in the test were amplified in 10 minutes. Our results show that the LAMP technique is a specific and reliable method for the detection of B. fragariae from infected fruit tissue and can help to control this important disease in the field.

Published
2023

7. Tolerance, Intolerance, and Recognition in Early Christianity and Early Judaism

Author

Outi Lehtipuu, Michael Labahn, Elizabeth Dowling, Ismo Dunderberg, Galit Hasan-Rokem, Amy-Jill Levine, Paul Middleton, Nina Nikki, Carmen Palmer, Anna-Liisa Rafael, Sami Yli-Karjanmaa, and Israel Yuval

Subjects
Judaism, Philosophy, Early Christianity, Religious studies
Abstract

This collection of essays investigates signs of toleration, recognition, respect and other positive forms of interaction between and within religious groups of late antiquity. At the same time, it acknowledges that examples of tolerance are significantly fewer in ancient sources than examples of intolerance and are often limited to insiders, while outsiders often met with contempt, or even outright violence. The essays take both perspectives seriously by analysing the complexity pertaining to these encounters. Religious concerns, ethnicity, gender and other social factors central to identity formation were often intertwined and they yielded different ways of drawing the limits of tolerance and intolerance. This book enhances our understanding of the formative centuries of Jewish and Christian religious traditions. It also brings the results of historical inquiry into dialogue with present-day questions of religious tolerance. The book contains contributions by Ismo Dunderberg, Carmen Palmer, Michael Labahn, Nina Nikki, Anna-Liisa Rafael, Sami Yli-Karjanmaa, Galit Hasan-Rokem & Israel Yuval, Paul Middleton, Outi Lehtipuu, Elizabeth Dowling, and Amy-Jill Levine.

Published
2021

8. A first-in-human phase Ia/b, open-label, multicenter study of the TRAILR2 agonist BI 905711 in patients (pts) with advanced gastrointestinal (GI) cancers

Author

James J. Harding, Ralf-Dieter Hofheinz, Elena Elez, Yasutoshi Kuboki, Drew W. Rasco, Michael Cecchini, Lin Shen, Elizabeth Dowling, Shorena Archuadze, Bruna Andrade de Pereira, and Shubham Pant

Subjects
Cancer Research, Oncology
Abstract

TPS222 Background: Activation of the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor 2 (TRAILR2) induces apoptosis via caspase activation. Targeting TRAILR2 is an attractive therapeutic strategy, but some early TRAILR2 agonists were associated with severe hepatotoxicity. Cadherin 17 (CDH17), a membrane protein highly expressed in GI cancers, is not expressed in normal hepatocytes so using CDH17 as a liver-sparing anchor may avoid hepatotoxicity. BI 905711 is a tetravalent bispecific antibody that cross-links TRAILR2 with CDH17 to induce CDH17-dependent TRAILR2 oligomerisation. In preclinical assays, BI 905711 demonstrated a potency shift of ̃1000 fold versus the 1st-generation TRAILR2 agonist lexatumumab. BI 905711 induced apoptosis in CDH17-positive tumor cells in vitro, impaired tumor growth in pt-derived colorectal cancer (CRC) xenografts, and no hepatotoxicity was observed. Methods: This phase Ia/Ib study (NCT04137289) aims to determine the safety, maximum tolerated dose (MTD), pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics, and preliminary efficacy of BI 905711 in pts with advanced, refractory GI cancers. Up to 140 adult pts with histologically confirmed, advanced unresectable/metastatic colorectal, gastric, esophageal or pancreatic adenocarcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, or gallbladder or small intestine carcinoma, who have progressed on standard-of-care therapies, will be enrolled. In phase Ia, pts will receive intravenous BI 905711 at escalating doses (range 0.02–4.8 mg/kg) every 14 days, until disease progression or unacceptable toxicities. Dose escalation will be guided by a Bayesian logistic regression model with overdose control based on dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) in the first 28 days. In phase Ia, a minimum number of CRC pts will be enrolled to each cohort: ≥1 CRC pt at each of the 2 lowest dose levels (0.02/0.06 mg/kg) and 4 pts at each subsequent dose level (0.2/0.6/1.2/2.4/3.6/4.8 mg/kg). In parallel to dose escalation in CRC pts, up to 4 pts with non-CRC GI cancers will be included at the dose level below that of the CRC cohort. If an objective response (OR) per RECIST v1.1 is observed in CRC or non-CRC GI pts at a safe dose level, up to 10 additional pts with the same tumor type will be recruited at that dose level. In phase Ib, CRC pts will be randomized into up to 4 dose cohorts (as determined in phase Ia; n=20 each) to define the recommended phase II dose. The primary endpoints are determination of the MTD based on the proportion of pts with DLTs (phase Ia) and OR rate based on RECIST v1.1 (phase Ib). Secondary endpoints include PK parameters and OR in pts with measurable disease (phase Ia), and disease control, tumor shrinkage, duration of response, and progression-free survival (phase Ib). Trial enrollment is ongoing, with 33 pts enrolled to date. Clinical trial information: NCT04137289.

Published
2022

9. Harlem Heritage

Author

Taylor, Elizabeth Dowling

Subjects
Down the Up Staircase: Three Generations of a Harlem Family (Autobiography) -- Haynes, Bruce D. -- Solovitch, Syma, Books -- Book reviews, Literature/writing
Abstract

DOWN THE UP STAIRCASE Three Generations of a Harlem Family By Bruce D. Haynes and Syma Solovitch Illustrated. 200 pp. Columbia University Press. $30. ''Take the A Train to go [...]

Published
2017

10. The Original Black Elite : Daniel Murray and the Story of a Forgotten Era

Author

Elizabeth Dowling Taylor and Elizabeth Dowling Taylor

Subjects
Upper class African Americans--History--19th century, Upper class African Americans--History--20th century, African American intellectuals--History--20th century, African American librarians--Biography, African American intellectuals--History--19th century, African American leadership--History, African Americans--History--1877-1964, African Americans--Social life and customs
Abstract

New York Times–Bestselling Author: “A compelling biography of Daniel Murray and the group the writer-scholar W.E.B. DuBois called ‘The Talented Tenth.'” —Patricia Bell-Scott, National Book Award nominee and author of The Firebrand and the First Lady In this outstanding cultural biography, the author of A Slave in the White House chronicles a critical yet overlooked chapter in American history: the inspiring rise and calculated fall of the black elite, from Emancipation through Reconstruction to the Jim Crow Era—embodied in the experiences of an influential figure of the time: academic, entrepreneur, political activist, and black history pioneer Daniel Murray. In the wake of the Civil War, Daniel Murray, born free and educated in Baltimore, was in the vanguard of Washington, D.C.'s black upper class. Appointed Assistant Librarian at the Library of Congress—at a time when government appointments were the most prestigious positions available for blacks—Murray became wealthy as a construction contractor and married a college-educated socialite. The Murrays'social circles included some of the first African-American US senators and congressmen, and their children went to Harvard and Cornell. Though Murray and others of his time were primed to assimilate into the cultural fabric as Americans first and people of color second, their prospects were crushed by Jim Crow segregation and the capitulation to white supremacist groups by the government, which turned a blind eye to their unlawful—often murderous—acts. Elizabeth Dowling Taylor traces the rise, fall, and disillusionment of upper-class African Americans, revealing that they were a representation not of hypothetical achievement but what could be realized by African Americans through education and equal opportunities. “Brilliantly researched... an emotional story of how race and class have long played a role in determining who succeeds and who fails.” —The New York Times Book Review “Brings insight to the rise and fall of America's first educated black people.” —Time “Deftly demonstrates how the struggle for racial equality has always been complicated by the thorny issue of class.” —Patricia Bell-Scott, author of The Firebrand and the First Lady “Reads like a sweeping epic.” —Library Journal

Published
2017

11. Trichostatin A blocks TGF-β-induced collagen gene expression in skin fibroblasts: Involvement of Sp1

Author

Asish K. Ghosh, Elizabeth Dowling, Yasuji Mori, and John Varga

Subjects
Sp1 Transcription Factor, medicine.drug_class, Biophysics, SMAD, Biology, Hydroxamic Acids, Biochemistry, Transforming Growth Factor beta, medicine, Humans, Molecular Biology, Cells, Cultured, Histone deacetylase 5, HDAC11, Histone deacetylase inhibitor, Cell Biology, Fibroblasts, Molecular biology, Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors, Trichostatin A, Gene Expression Regulation, Collagen, Histone deacetylase, Type I collagen, medicine.drug, Transforming growth factor
Abstract

Transforming growth factor- beta (TGF-beta) stimulates Type I collagen synthesis by fibroblasts and is implicated in tissue fibrosis. Here, we demonstrate that histone deacetylase inhibitor Trichostatin A (TSA) suppresses the TGF-beta-induced Type I collagen synthesis but not induced PAI-1 synthesis suggesting the influence of TSA is gene specific. Results further reveal that there is no significant alteration in Smad activation and function in presence of TSA suggesting suppression of TGF-beta-induced collagen synthesis is not due to impaired Smad signaling. TGF-beta induces the levels of Sp1, an essential transcription factor of Smad-dependent stimulation of collagen synthesis. However, in presence of TSA, TGF-beta fails to induce Sp1 levels, its interaction with Smad complex and Sp1 binding site in COL1A2 promoter. Furthermore, overexpressed Sp1 reverses the TSA-mediated inhibition of TGF-beta-induced collagen gene expression. Collectively, these results suggest that TSA-mediated suppression of Smad-dependent TGF-beta-induced collagen synthesis is due to suppression of Sp1 activity in skin fibroblasts.

Published
2007

12. Relationship between Maximum Strength and Relative Endurance for the Empty-Can Exercise

Author

Donald H. Sussman, Bonnie VanLunen, Michael Tamburello, Martha L Walker, Elizabeth Dowling, and Beth Ernst Jamali

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Rehabilitation, Diagram, Biophysics, Outcome measures, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Mean age, Context (language use), Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Shoulder rehabilitation, Physical therapy, medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Mathematics
Abstract

Context:A strength-endurance diagram predicts that a person should be able to perform 30 repetitions of an exercise if the resistance level is 60% of 1-repetition maximum (1RM).Objective:To compare the number of repetitions predicted by the diagram with recorded repetitions of a shoulder exercise.Design:Single-group comparison with a standard.Setting:University.Participants:34 healthy adults (20 women, 14 men) with a mean age of 29 years (range 20–49).Main Outcome Measures:The number of repetitions that subjects could perform in good form of a shoulder exercise with resistance of 60% 1RM.Results:The mean number of repetitions was 21 (± 3, range 15–28), which was significantly different than the 30 repetitions that the diagram predicted.Conclusions:The strength-endurance diagram did not accurately predict the number of repetitions of a shoulder exercise that subjects could perform.

Published
2003

13. Breaking Open the Word

Author

Elizabeth Dowling

Subjects
Philosophy, Word (computer architecture), Linguistics
Published
2014

14. [Untitled]

Author

Jennifer Anton, Chandra Mason, Sharon Lovell, Arnold S. Kahn, Amanda Davidson, Dawn Post, and Elizabeth Dowling

Subjects
Gender Studies, Organizational citizenship behavior, Social Psychology, Job performance, Job description, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Social environment, Organizational commitment, Affect (psychology), Psychology, Social psychology, Developmental psychology
Abstract

Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) isbehavior that extends beyond that required by anorganization in a formal job description. Past researchshows that engaging in OCB is related to higherperformance evaluations. We wished to determine whether therelationship between OCB and job performance ratingswould be affected by the gender of persons performingOCB. Ninety-six primarily Caucasian dormitory Resident Advisors (RAs) rated one another on thelikelihood of performing OCB and we obtained RAperformance ratings from their Hall Directors. Aspredicted, women received higher OCB scores than menalthough they did not differ from men on performance ratings.This finding may suggest a form of subtle discriminationagainst women, although other interpretations arepossible.

Published
1999

15. A Slave in the White House : Paul Jennings and the Madisons

Author

Elizabeth Dowling Taylor and Elizabeth Dowling Taylor

Abstract

Paul Jennings was born into slavery on the plantation of James and Dolley Madison in Virginia, later becoming part of the Madison household staff at the White House. Once finally emancipated by Senator Daniel Webster later in life, he would give an aged and impoverished Dolley Madison, his former owner, money from his own pocket, write the first White House memoir, and see his sons fight with the Union Army in the Civil War. He died a free man in northwest Washington at 75. Based on correspondence, legal documents, and journal entries rarely seen before, this amazing portrait of the times reveals the mores and attitudes toward slavery of the nineteenth century, and sheds new light on famous characters such as James Madison, who believed the white and black populations could not coexist as equals; French General Lafayette who was appalled by this idea; Dolley Madison, who ruthlessly sold Paul after her husband's death; and many other since forgotten slaves, abolitionists, and civil right activists.

Published
2012

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