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La obra Dialecto judeo-hispano-marroquí o hakitía (1926-1952), de José Benoliel, contiene, en su parte final, un glosario de casi un centenar de páginas donde se recogen multitud de voces procedentes mayoritariamente de los fondos romance, hebreo y árabe. Dicho glosario no se trata de un mero repertorio de equivalencias léxicas entre la haquitía y el español, sino que contiene información complementaria sobre los usos y valores de determinadas voces, datos culturales y expresiones fraseológicas. El presente trabajo tiene por objeto precisar el criterio lexicográfico seguido por el autor, determinar sus estrategias de definición léxica y analizar ese caudal de información complementaria y, en ciertos casos, enciclopédica.

Objectives To investigate the effect of adding melatonin to hypothermia treatment on neurodevelopmental outcomes in asphyctic newborns. Design Pilot multicenter, randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Statistical comparison of results obtained in two intervention arms: hypothermia plus placebo and hypothermia plus melatonin. Setting Level 3 neonatal ICU. Patients Twenty-five newborns were recruited. Interventions The hypothermia plus melatonin patients received a daily dose of IV melatonin, 5 mg per kg body weight, for 3 days. General laboratory variables were measured both at neonatal ICU admission and after intervention. All infants were studied with amplitude-integrated electroencephalography and brain MRI within the first week of life. The neurodevelopmental Bayley III test, the Gross Motor Function Classification System, and the Tardieu scale were applied at the ages of 6 and 18 months. Measurements and main results Clinical characteristics, laboratory evaluations, MRI findings, and amplitude-integrated electroencephalography background did not differ between the treatment groups. The newborns in the hypothermia plus melatonin group achieved a significantly higher composite score for the cognitive section of the Bayley III test at 18 months old, with respect to the hypothermia plus placebo group (p = 0.05). There were no differences between the groups according to the Gross Motor Function Classification System and Tardieu motor assessment scales. Conclusions The early addition of IV melatonin to asphyctic neonates is feasible and may improve long-term neurodevelopment. To our knowledge, this is the first clinical trial to analyze the administration of IV melatonin as an adjuvant therapy to therapeutic hypothermia.

Background Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is one of the biggest challenges facing medicine today. Anti-adhesive therapy, using inhibitors of bacterial adhesion to epithelial cells, one of the first stages of infection, is a promising approximation in this area. The size, shape, number of sugar and their placement are variables that have to be taken into account in order to develop multivalent systems able to inhibit the bacterial adhesion based on sugar-lectin interaction. Materials and methods In the present work we report a modular approach for the synthesis of water-soluble 1D-carbon nanotube-sugar nanoconstructs, with the necessary flexibility to allow an efficient sugar-lectin interaction. The method is based on the reaction of aryl diazonium salts generated in situ from aniline-substituted mannose and lactose derivatives with single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) sidewalls. Results Two hybrid nanosystems, I-II, exposing mannose or lactose and having a tetraethylene glycol spacer between the sugar and the nanotube sidewall were rapidly assembled and adequately characterized. The sweet nano-objects were then tested for their ability to agglutinate and selectively inhibit the growth of uropathogenic Escherichia coli. These studies have shown that nanosystem I, exposing mannose on the nanotube surface is able to agglutinate and to inhibit the bacterial growth unlike nano-objects II exposing lactose. Conclusion The results reported constitute a proof of principle in using mannose-coated 1D-carbon nanotubes as antiadhesive drugs that compete for FimH binding and prevent the uropathogenic bacteria from adhering to the urothelial surface.

Edicion a cargo de Aitor Garcia Moreno, Elisabeth Fernandez Martin y Cristobal Jose Alvarez Lopez.

Este trabajo tiene por objeto el análisis de los fenómenos lingüísticos característicos del habla de Madrid presentes en el sainete manuscrito Los madrileños adoptivos (1790) de Antonio González de León, con el fin de determinar si pueden ser entendidos realmente como rasgos lingüísticos dialectales propios de dicha variedad en el siglo xviii. Para ello, en primer lugar, se ha realizado una contextualización de la obra, que permita llegar a comprender mejor su singularidad y ponderar su valor real como testimonio lingüístico; y, en segundo orden, se han analizado los fenómenos gráfico-fónicos, morfosintácticos y léxico-semánticos más llamativos, así como el sistema de trato representado en la obra, dado el interés que presentaba para la época y para el conocimiento de esta variedad lingüística. The focus of this study is to analyse the characteristic phenomena of the linguistic variety spoken in Madrid presented in the manuscript of the short comedy Los madrileños adoptivos (1790), by Antonio González de León, in order to determine if these elements can really be known as dialect linguistic features of that variety in the 18th century. For this, firstly, a contextualization of the work has been carried out, which allows us to understand its uniqueness and ponder its real value as a linguistic testimony. Secondly, the graphic-phonic, morphosyntactic and lexical-semantic phenomena represented in the comedy have been analysed. Furthermore, the address system has been explained, due to the interest that it has at that time and to the knowledge of this linguistic variety.

The formation of transgressive aeolian sedimentary systems on hot-spot volcanic islands results in globally singular conditions. The natural attractions and landscape features of these spaces can result in the concentration of urban-tourist developments in their surroundings, altering their physical integrity and their ecological and scenic functionality. This has been the case of the Corralejo dunefield in Fuerteventura (Canary Islands, Spain), where the strong pressure exerted by tourism is endangering the area's natural and landscape resources. This study aims to qualitatively assess the landscape heritage through a number of indicators, some of which are developed on the basis of user perception. Four landscape dimensions (substratum, sea, vegetation, and scenic background) were used to analyse the 24 landscape units into which the Corralejo beach-dune system was divided. The results show that this system presents a high landscape value, as do its four different dimensions. This value was found to decrease in areas bordering the urban area or where tourists were commonly present. Recommendations are proposed to improve the area based on user perceptions. This type of research is of interest for future planning, ordinance preparation and management with a view to establishing a balance between the physical medium and anthropic pressure.

This research aims the study and analysis of the lexical card index in Judeo-Spanish language of the British researcher Cynthia M. Crews, in order to examine the documentary sources which formed it, and to determine the criteria of definition and lexicographical presentation that the researcher implement in the card index, as well as to specify the influence exercised by some of these sources consulted when establishing these criteria. Therefore, this paper consists of the following parts: (I) a first section or introduction, where the figure of Cynthia Crews, the author of the lexical card index, is introduced; (II) a second section, in which the configuration of the Judeo-Spanish index is detailed; (III) a third one, where its sources are specified; (IV) the fourth section analyses of the definition’s types and the mechanisms for presenting the information; and, finally, (V) the conclusions.

Background Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is one of the biggest challenges facing medicine today. Anti-adhesive therapy, using inhibitors of bacterial adhesion to epithelial cells, one of the first stages of infection, is a promising approximation in this area. The size, shape, number of sugar and their placement are variables that have to be taken into account in order to develop multivalent systems able to inhibit the bacterial adhesion based on sugar-lectin interaction. Materials and methods In the present work we report a modular approach for the synthesis of water-soluble 1D-carbon nanotube-sugar nanoconstructs, with the necessary flexibility to allow an efficient sugar-lectin interaction. The method is based on the reaction of aryl diazonium salts generated in situ from aniline-substituted mannose and lactose derivatives with single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) sidewalls. Results Two hybrid nanosystems, I-II, exposing mannose or lactose and having a tetraethylene glycol spacer between the sugar and the nanotube sidewall were rapidly assembled and adequately characterized. The sweet nano-objects were then tested for their ability to agglutinate and selectively inhibit the growth of uropathogenic Escherichia coli. These studies have shown that nanosystem I, exposing mannose on the nanotube surface is able to agglutinate and to inhibit the bacterial growth unlike nano-objects II exposing lactose. Conclusion The results reported constitute a proof of principle in using mannose-coated 1D-carbon nanotubes as antiadhesive drugs that compete for FimH binding and prevent the uropathogenic bacteria from adhering to the urothelial surface.

Cabrera-Vega, L.L., Cruz-Avero, N., Hernandez-Calvento, L., Hernandez-Cordero, A.I. and Fernandez-Cabrera, E., 2013. Morphological changes in dunes as an indicator of anthropogenic interferences in arid dune fields. In: Conley, D.C., Masselink, G., Russell, P.E. and O'Hare, T.J. (eds.) Coastal dunes systems have been widely modified by human activities, especially in recent decades. Some of the changes have modified the aeolian landforms which characterize these environments. The dune systems of the Canary Islands can be considered as arid systems due to its temperature and rainfall levels. For this reason, the speed at which the geomorphologic process (natural or induced by human activities) occur are more significant than in dune systems located at either temperate or tropical regions. In this sense, the Canary Islands beach-dune systems are ideal for testing the effects of human activity on these environments. This work identifies major alterations, from the 60's, on three dune systems where t...

We present the case of a 63-year-old man with a bovine aortic arch variation, who presented episodes of mild hemoptysis secondary to a 4.5-cm (diameter) aneurysm of the innominate artery that compressed the trachea and obliterated the right subclavian artery. Surgery, performed through a median sternotomy, consisted of a bypass from the ascending aorta to both common carotid arteries using a Dacron graft, and exclusion of the aneurysm by ligature and direct thrombin injection. Computed tomography angiography at 30 days showed a patent bypass, successful aneurysm exclusion, and improvement of the tracheal compression. The patient is currently asymptomatic at 12 months following the procedure.

ROCA, E., VILLARES, M and FERNANDEZ, E., 2011. Social Perception on Conservation Strategies in the Costa Brava, Spain. In: Micallef, A., (eds.), MCRR3-2010 Conference Proceedings, Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue, No. 61, pp. 205–210. Grosseto, Tuscany, Italy, ISSN 0749-0208. This communication presents the results of a research carried out in the protected area of Aiguamolls de l'Emporda, in the heart of Costa Brava, Spain, where a proposal to extend the perimeter of the protected area in order to guarantee the connectivity function of the territory has created a local but severe social conflict. Our main objective is to explore public perceptions of this intervention in order to deepen in the main causes of such social rejection. The research has collected the local opinion on the problem and the perception of the socioeconomic and environmental impacts of the proposal. It is basically an analysis on the institutional performance followed by a social perception study based on a qualit...

This study was designed to compare the effectiveness of liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB) in ICU patients with and without renal replacement therapy (RRT).Observational, retrospective, comparative and multicenter study conducted in critically ill patients treated with L-AmB for 3 or more days, divided into two cohorts depending on the use of RRT before or within the first 48 hours after starting L-AmB. Clinical and microbiological response at the end of treatment was evaluated.A total of 158 patients met the inclusion criteria, 36 (22.8%) of which required RRT during the ICU stay. Patients with RRT as compared with those without RRT showed a higher APACHE II score on admission (21.4 vs 18.4, P = 0.041), greater systemic response against infection (P = 0.047) and higher need of supportive techniques (P = 0.002). In both groups, main reasons for the use of L-AmB were broad spectrum and hemodynamic instability. A higher daily dose of L-AmB was used in the RRT group (4.30 vs 3.84 mg/kg, P = 0.030) without differences in the total cumulative dose or treatment duration. There were no differences in the clinical response (61.1% vs 56.6%, P = 0.953) or microbiological eradication rate (74.1% vs 64.6%, P = 0.382). In patients with proven invasive fungal infection, satisfactory clinical response was obtained in 74.1% and microbiological eradication 85.7%.Although the study sample is small, this study shows that L-AmB is effective in critically ill patients admitted to the ICU requiring RRT.

espanolLa herramienta Paper.li permite la creacion de periodicos en linea, por lo que se convierte en un recurso util e innovador en el contexto de la ensenanza y el aprendizaje a distancia con adultos, en particular en la UNED. Las publicaciones compartidas en las redes sociales, principalmente en Twitter y Facebook, y que han de estar necesariamente relacionadas con las asignaturas impartidas por el docente y cursadas por losestudiantes, constituyen el material informativo del periodico digital. Los titulares, divididos y organizados en categorias, se editan de modo colaborativo; generando asi espacios para el dialogo en un atractivo formato web. EnglishThe Paper.li tool allows you to create online newspapers, which makes it a useful and innovating resource in the context of teaching and distance learning with adults, especially in the UNED. Online articles shared in social media, mainly Twitter and Facebook, and they necessarily have to be related to the subjects imparted by the eacher and studied by student, creates the informative content of these digital newspapers. The headlines, divided and organized by categories, are edited collaboratively and thus generate talking points in an attractive web format.

Background Several clinical and epidemiological studies describe hyperhomocysteinemia as an independent cardiovascular risk factor. Implication of cellular immunity in atherosclerosis also seems clear. This study aimed to analyze the association among plasma hyperhomocysteinemia, neurological clinical events, and the morphology and immunocytology of carotid plaques in patients with carotid stenosis >70% receiving surgical treatment. Methods Sixty-two patients with carotid stenosis >70% receiving surgical treatment were studied; 58% had a history of stroke in the ipsilateral carotid territory. Plasma homocysteine concentrations were determined by considering pathological values >12.4 μmol/L. Histopathological (stable and unstable plaques) and immunohistochemical (macrophages, T lymphocytes, and active T lymphocytes counts) studies were performed. Hyperhomocysteinemia prevalence was calculated in this population, as were the possible relationships between homocysteine plasma concentrations, and the carotid plaque type and the cell types in it. The relationship between this risk factor and the presence of a neurological event relating to carotid stenosis was also investigated. Results Hyperhomocysteinemia prevalence was 43.5%, with a mean value of 11.8 μmol/L (median; range = 2–41.8 μmol/L). No significant differences were found between homocysteine levels and the plaque's morphological characteristics, or between the cell types analyzed. Elevated concentrations of homocysteine were not significantly higher in patients with a history of stroke. Conclusion The present study confirms high hyperhomocysteinemia prevalence in patients with extracranial cerebrovascular disease, although no relationship between plaque complication phenomena and this cardiovascular risk factor was observed.

The conflicts between different users are frequent in the cases when conservation plans affect agricultural land uses. The main objective of this paper is to explore public perceptions to plans to protect natural areas. This research has been carried out in the designated area of Aiguamolls de l’Emporda, in the heart of Costa Brava, Spain where a proposal to extend the perimeter of the protected area has created a local but severe social conflict. A social perception study based on a qualitative survey with local stakeholders has been carried out to collect the local opinion on the issue and the perception with regard to the socioeconomic and environmental impacts of planning strategy. Essentially, the intervention is felt to be a threat to the future of several socioeconomic activities (i.e. agriculture, campsites). Moreover, mistrust of the public administration has produced the emergence of an old conflict. The authors argue that the assessment of problems and conflicts affecting coasts have lacked from an in-depth understanding of the social dimension. Therefore, analysing perceptions and attitudes to strategies and management practices can produce relevant information to improve the management of these areas.

Agenesis of the infrarenal segment of inferior vena cava is an uncommon and often asymptomatic congenital abnormality with an approximate incidence of 0.005-1% in the general population. Presentation of this condition as deep venous thrombosis associated with symptoms secondary to thrombosis or hypertrophy of collateral vessels is a rare clinical form. Two cases of this rare form are described, and an analysis of the related literature is presented. The first case was that of a 35-year-old man with symptoms of acute obstructive pyelonephritis with no apparent cause and swelling of the lower limb. The second case involved a 30-year-old man with lower limb swelling associated with paresthesia and motor deficit. Both patients were found to have infrarenal inferior vena cava agenesis associated with iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis and compression of anatomic structures by collateral vessels (ureteral compression due to thrombosis of an ectatic gonadal vein and L5 nerve root compression due to a hypertrophic epidural venous plexus). Patients were conservatively managed with anticoagulation therapy, with a favorable outcome and no recurrence in either case. In a young patient with iliac deep venous thrombosis of uncertain etiology, and particularly in those with atypical associated symptoms (mainly abdominal or neurologic), it is important to investigate congenital vena cava anomalies and carry out diagnostic imaging studies. Anticoagulation therapy is currently considered the best treatment option for this condition, but it should be individualized. The need for long-term anticoagulation should also be assessed in each case.