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Optimal management of patients with combined immunodeficiency, especially pertaining to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), remains unclear.To identify factors influencing HSCT and mortality in the population with combined immunodeficiency in North America.We identified 337 participants in the United States Immunodeficiency Network database with diverse forms of combined immunodeficiency and their characteristics, including demographic characteristics, laboratory values, infectious history, comorbidities, and treatment strategies. Univariate analysis was performed using logistic regression, whereas multivariate analysis was performed using multiple Cox proportional hazards.On univariate analysis, disseminated invasive viral infections and variants in STAT3, GATA2, and, DOCK8 were associated with increased odds of HSCT. Mucocutaneous fungal infections and variants in STAT3 were associated with increased odds of survival, whereas disseminated/invasive fungal infections, disseminated/invasive viral infections, and parasitic infections were associated with decreased odds of survival. On multiple variable Cox proportional hazards analysis, variants in ZAP70, nonspecific bacterial, and disseminated/invasive viral infections were associated with increased hazards of transplantation, whereas variants in multiple genes (RMRP, NEMO, DOCK8, CD40L, and CARD9), disseminated/invasive viral infections, autoimmune disease, and higher absolute lymphocyte count were associated with increased hazards of death. Importantly, demographic characteristics, basic lymphocyte subset counts, and absence of genetic diagnosis were not associated with HSCT or mortality.We determined that specific genetic diagnoses and infection burden impacts the decision to undergo HSCT in this cohort. In addition, certain genetic diagnoses and invasive viral infections carry an increased risk of mortality.

The synthesis of S-dodecyltrifluorothioacetate and its application to trifluoroacetylation of amino acids under aqueous conditions are described. This reagent afforded good isolated yields (71-92%) of the N-trifluoroacetyl derivatives via an operationally simple and odor free procedure.

A convenient route to 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (1, ACC) and N-protected derivatives was developed. This route utilizes a bisalkylation of an O-benzyl glycine derived imine followed by global deprotection via hydrogenation. Direct isolation of ACC from a non-aqueous stream or efficient conversion to N-protected derivatives in a single flask is described.

A mild and efficient route to enantioenriched aryl alkyl amines from ketones has been developed. The first successful synthesis and asymmetric hydrogenation of ene-trifluoroamides from oximes gave highly enantioenriched trifluoroacetamides (94–98% ee). The corresponding phenethyl amides are liberated under mild conditions (K2CO3, MeOH/H2O). In addition, a new application of Josiphos ligands toward the asymmetric hydrogenation of both ene-acetamides and ene-trifluoroacetamides was discovered.

A robust macrocyclic tetraamide complex of Th(IV) binds phosphate diesters and promotes cleavage of RNA and phosphate diesters at 37 °C in the pH range 5.00–7.90.