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Objective: To describe compulsorily notifiable diseases, health conditions and public health events (DAEs as per the Brazilian acronym) registered by the National Hospital Epidemiological Surveillance Network (RENAVEH as per the Brazilian acronym), before and during the COVID-19 pandemic., Methods: This was a descriptive ecological study using records held on the Notifiable Health Conditions Information System (SINAN as per the Brazilian acronym) between Epidemiological Week (EW) 1 of 2017 (January 1st, 2017) and 52 of 2020 (December 26, 2020)., Results: Between 2017 and 2020, RENAVEH notified 1,258,455 DAE form records, with only 225,081 (17.9%) notifications in 2020, representing a decrease of 146,340 records compared to 2019. The temporal analysis showed a decrease per EW of more than 1,000 notified records with effect from EW 12., Conclusion: There was a decrease in compulsorily notifiable DAEs registered by RENAVEH in Brazil taking the period analyzed as a whole, in particular in 2020.

We aimed to (i) describe both the coverage and the homogeneity of coverage of the first and second doses of measles-containing vaccines (MCV) in Brazil in 2017, and (ii) to investigate the potential influence of contextual factors at municipal level. All 5570 Brazilian municipalities were included. The North and Center-West regions presented the lowest coverages of the first and second doses of MCV, respectively. We found significant associations of both first and second doses of MCV with population size, coverage of Family Health Strategy (FHS) and other indicators of living conditions and inequalities. Monitoring the homogeneity of MCV coverage at national, regional and state levels is essential, as it allows identifying areas at higher risk of measles spread that should be targeted for vaccination. Targeting large cities i.e. 100,000 or more inhabitants, especially poor neighborhoods and areas with low FHS coverage, could lead to improvements in coverage homogeneity., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

We analyzed the time trends and spatial distribution of MMR vaccine coverage in Brazil during 2007-2017. In early 2018, a measles outbreak started in the North region of Brazil, reaching 11 of the 27 federal units by January 24, 2019. In this period, 10,302 cases were confirmed. Although the reintroduction of measles in Brazil is likely due to migration from Venezuela, the spread of the virus was made possible by the low levels of MMR coverage, as a result of significant decreases during the study period. Areas with high concentration of municipalities with low coverage are more susceptible to the spread of the virus, especially in the North and Northeast regions. Increasing vaccination coverage is essential to block the ongoing outbreak in Brazil. Vaccination strategies might target priority areas, especially those with a marked decrease in coverage. Moreover, it is essential to extend actions to travelers, migrants and refugees., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

We report an ongoing measles outbreak in Manaus, Amazonas state, Brazil. As at 3 November 2018, 1,631 cases were confirmed corresponding to an incidence of 75.3 per 100,000 inhabitants; all five sanitary districts presented confirmed cases. Reintroduction of measles virus in Manaus is likely related to the current outbreak in Venezuela and due to recent decline in measles vaccine coverage. Given the current scenario, prevention and control measures should target individuals aged 15-29 years.