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1. An Unusual Cause of Functional Mitral Stenosis

Author

Jamie E. Diamond, MD, MPH, Michael Y. Mi, MD, Paul A. VanderLaan, MD, PhD, Louis Chu, MD, and Eli V. Gelfand, MD

Subjects
acute heart failure, cancer, echocardiography, imaging, intimal sarcoma, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Primary cardiac tumors are rare, with an incidence of

Published
2021
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3. Icosapent Ethyl Reduces Ischemic Events in Patients With a History of Previous Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: REDUCE-IT CABG

Author

Subodh Verma, Deepak L. Bhatt, Ph. Gabriel Steg, Michael Miller, Eliot A. Brinton, Terry A. Jacobson, Nitish K. Dhingra, Steven B. Ketchum, Rebecca A. Juliano, Lixia Jiao, Ralph T. Doyle, Craig Granowitz, C. Michael Gibson, Duane Pinto, Robert P. Giugliano, Matthew J. Budoff, R. Preston Mason, Jean-Claude Tardif, Christie M. Ballantyne, Fabrice M.A.C. Martens, Astrid Schut, Brian Olshansky, Mina Chung, Al Hallstrom, Lesly Pearce, Cyrus Mehta, Rajat Mukherjee, Anjan K. Chakrabarti, Eli V. Gelfand, Megan Carroll Leary, Duane S. Pinto, Yuri B. Pride, Steven Ketchum, Ramakrishna Bhavanthula, Gertrude Chester, Christina Copland, Katelyn Diffin, Ralph Doyle, Kurt Erz, Alex Giaquinto, Paula Glanton, Angela Granger, Richard H. Iroudayassamy, Rebecca Juliano, James Jin, Dimitry Klevak, Hardik Panchal, Robert Wang, Shin-Ru Wang, Gerard Abate, Peggy J. Berry, Rene Braeckman, Declan Doogan, Anne Elson, Amy HauptmannBaker, Isabel Lamela, Catherine Lubeck, Mehar Manku, Sabina Murphy, Monica Sanford, William Stirtan, Paresh Soni, Arnaud Bastien, Demetria Foster, Evangelito Gascon, Judith Johnson, Lasbert Latona, Gang Liu, Sandra Palleja, Nelly Sanjuan, Jimmy Shi, William Stager, Mukund Venkatakrishnan, Ahmed Youssef-Agha, Julie Zhu, Leela Aertker, Suresh Ankolekar, Lisa Goldberg, Natasa Rajicic, Jianfen Shu, Heng Zou, Magdy Mikhail, Gamil Dawood, N. Mathew Koshy, Sandip K. Mukherjee, Rafik Abadier, Andrea L. Lawless, William P. McGuinn, Howard Weintraub, Kathryn Rohr, Edmund Claxton, Robert J. Weiss, Terry D. Klein, Mani Nallasivan, Stephen Crowley, Marilyn King, Anthony D. Alfieri, David Fitz-Patrick, Irving Loh, Nolan J. Mayer, Rakesh Prashad, Samuel Lederman, Debra Weinstein, Harold E. Bays, Keith Chu, Alireza Maghsoudi, Paul D. Thompson, Jeff Carstens, Anna Chang, Kenneth R. Cohen, Julius Dean, Howard S. Ellison, Bernard Erickson, Enrique A. Flores, Daniel W. Gottlieb, Paul Grena, John R. Guyton, Peter H. Jones, John M. Joseph, Norman E. Lepor, Sam Lerman, Robert D. Matheney, Theodore R. Pacheco, Michael B. Russo, John Rubino, Edward S. Pereira, Albert A. Seals, Eduardo Viera, Alan D. Steljes, Jason Thompson, Shaival Kapadia, Michael McIvor, Jorge E. Salazar, Jose O. Santiago, Ralph Vicari, Martin R. Berk, William A. Kaye, Marcus McKenzie, David Podlecki, Brian D. Snyder, Stephen Nash, David M. Herrington, Wallace Johnson, Joseph R. Lee, Ronald Blonder, Alpa M. Patel, Ramon Castello, Susan Greco, Dean J. Kereiakes, Venkatesh K. Nadar, Mark Nathan, Ranganatha P. Potu, Robert Sangrigoli, Richard Smalling, Mitchell Davis, Robert Braastad, James McCriskin, Kunal Bodiwala, Joe L. Hargrove, Mark W. Graves, George Emlein, Raegan W. Durant, James W. Clower, Rohit Arora, Narendra Singh, Lisa Warsinger Martin, W Herbert Haught, Marc P. Litt, Michael D. Klein, Peter Hoagland, Michael Goldstein, Marco S. Mazzella, Daniel H. Dunker, Brian H. Kahn, Carlos S. Ince, Frank A. McGrew, Jay Lee, David Pan, Salman A. Khan, Uri Elkayam, Wasim Deeb, Anne C. Goldberg, Christopher S. Brown, Wayne N. Leimbach, Thomas S. Backer, David R. Sutton, Joel Gellman, Anu R. George, Alan S. Hoffman, Mark Kates, Kishlay Anand, Robert Bear, Brendan J. Cavanaugh, Ramon G. Reyes, Rodolfo Sotolongo, Kenneth Sabatino, Kevin Gallagher, Ehab Sorial, Chris Geohas, Kathleen E. Magness, Bernard P. Grunstra, Frederik A. Martin, William S. Knapp, Mel E. Lucas, John J. Champlin, Jason Demattia, Patrick H. Peters, Judith Kirstein, William J. Randall, Cezar S. Staniloae, Jennifer G. Robinson, Alexander Adler, Christopher Case, Andrew J. Kaplan, Gregory F. Lakin, Krishan K. Goyle, Michael J. DiGiovanna, Chester L. Fisher, Michael Lillestol, Michael Robinson, Robert G. Perry, Lawrence S. Levinson, Brian G. Everhart, Robert D. Madder, Earl F. Martin, Earl E. Martin, Imtiaz Alam, Jose Mari L. Elacion, Robina Poonawala, Taddese T. Desta, Jerome A. Robinson, Gilbert J. Martinez, Jakkidi S. Reddy, Jeffrey D. Wayne, Samuel Mujica Trenche, Westbrook I. Kaplan, Rubin H. Saavedra, Michael D. DiGregorio, Barry D. Bertolet, Neil J. Fraser, Terence T. Hart, Ronald J. Graf, David A. Jasper, Michael Dunn, Dan A. Streja, David J. Strobl, Nan Jiang, Vicki Kalen, Richard Mascolo, Mercedes B. Samson, Michael Stephens, Bret M. Bellard, Mario Juarez, Patrick J. McCarthy, John B. Checton, Michael Stillabower, Edward Goldenberg, Amin H. Karim, Naseem Jaffrani, Robert C. Touchon, Erich R. Fruehling, Clayton J. Friesen, Pradipta Chaudhuri, Frank H. Morris, Robert E. Broker, Rajesh J. Patel, Susan Hole, Randall P. Miller, Francisco G. Miranda, Sadia Dar, Shawn N. Gentry, Paul Hermany, Charles B. Treasure, Miguel E. Trevino, Raimundo Acosta, Anthony Japour, Samuel J. Durr, Thomas Wang, Om P. Ganda, Perry Krichmar, James L. Arter, Douglas Jacoby, Michael A. Schwartz, Amer Al-Karadsheh, Nelson E. Gencheff, John A. Pasquini, Richard Dunbar, Sarah Kohnstamm, Hector F. Lozano, Francine K. Welty, Thomas L. Pitts, Brian Zehnder, Salah El Hafi, Mark A. King, Arnold Ghitis, Marwan M. Bahu, Hooman Ranjbaran Jahromi, Ronald P. Caputo, Robert S. Busch, Michael D. Shapiro, Suhail Zavaro, Munib Daudjee, Shahram Jacobs, Vipul B. Shah, Frank Rubalcava, Mohsin T. Alhaddad, Henry Lui, Raj T. Rajan, Fadi E. Saba, Mahendra Pai N Gunapooti, Tshiswaka B. Kayembe, Timothy Jennings, Robert A. Strzinek, Michael H. Shanik, Pradeep K. Singh, Alastair C. Kennedy, Howard Rubenstein, Ramin Manshadi, Joanne Ladner, Lily Kakish, Ashley Kakish, Amy L. Little, Jaime Gerber, Nancy J. Hinchion, Janet Guarino, Denise Raychok, Susan Budzinski, Kathleen Kelley-Garvin, April Beckord, Jessica Schlinder, Arthur Schwartzbard, Stanley Cobos, Deborah Freeman, David Abisalih, Dervilla McCann, Kylie Guy, Jennifer Chase, Stacey Samuelson, Madeline Cassidy, Marissa Tardif, Jaime Smith, Brenna Sprout, Nanette Riedeman, Julie Goza, Lori Johnson, Chad Kraske, Sheila Hastings, Chris Dutka, Stephanie Smith, Toni McCabe, Kathleen Maloney, Paul Alfieri, Vinay Hosemane, Chanhsamone Syravanh, Cindy Pau, April Limcoiloc, Tabitha Carreira, Taryn S. Kurosawa, Razmig Krumian, Krista Preston, Ashraf Nashed, Daria Schneidman-Fernandez, Jack Patterson, John Tsakonas, Jennifer Esaki, Lynn Sprafka, Porous Patel, Brian Mitchell, Erin M. Ross, Donna Miller, Akash Prashad, Kristina M. Feyler, Natasha Juarbe, Sandra Herrera, Sarah M. Keiran, Becky Whitehead, Whitney Asher, Coury Hobbs, Abbey Elie, Jean Brooks, Amanda L. Zaleski, Brenda Foxen, Barb Lapke, Philippa Wright, Bristol Pavol, Gwen Carangi, Marla Turner, Katharine W. Sanders, Rikita S. Delamar, Virginia L. Wilson, Sarah M. Harvel, Alison M. Cartledge, Kaitlyn R. Bailey, Kathleen Mahon, Timothy Schuchard, Jen Humbert, Mark C. Hanson, Michael P. Cecil, James S. Abraham, Lorie Benedict, Claudia Slayton, Curtis S. Burnett, Rachel W. Ono-Lim, Sharon Budzinski, Shubi A. Khan, Sharon Goss, Terry Techmanski, Farida Valliani, Rimla Joseph, Edith Flores, Laurn Contreras, Ana Aguillon, Carrie-Ann Silvia, Maria Martin, Edmund K. Kerut, Leslie W. Levenson, Louis B. Glade, Brian J. Cospolich, Maureen W. Stein, Stephen P. LaGuardia, Thelma L. Sonza, Tracy M. Fife, Melissa Forschler, Jasmyne Watts, Judy Fritsch, Emese Futchko, Sarah Utech, Scott B. Baker, Miguel F. Roura, Scott A. Segel, James S. Magee, Cathy Jackson, Rebecca F. Goldfaden, Liudmila Quas, Elizabeth C. Ortiz, Michael Simpson, Robert Foster, Christopher Brian, James Trimm, Michael Bailey, Brian Snoddy, Van Reeder, Rachel Wilkinson, Harold Settle, Cynthia Massey, Angela Maiola, Michele Hall, Shelly Hall, Wanda Hall, Mark Xenakis, Janet Barrett, Giovanni Campanile, David Anthou, Susan F. Neill, Steven Karas, Enrique Polanco, Norberto Schechtman, Grace Tischner, Kay Warren, Cynthia St Cyr, Menna Kuczinski, Latrina Alexander, Maricruz Ibarra, Barry S. Horowitz, Jaime Steinsapir, Jeanette Mangual-Coughlin, Brittany Mooney, Precilia Vasquez, Kathleen Rodkey, Alexandria Biberstein, Christine Ignacio, Irina Robinson, Marcia Hibberd, Lisa B. Hoffman, Daniel J. Murak, Raghupathy Varavenkataraman, Theresa M. Ohlson Elliott, Linda A. Cunningham, Heather L. Palmerton, Sheri Poole, Jeannine Moore, Helene Wallace, Ted Chandler, Robert Riley, Farah Dawood, Amir Azeem, Michael Cammarata, Ashleigh Owen, Shivani Aggarwal, Waqas Qureshi, Mohamed Almahmoud, Abdullahi Oseni, Adam Leigh, Erin Barnes, Adam Pflum, Amer Aladin, Karen Blinson, Vickie Wayne, Lynda Doomy, Michele Wall, Valerie Bitterman, Cindi Young, Rachel Grice, Lioubov Poliakova, Jorge Davalos, David Rosenbaum, Mark Boulware, Heather Mazzola, J. Russell Strader, Russell Linsky, David Schwartz, Elizabeth Graf, Alicia Gneiting, Melissa Palmblad, Ashley Donlin, Emily Ensminger, Hillary Garcia, Dawn Robinson, Carolyn Tran, Jeffrey Jacqmein, Darlene Bartilucci, Michael Koren, Barbara Maluchnik, Melissa Parks, Jennifer Miller, Cynthia DeFosse, Albert B. Knouse, Amy Delancey, Stephanie Chin, Thomas Stephens, Mag Sohal, Juana Ingram, Swarooparani Kumar, Heather Foley, Nina Smith, Vera McKinney, Linda Schwarz, Judith Moore, Hildreth Vernon Anderson, Stefano Sdringola-Maranga, Ali Denktas, Elizabeth Turrentine, Rhonda Patterson, John Marshall, Terri Tolar, Donna Patrick, Pamela Schwartzkopf, Anthony M. Fletcher, Frances R. Harris, Sherry Clements, Tiffany Brown, William Smith, Stacey J. Baehl, Robin Fluty, Daniel VanHamersveld, Dennis Breen, Nancy Bender, Beverly Stafford, Tamika Washington, Margaret N. Pike, Mark A. Stich, Evyan Jawad, Amin Nadeem, Jill Nyland, Rhonda Hamer, Kendra Calhoun, Charlotte Mall, Samuel Cadogan, Kati Raynes, Richard Katz, Lorraine Marshall, Rashida Abbas, Jay L. Dinerman, John T. Hartley, Beth Lamb, Lisa Eskridge, Donna Raymond, Kristy Clemmer, Denise M. Fine, Paula Beardsley, Janet Werner, Bette Mahan, Courtney VanTol, Robert Herman, Christine Raiser-Vignola, Felicia McShan, Stefanie A. Neill, David R. Blick, Michael J. Liston, Denetta K. Nelson, Sandra K. Dorrell, Patricia Wyman, Ambereen Quraishi, Fernando Ferro, Frank Morris, Vicki J. Coombs, Autumn M. Mains, Austin A. Campbell, Jeanne Phelps, Cheryl A. Geary, Ellen G. Sheridan, Jean M. Downing, Arie Swatkowski, Tish Redden, Brian Dragutsky, Susan Thomas, Candace Mitchell, Diana Barker, Elanie Turcotte, Deborah Segerson, Jill Guy, Karena De La Mora, Jennifer Hong, Dennis Do, Rose Norris, Faisal Khan, Hector Montero, Stacy Kelly-White, Alan Cleland, Rosalyn Alcalde-Crawford, Melissa Morgan, Brijmohan Sarabu, Megan Minor, Shweta Kamat, Stephanie M. Estes, Nancee Harless, Alicia Disney, Jodi L. Pagano, Chad M. Alford, Noel W. Bedwell, Warren D. Hardy, Kevin DeAndrade, Jessica G. Elmore, Eric Auerbach, Anthony W. Haney, Miriam H. Brooks, Jose Torres, Lois Roper, Terry Backer, Katie Backer, John G. Evans, Ricardo A. Silva, Lorraine H. Dajani, Veronica Yousif, Tammy Ross, Sion K. Roy, Ronald Oudiz, Sajad Hamal, Ferdinand Flores, Amor Leahy, Debra Ayer, Swapna George, Chrisi Carine Stewart, Elvira Orellana, Cristina Boccalandro, Mary Rangel, Suzanne Hennings, Carl Vanselow, Teri Victor, Darlene Birdwell, Paul Haas, Anthony Sandoval, Gina Ciavarella, Caroline Saglam, Amy Bird, Keith Beck, Brian Poliquin, David Dominguez, Brittany Tenorio, Harvonya Perkins, Esther San Roman, Paris Bransford, Christy Lowrance, Marcy Broussard, Mary Ellis, Bobbi Skiles, Jessica Hamilton, Kathryn Hall, Diego Olvera, Julee A. Hartwell, Nevien Sorial, Mary Rickman, Kevin Berman, Nirav Mehta, Annie Laborin, Rodger Rothenberger, Sarah Beauvilliers, Kathy Morrell, Michael P. Schachter, Cindy L. Perkins, Elizabeth A. Gordon, Jennifer Lauer, Kim Bichsel, Kelly Oliver, Leslie J. Mellor, Candice Demattia, Jennifer Schomburg, Yenniffer Moreno, Eduardo Mansur-Garza, Lena Rippstein, Lorie Chacon, Andrea Pena, Michelle King, Susan Richardson, Annette Jessop, Nicole Tucker, Whitney Royer, Gilbert Templeton, Ann Moell, Christine Weller, Melissa J. Botts, Gretel Hollon, Elsa Homberg-Pinassi, Paula Forest, Aref Bin Abhulhak, Devona Chun-Furlong, Deborah Harrington, Emily Harlynn, Marjorie Schmitt, Constance Shelsky, Patricia Feldick, Mary Cherrico, Courtney Jagle, Nicholas Warnecke, Debra Myer, Deanna J. Ruder, Albina Underwood, Alan Rauba, George Carr, Barbara Oberhaus, Jessica Vanderfeltz, Mary Jo Stucky-Heil, Dale R. Gibson, Vonnie Fuentes, Kimberly L. Talbot, William C. Simon, Katlyn J. Grimes, Christina R. Wheeler, Cassaundra Shultz, Rhonda A. Metcalf, Jennifer L. Hill, Michelle R. Oliver, Basharat Ahmad, Fouzal Azeem, Abdul Rahim, George H. Freeman, Dawn Bloch, Heather Freeman, Jamie Brown, Sarah Rosbach, Pamela Melander, Nick Taralson, Alex Liu, Katlyn Harms, Mahfouz Michale, Jose Lopez, Maria Revoredo, Shari Edevane, Sarah Shawley, Timothy L. Jackson, Michael J. Oliver, Dina DeSalle, Patricia J. Matlock, Ionna M. Beraun, Heather Hendrix, Garrett Bromley, Ashley Niemerski, Gabby Teran, Sonia Guerrero, Murtaza Marvi, Zehra Palanpurwala, Andrea Torres, Patty Gloyd, Michelle Conger, Aziz Laurent, Olia Nayor, Catalina S. Villanueva, Munira Khambati, Tabetha J. Mumford, Melanie J. Castillo, Taddese Desta, Jerome Robinson, La Shawn Woods, Anita Bahri, Nancy Herrera, Cecilia Casaclang, Jeffrey R. Unger, Geraldine Martinez, Mia K. Moon, Stephen M. Mohaupt, Larry Sandoval, Louisito Valenzuela, Victora Ramirez, Nelly Mata, Veronica Avila, Marisol Patino, Cynthia Montano-Pereira, Omar Barnett, William M. Webster, Lorraine M. Christensen, Leighna Bofman, Melanie Livingston, Stacey Adams, Joseph Hobbs, Leesa Koskela, Mia Katz, Samuel Mujica-Trenche, Franklin Cala, Noreen T. Rana, Jennifer Scarlett, Milagros Cala Anaya, Marsha R. Jones, Kelly D. Hollis, Debbie Roth, Kristin Eads, Tina Watts, Judy Perkins, Alice Arnold, Daniel C. Ginsberg, Denise Quinn, Nicole Cureton, David B. Fittingoff, Mohammed I. Iqbal, Stephen R. White, Edith Sisneros, Michelle Ducca, David Streja, Danny Campos, Jennifer L. Boak, Farzeen Amir, Felice Anderson, James J. Kmetzo, Mary O. Bongarzone, Dawn Scott, Mary Grace De Leon, Cynthia Buda, William Graettinger, Michelle Alex, Erika Hess, James Govoni, Melissa Bartel, Travis L. Monchamp, Julie S. Roach, Sara Gibson, Amy M. Allfrey, Kristen Timpy, Kathy Bott, Karin A. Soucy, Jean Willis, Cecilia A. Valerio, Anusha Chunduri, Rebecca Coker, Nicole Vidrine, Ellen A. Thompson, Mark A. Studeny, Melissa K. Marcum, Tammy S. Monway, Douglas L. Kosmicki, Melissa J. Kelley, Corey M. Godfrey, Susan L. Krenk, Randy R. Holcomb, Deb K. Baehr, Mary K. Trauernicht, David Rowland Lowry, Betty Bondy Herts, Jeanne E Phelps, Jean-Marie Downing, Carol Gamer Dignon, Elisabeth S. Cockrill, Pravinchandra G. Chapla, Diane Fera, Margaret Chang, Patricia Fredette, Tamie Ashby, Renee Bergin, Zebediah A. Stearns, David B. Ware, Rachael M. Boudreaux, Joanna Rodriguez, Robert McKenzie, Amanda Huber, Rebecca Sommers, Heather Rowe, Stacy McLallen, Michale Haynes, Ashley Adamson, Janice Henderson, Lori McClure, Beverly A. Harris, Laura Ference, Sue Meissner-Dengler, Lisa Treasure, Doreen Nicely, Timothy L. Light, Tracey A. Osborn, Kimberly J. Mai, Pablo Vivas, Jose Rios, Dunia Rodriguez, Roger DeRaad, James Walder, Oscar Bailon, Denice Hockett, Debbie Anderson, Kelli McIntosh, Amber Odegard, Andrew Shepherd, Mary Seifert, Laurence Kelley, Rajendra Shetty, Michael Castine, David Brill, Gregory Fisher, Nicole Richmond, Kathleen Gray, Patricia Miller, Charlene Coneys, Yarixa Chanza, Monica Sumoza, Victoria M. Caudill, Kelly D. Harris, Courtney A. Manion, Melody J. Lineberger-Moore, Julie J. Wolfe, Barbara J. Rosen, Patricia DiVito, Janet L. Moffat, Christina Michaelis, Prashant Koshy, Diana Perea, Ghaith Al Yacoub, Stephanie Sadeghi, Thomas D. LeGalley, Rudolph F. Evonich, William J. Jean, Gary M. Friesen, John M. Pap, David A. Pesola, Mark D. Cowan, Kristofer M. Dosh, Dianna Larson, Adele M. Price, Jodi A. Nease, Jane E. Anderson, Lori A. Piggott, Robert Iwaoka, Kevin Sharkey, Edward McMillan, Laurie Lowder, Latisha Morgan, Kyle Davis, Tara Caldwell, Erica Breglio, Jasmine Summers, Rachel Poulimas, Muhammad Zahid, Hamid Syed, Maria Escobar, Jacob Levy, Rahma Warsi, Carol Ma, Puxiao Cen, Kimberly A. Cawthon, Delores B. Barnes, Deanna G. Allen, Margaret L. Warrington, Carol R. Stastny, Robin J. Michaels, Mohamad Saleh, John Sorin, Sunny Rathod, Urakay Juett, Steven Spencer, Aziza Keval, Jill McBride, Shane Young, Catherine Baxter, Carol Rasmussen, Shari L. Coxe, Luis Campos, Shahin Tavackoli, Diana Beckham, Darlynee Sanchez, Karanjit Basrai, Dorian Helms, Erica Clinton, Kasie Smith, Henry Cusnir, Mary Klaus Clark, Madhavagopal V. Cherukuri, Ameta Scarfaru, Stephen D. Nash, Loretta C. Grimm, Anna Grace, Kylie McElheran, Dino Subasic, Zedrick Buhay, Janet Litvinoff, Deepak Shah, Shannon Cervantes, Freda Usher, Farra Yasser, Theodore Trusevich, Ronnie L. Garcia, Jamison Wyatt, Rahul Bose, Holllilyn Miska, Traci Spivey, Amy B. Wren, Katie E. Vance, Lani L. Holman, Pam Gibbons, Elaine Eby, Sandra Shepard, Soratree Charoenthongtrakul, Brett Snodgrass, Mohammed Nazem, Shelly Keteenburg, Prathima Murthy, Frederic Prater, Ashley Rumfelt, Christina Eizensmits, Lisa Iannuzzi, Pourus R. Patel, Clellia Bergamino, Elizabeth McFeaters, Botros Rizk, Emiljia Pflaum, Danny Kalish, Rex Ambatali, Mona Ameli, Delaina Sanguinetti, Rakesh Vaidya, Martinus A.W. Broeders, Dorman Henrikus, Adrianus F.M. Kuijper, Nadea Al-Windy, Michael Magro, Karim Hamraoui, Ismail Aksoy, Guy L.J. Vermeiren, H.W.O. Roeters van Lennep, Gerard Hoedemaker, Johannes Jacobus Remmen, Kjell Bogaard, Dirk van der Heijden, Nicole MJ Knufman, Joost Frederiks, Johannes Willem Louwerenburg, Piet van Rossum, Johannes Milhous, Peter van der Meer, Arno van der Weerdt, Rob Breedveld, Mitran Keijzers, Walter Hermans, Ruud van de Wal, Peter A.G. Zwart, Marc M.J.M. van der Linden, Gerardus Zwiers, Dirk J. Boswijk, Jan Geert Tans, Jacob van Eck, Maarten V. Hessen, Barnabas J.B. Hamer, Stieneke Zoet-Nugteren, Lucien Theunissen, E.A. van Beek, Remco Nijmeijer, Pieter R. Nierop, Gerard Linssen, H.P. Swart, Timo Lenderink, Gerard L. Bartels, Frank den Hartog, Brian J. Berg van den, Wouter van Kempen, Susanne Kentgens, Gloria M. Rojas Lingan, Martinus M. Peeters, Hilligje Keterberg, Melchior Nierman, Annemieke K. den Hollander, Jacqueline Hoogendijk, Christine Voors-Pette, Vicdan Kose, Peter Viergever, Larysa Yena, Viktor Syvolap, Mykola P. Kopytsya, Olga Barna, Svitlana S. Panina, Mykhailo I. Lutai, Oxana V. Shershnyova, Iryna Luzkiv, Larysa S. Bula, Sergii Zotov, Ivan Vyjhovaniuk, Olena Lysunets, Volodymyr I. Koshlia, Nataliya Sydor, Myroslava F. Vayda, Olexiy Ushakov, Mykola Rishko, Viktor P. Shcherbak, Yevgeniya Svyshchenko, Vira Tseluyko, Andriy Yagensky, Viktoriia I. Zolotaikina, Olga Godlevska, Larysa Ivanova, Olena Koval, Olena I. Mitchenko, Galyna Y. Kardash, Yurii S. Rudyk, Mykola Stanislavchuk, Volodymyr Ivanovych Volkov, Olena G. Karlinskaya, Susanna A. Tykhonova, Nikolay Vatutin, Ganna Smirnova, Volodymyr M. Kovalenko, Viktor Lizogub, Denys Sebov, Oleksandr Dyadyk, Svetlana Andrievskaya, Mykola P. Krasko, Alexander N. Parkhomenko, Lidiya Horbach, Iryna G. Kupnovytska, Tetyana Pertseva, Oleksandr Karpenko, Dmytro Reshotko, Svitlana V. Zhurba, Leonid Rudenko, Viktoriia Yu Zharinova, Valerii B. Shatylo, Yuriy I. Karpenko, Mariya A. Orynchak, Tatiana R. Kameneva, Elena Zherlitsina, Diana N. Alpenidze, Grigoriy P. Arutyunov, Elena Baranova, Boris Bart, Dmitriy I. Belenkiy, Svetlana A. Boldueva, Elena A. Demchenko, Vera V. Eltishcheva, Alexander M. Gofman, Boris M. Goloshchekin, Ivan Gennadyevich Gordeev, Nikolay Gratsianskiy, Gadel Kamalov, Niyaz R. Khasanov, Irina M. Kholina, Zhanna D. Kobalava, Elena V. Kobeleva, Alexandra O. Konradi, Victor A. Kostenko, Andrey Dmitrievich Kuimov, Polina Y. Ermakova, Sofia K. Malyutina, Alexey V. Panov, Natalia V. Polezhaeva, Olga Reshetko, Nataliya P. Shilkina, Sergey B. Shustov, Elena A. Smolyarchuk, Raisa I. Stryuk, Elena Yurievnar Solovieva, Andrey V. Susekov, Natalia Vezikova, Svetlana N. Ivanova, Alexander A. Petrov, Vladimir O. Konstantinov, Alina S. Agafina, Victor Gurevich, Konstantin N. Zrazhevskiy, Tatiana V. Supryadkina, Nikita B. Perepech, Vadim L. Arkhipovskiy, Dmitry Yu Butko, Irina A. Zobenko, Olga V. Orlikova, Viktor Mordovin, Olga L. Barbarash, Anastasiya Lebedeva, Vladimir Nosov, Oleg V. Averkov, Elena P. Pavlikova, Yuri B. Karpov, Marina Lvovna Giorgadze, Oleg A. Khrustalev, Mikhail Arkhipov, Tatiana A. Raskina, Julia V. Shilko, Yulia Samoilova, Elena D. Kosmacheva, Sergey V. Nedogoda, Kathleen Coetzee, Lesley J. Burgess, F.C.R. Theron, Iftikhar O. Ebrahim, Gerbrand A. Haasbroek, Maria Pretorius, Julien S. Trokis, Dorothea V. Urbach, Mark J. Abelson, Adrian R. Horak, Aysha E. Badat, Ellen M. Makotoko, Hendrik Du Toit Theron, Padaruth Ramlachan, Clive H. Corbett, Ismail H. Mitha, Hendrik F.M. Nortje, Dirkie J. Jansen van Rensburg, Peter J. Sebastian, F.C.J. Bester, Louis J. van Zyl, Brian L. Rayner, Elżbieta Błach, Magda Dąbrowska, Grzegorz Kania, Agata E. Kelm-Warchol, Leszek P. Kinasz, Janusz Korecki, Mariusz Kruk, Ewa Laskowska-Derlaga, Andrzej Madej, Krzysztof Saminski, Katarzyna Wasilewska, Katarzyna Szymkowiak, Małgorzata Wojciechowska, Natalia Piorowska, Andrzej Dyczek, Rajpal K. Abhaichand, Ramesh B. Byrapaneni, Basavanagowdappa Hattur, Malipeddi Bhaskara Rao, Nitin Ghaisas, Sujit Shankar Kadam, Jugal B. Gupta, Santhosh M. Jayadev, V.A. Kothiwale, Atul Mathur, Vijay Bhaskar, Ravi K. Aluri, Udaya P. Ponangi, Mukesh K. Sarna, Sunil Sathe, Manish K. Sharma, Jilendra Pal Singh Sawhney, Chakrabhavi B. Keshavamurthy, Arun Srinivas, Hemant P. Thacker, A. Sharda, Johny Joseph, Sunil Dwivedi, Viswanathan Mohan, Rajendra K. Premchand, Jacques Bedard, Jean Bergeron, Ronald Collette, David Crowley, Richard Dumas, Sam Henein, Geoff Moran, William F. O’Mahony, Michael O’Mahony, Sammy Chan, Mark H. Sherman, Graham C. Wong, Brian D. Carlson, Milan K. Gupta, David Borts, Sean R. Peterson, Martyn Chilvers, Allan J. Kelly, Jean C. Gregoire, Simon Kouz, Josep Rodés Cabau, Minodora Andor, Mircea Cinteza, Radu Ciudin, Radu I. Cojan, Roxana O. Darabont, Dan-Lucian Dumitrascu, Carmen Fierbinteanu-Braticievici, Ana Gabriela Fruntelata, Constantin Militaru, Bogdon E. Minescu, Doina Luminita Serban, Florin Mitu, Dorel Nastase Melicovici, Ovidiu Petrascu, Octavian M. Pirvu, Cristian Podoleanu, Calin Pop, Rodica-Valentina V. Stanescu-Cioranu, Adrian Tase, Cristina Voiculet, Constantine N. Aroney, Anthony M. Dart, Timothy Davis, Karam Kostner, David N. O’Neal, Peter W. Purnell, Bhuwanendu B. Singh, David R. Sullivan, Peter Thompson, Gerald F. Watts, Adam F. Blenkhorn, John V. Amerena, Rafeeq Samie, Randall Hendriks, Joseph Proietto, Nikolai Petrovsky, Alan Whelan, David Colquhoun, Russell S. Scott, Simon C. Young, Tammy Pegg, Samuel JS Wilson, Andrew W. Hamer, Richard A. Luke, Hamish H. Hart, Gerard P. Devlin, Gerard T. Wilkins, Ian F. Ternouth, Samraj Nandra, Bruno S. Loeprich, Nicole McGrath, Stuart L. Tie, Rob J. Bos, Alexandra Wils, Tamara Jacobs, Erik A. Badings, Lillian A. Ebels-Tuinbeek, Mayke L. Scholten, Esther Bayraktar-Verver, Debby Zweers, Manoek Schiks, Carolien Kalkman, Tineke Tiemes, Jeanette Mulderij, Katarzyna Dabrowska, Wilma Wijnakker, Riny Van de Loo, Jeanne de Graauw, Giny Reijnierse, Mirjam van der Zeijst, Mariska Scholten, Henk R. Hofmeijer, Antoinette van Dijk-van der Zanden, Dineke J. van Belle, Jan Van Es, Gera Van Buchem, Wendy Zijda, Harald Verheij, Linnea Oldenhof-Janssen, Martina Bader, Marije Löwik, Sandra Stuij, Pascal Vantrimpont, Krista van Aken, Karen Hamilton, Han Blömer, Gabriela van Laerhoven, Raymond Tukkie, Maarten Janssen, Gerard Verdel, Jon Funke Küpper, Bob van Vlies, Caroline Kalkman, Joke Vooges, Marinella Vermaas, Rachel Langenberg, Niek Haenen, Frans Smeets, Arko Scheepmaker, Marcel Grosfeld, Ilvy Van Lieshout, Marleen van den Berg, Marian Wittekoek, Petra Mol, Antionette Stapel, Margaretha Sierevogel, Nancy van der Ven, Annemiek Berkelmans, Eric Viergever, Hanneke Kramer, Wilma Engelen, Karen V. Houwelingen, Thierry X. Wildbergh, Arend Mosterd, Coriet Hobé-Rap, Marjan van Doorn, Petra Bunschoten, Michel Freericks, Mireille Emans, Petra Den Boer-Penning, Els Verlek, Christine Freericks, Cornelis de Nooijer, Christina Welten, Ingrid Groenenberg, Claudia van der Horst, Esther Vonk, Geert Tjeerdsma, Gerard M. Jochemsen, Corinne van Daalen, Ingrid Y. Danse, Lucy Kuipers, Anke Pieterse, Antonius Oomen, Daan de Waard, Willem Jan Flu, Zusan Kromhout, Petra Van der Bij, Rob Feld, Brigitta Hessels-Linnemeijer, Rob Lardinois, Jan L. Posma, Zwanette R. Aukema-Wouda, Marjolijn Hendriks-van Woerden, Desiree van Wijk, Driek P. Beelen, Ingrid H. Hendriks, Jan J. Jonker, Stefanie Schipperen, Vicdan Köse, Gloria Rojas, Linda Goedhart, Hanneke van Meurs, Jacqueline Rijssemus, Lindy Swinkels-Diepenmaat, Marloes de Louw-Jansen, Dominique Bierens-Peters, Willem W. van Kempen, Marianne E. Wittekoek, Irmaina Agous, Geert Schenk, Janneke Wittekoek, Kevin Cox, Deborah F. Julia, Jan J.C. Jonker, Roel Janssen, Melchor Nierman, Hilligje Katerberg, Irene van der Haar, Willem W. Van Kempen, Taco van Mesdag, Leyda M. Alvarez Costa, Manon Schensema, Salomé Zweekhorst, Deborah Font Julia, Lauri Hanewinckel, Joyce Olsthoorn, Johan C. Berends, Arie C. van der Spek, Roy van der Berg, Rob J. Timmermann, Ingrid Boerema, Iryna Mudruk, Anna Khrystoforova, Serhii Kyselov, Yaroslava V. Hilova, Pavlo Logoida, Nataliia A. Sanina, Ilona P. Golikova, Olena O. Nemchyna, Ivan I. Isaichikov, Olga B. Potapova, Iurii V. Gura, Larysa Berestetska, Olena O. Kulianda, Oleksandr Tantsura, Oleksandr S. Kulbachuk, Volodymyr Petsentiy, Ihor Biskub, Tetyana Handych, Oleg Lagkuti, Alyna Gagarina, Taras Chendey, Oksana F. Bilonko, Olena Matova, Larysa Bezrodna, Olena Yarynkina, Tetiana Ovdiienko, Volodymyr Randchenko, Maryna Mospan, Olena Butko, Olga Romanenko, Mykhailo Pavelko, Iryna Sichkaruk, Svitlana O. Lazareva, Olena A. Kudryk, Inessa M. Koltsun, Tetiana Magdalits, Sergei Zadorozhniy, Kira Kompaniiets, Andrii Ivanov, Sergiy Romanenko, Pavlo Kaplan, Vadym Y. Romanov, Oksana P. Mykytyuk, Nataliia S. Zaitseva, Sergiy N. Pyvovar, Lyudmyla Burdeuna, Emerita Serdobinska, Tatiana I. Shevchenko, Igor I. Ivanytskyi, Olena V. Khyzhnyak, Nataliya Kalinkina, Olena Keting, Olena Sklyanna, Olga Kashanska, Anna Shevelok, Marina Khristichenko, Ievgenii Y. Titov, Danilenko O. Oleksander, Nataliia S. Polenova, Nataliia Altunina, Viktoriia Kororaieva, Stanislav Zborovskiy, Leonid Kholopov, Iurii Suliman, Lanna Lukashenko, Stanislav Shvaykin, Olexandr M. Glavatskiy, Roman O. Sychov, Roman L. Kulynych, Oleksandr A. Skarzhevskyi, Nataliia V. Dovgan, Marta Horbach, Olga Cherkasova, Iryna Tyshchenko, Liudmyla Todoriuk, Svitlana Kizim, Nataliia Brodi, Oleksandr Ivanko, Olga Garbarchuk, Liudmyla Alieksieieva, Tetiana L. Shandra, Olena Beregova, Larisa An Bodretska, Svitlana S. Naskalova, Ivanna A. Antoniuk-Shcheglova, Olena V. Bondarenko, Natalia G. Andreeva, Iryna I. Vakalyuk, Olha S. Chovganyuk, Nataliya R. Artemenko, Kiril A. Maltsev, Natalia Kalishevich, Natalia G. Kondratyeva, Svetlana A. Nikitina, Maria V. Martjanova, Anna V. Sokolova, Dmitrii O. Dragunov, Olga Kolesnik, Vera Larina, Oxana V. Tsygankova, Maria Ivanova, Illia A. Karpov, Elena M. Aronova, Ekaterina S. Vedernikova, Ekaterina I. Lubinskaya, Taras Y. Burak, Sergey I. Skichko, Farhad Rasulev, Ekaterina B. Soldatova, Alexander L. Fenin, Ilya I. Laptev, Elena E. Luchinkina, Alexandr Akatov, Natalia V. Polenova, Natalia N. Slavina, Irina N. Korovnika, Marina Yu Prochorova, Regina Shakirova, Elena N. Andreicheva, Olga A. Krasnova, Tinatin V. Lobzhanidze, Tatiana B. Dmitrova, Viktoriya V. Stakhiv, Maria I. Pechatnikova, Alexandra V. Panova, Maria Y. Tipikina, Oxana P. Rotar, Nikolay A. Bokovin, Saule K. Karabalieva, Farid Y. Tumarov, Elena V. Vasileva, Natalya Gennadevna Lozhkina, Ekaterina V. Filippova, Alisa I. Sharkaeva, Ekanerina V. Filippova Deilik, Natalia Yu Tolkacheva, Elena N. Domracheva, Andrey N. Ryabikov, Inga T. Abesadze, Marianna Z. Alugishvili, Elena P. Nikolaeva, Nadezda V. Smirnova, Valentina I. Rodionova, Polina V. Dolovstaya, Igor E. Yunonin, Sergey V. Kadin, Tatyana S. Sveklina, Anna V. Bushmanova, Elena L. Barkova, Irina S. Gomova, Yana V. Brytkova, Tatiana B. Ivanova, Marina Y. Zubareva, Inga Skopets, Lybov A. Galashevskaya, Emilia D. Butinskaya, Olga G. Gusarova, Natalia B. Kalishevich, Yana R. Pavlova, Marianna P Serebrenitskaya, Vitalina F. Grygorieva, Gulnara R. Kuchaeva, Inna A. Vasileva, Gulnara I. Ospanova, Yulia V. Vahrusheva, Irina A. Semenova, Irina E.E. Mikhailova, Olga O. Kvasova, Valeria D. Shurygina, Alexey E. Rivin, Alexey O. Savelyev, Alexey A. Savelyev, Olesya O. Milyaeva, Nadezhda N. Lapshina, Ninel A. Lantsova, Pavel V. Alexandrov, Evgeniy A. Orlikov, Alla Falkovskaya, Tatiana Ripp, Sergei Triss, Stanislav Pekarskiy, Sitkova Ekaterina, Evgeniya N. Zhuravleva, Olga Perova, Galina Kovaleva, Liubov Koroleva, Lydia Mishchenko, Boris P. Garshin, Svetlana A. Kutuzova, Lyudmila I. Provotorova, Igor P. Zadvorny, Olga V. Okhapkina, Anatoly O. Khrustalev, Tatiana Suvorova, Elena S. Shaf, Varvara A. Vershinina, Andrey A. Kozulin, Oxana A. Oleynik, Irina Y. Martynova, Natalia V. Kizhvatova, Alla S. Salasyuk, Vera V. Tsoma, Alla A. Ledyaeva, Elena V. Chumachek, S.C. Blignaut, Tersia Y. Alexander, Chano Du Plessis, Thirumani Govender, Samatha M. Du Toit, Leya Motala, Areesh Gassiep, Christina Naude (Smit), Marli Terblanche, Marlien Snoer (Kruger), Berenice Pillay, De Vries Basson, Marisa E. Theron, Bianca Fouche, Mareli E. Coetzee, Pieter Odendall, Frederik H. Van Wijk, Anna-Mari Conradie, Trudie Van der Westhuizen, Carine Tredoux, Mohamed S. Mookdam, Andie J. Van der Merwe, Karin Snyman, Gerda Smal, Yvonne De Jager, Thomas A. Mabin, Annusca King, Lindy L. Henley, Brenda M. Zwane, Jane Robinson, Marinda Karsten, Andonia M. Page, Valerie Nsabiyumva, Charmaine Krahenbuhl, Jaiprakash D. Patel, Yunus E. Motala, Ayesha Dawood, Nondumiso B. Koza, Lenore M.S. Peters, Shavashni Ramlachan, Wilhelm J. Bodenstein, Pierre Roux, Lizelle Fouche, Cecilia M. Boshoff, Haroon M. Mitha, Fathima Khan, Henry P. Cyster, Helen Cyster, E. C. Wessels, Florence J. Jacobs, Melanie A. Sebastian, Deborah A. Sebastian, Nadia Mahomed, Ignatius P. Immink, Celia Cotzee, Tanja Cronje, Madele Roscher, Maria Le Roux, Yvonne A. Trinder, Renata Wnętrzak-Michalska, Magdalena Piszczek, Andrzej Piela, Ewa Czernecka, Dorota Knychas, Alina Walczak, Izabella Gładysz, Katarzyna Filas, Ewelina Kiluk, Krzysztof Świgło, Iwona Jędrzejczyk, Kamila Łuczyńska, Katarzyna Tymendorf, Wojciech Piesiewicz, Wojciech L. Kinasz, Stefan Samborski, Ilona Bartuś, Gramzyna Latocha Korecka, Ewa Gulaj, Jolanta Sopa, Bogusław Derlaga, Marcin Baisiak, Allicia Kowalisko, Edyta Stainszewska-Marasazlek, Bartosz Szafran, Malgorzata Swiatkiewicz, Artur Racewicz, Sławomir Grycel, Jerzy Supronik, Sylwia Walendziuk, Magdalena Tarantowicz, Agata Stasiak, Anna Sidorowicz-Białynicka, Marek Dwojak, Ewa Jaźwińska-Tarnawska, Katarzyna Kupczyk, Kamila Martowska, Kamila Kulon, Katarzyna Gajda, Bivin Wilson, Krithika Velusamy, Swaidha S. Sadhiq, Bhavani Siddeshi, M. Bhanukumar, Abhishek Srivatsav, Madhan Ramesh, Sri Harsha Chalasani, Mini Johnson, Prashanth Gopu, Jeesa George, Sowmya Reddy, Swetha Tessy Thara Eleena, Damodara Rao Kodem, Haritha N. Nakkella, Padma Kumari Mandula, Anjan Kumar Vuriya, Syamala Rajana, Aruna Kale, Tiwari Rajeev, Raina Jain, Vipin Jain, Srilakshmi Mandayam Adhyapak, Lumin Sheeba, Uma C R, Ramya R, Aditya V. Kulkarni, M.S. Ganachari, Ruma Sambrekar, Mohammad Bilal, Kalyan Chakravarthy, Ravi Badhavath, Sravan Kumar, Meenakshi Simhadri, Farooque Salamuddin, Venkat Prasad, Vivek Dwivedi, Sudha Sarna, Tilak Arora, Deepak Chawla, Archana Sathe, Chaware Gayatree, Ajeet Nanda, Ram Avtar, Jyoti Sharma, Vaibhavi P S, Sasirekha D, Deepthi Kobbajji, Ramya Ningappa, Shwetha Shree, Chandrashekar K, Nandini M R, Sowjanya S, Devika I G, Yashaswini N, Sonika G, Rathna L, Priyanka R, Rupal J. Shrimanker, Lakshmi Vinutha Reddy, K. Sumathi, Babitha Devi, Bina N. Naik, Rohini Manjunath, Rajeshwari Ashok, Tony V. Kunjumon, Jesline Thomas, Shaik Samdhani, Kasthuri Selvam, Poongothai Subramani, Nandakumar Parthasarathy, Nirmal K. Bohra, Anvesh K. Gatla, Cheryl Horbatuk, Julie Sills, E B. Davey, Liz Paramonczyk, Olga Racanelli, Sandy Strybosch, Andre Belanger, Jean Palardy, Alicia Schiffrin, Sylvie Gauthier, Norman Kalyniuk, Shawn D. Whatley, Heather Lappala, Grishma Patel, Matthew Reeve, Catherine Moran, Jody Everitt, Teresa Ferrari, Christine Bouffard, Jirir Frohlich, Gordon Francis, John Mancini, Gregory Bondy, Debbie DeAngelis, Patricia Fulton, David W. Blank, Angela Lombardo, Mylène Roy, Jackie Chow, Hyman Fox, William J. Grootendorst, Angela Hutchinson, Sharon M. Chan, Christie Fitzgerald, Lynn Wilkins, Rebecca L. Raymond, Arlene Reyes, Lavoie Marc André, Denis Fortin, Hélène Ouimet, Thanh-Thao Tôn-Nu, Martine Dussureault, Marie-Hélène Blain, Madeleine Roy, Nathalie Kopajko, Chantal Fleury, Karine Maheux, Gabriela Valentina Ciobotaru, Maria C. Constantinescu, Carmen-Lucia Gherghinescu, Ana-Maria Avram, Ioan Manitiu, Aura Sinpetrean, Lucian Pop, Delia Lupu, Radu Usvat, Ana Petrisor, Nicoleta Dumitru, Camelia Moruju, Adelina Gheorghita, Magda V. Mitu, Cosmin Macarie, Ana Maria Pop, Maria-Catalina Diaconu, Iulia Grancea, Mihaela Cosma, Mihaela Crisan, Elizabeth Herron, Paul Nestel, Sally B. Kay, Kaye S. Carter, Imran Badshah, Ashley Makepeace, Jocelyn Drinkwater, Michelle England, Azette Rafei, Kylie Patterson, Alicia Jenkins, Sybil McAuley, Sue M. Kent, Joy E. Vibert, Leonie Perrett, Thomas David, Samantha L. Kaye, Monika O’Connor, Nimalie J. Perera, Nicole T. Lai, Kerry A. Kearins, Christinia Dicamillo, Heather Anderson, Louise Ferguson, Sharon D. Radtke, Charles T. Thamarappillil, Janice M. Boys, Anita K. Long, Toni Shanahan, Michael Nyguyen, Nicole Forrest, Gill Tulloch, Della Greenwell, Sarah L. Price, Aye N. Tint, Priya K. Sumithran, Tamara L. Debreceni, Lisa Walker, Mary Caruana, Kira Edwards, Maria Stathopoulos, Cilla Haywood, Dimitar Sajkov, Sharen Pringle, Anne Tabner, Kathrina Bartolay, Chamindi Abeyratne, Kylie Bragg, Patrick Mulhern, Peter Purnell, Lyn Williams, Jane Hamlyn, Aurelia Connelly, Jan Hoffman, Samantha Bailey, Jane Kerr, Zarnia Morrison, Sarah Maeder, Roberta McEwan, Prasanna Kunasekera, Patrice McGregor, Jo Young, Sharon Berry, Rick Cutfield, Michelle Choe, Catherine McNamara, Narrinder K. Shergill, Petra Crone, Miles G. Williams, Keith Dyson, Diana H. Schmid, Audrey C. Doak, Melissa Spooner, Colin Edwards, Anne Turner, Grainne M. McAnnalley, Raewyn A. Fisher, Fraser B. Hamilton, Denis H. Friedlander, Melissa R. Kirk, Jayne E. Scales, Marguerite A. McLelland, Neelam A. Dalman, Cathy E. Vickers, Carolyn Jackson, Wendy Coleman, Phillip I. Garden, and Wendy F. Arnold

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Rate ratio, Double-Blind Method, Ischemia, Risk Factors, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, medicine, Clinical endpoint, Humans, Myocardial infarction, Coronary Artery Bypass, Stroke, Aged, business.industry, Unstable angina, Hazard ratio, Absolute risk reduction, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Eicosapentaenoic Acid, Number needed to treat, Cardiology, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract

Background: Despite advances in surgery and pharmacotherapy, there remains significant residual ischemic risk after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. Methods: In REDUCE-IT (Reduction of Cardiovascular Events With Icosapent Ethyl–Intervention Trial), a multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial, statin-treated patients with controlled low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and mild to moderate hypertriglyceridemia were randomized to 4 g daily of icosapent ethyl or placebo. They experienced a 25% reduction in risk of a primary efficacy end point (composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary revascularization, or hospitalization for unstable angina) and a 26% reduction in risk of a key secondary efficacy end point (composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke) when compared with placebo. The current analysis reports on the subgroup of patients from the trial with a history of coronary artery bypass grafting. Results: Of the 8179 patients randomized in REDUCE-IT, a total of 1837 (22.5%) had a history of coronary artery bypass grafting, with 897 patients randomized to icosapent ethyl and 940 to placebo. Baseline characteristics were similar between treatment groups. Randomization to icosapent ethyl was associated with a significant reduction in the primary end point (hazard ratio [HR], 0.76 [95% CI, 0.63–0.92]; P =0.004), in the key secondary end point (HR, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.56–0.87]; P =0.001), and in total (first plus subsequent or recurrent) ischemic events (rate ratio, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.50–0.81]; P =0.0002) compared with placebo. This yielded an absolute risk reduction of 6.2% (95% CI, 2.3%–10.2%) in first events, with a number needed to treat of 16 (95% CI, 10–44) during a median follow-up time of 4.8 years. Safety findings were similar to the overall study: beyond an increased rate of atrial fibrillation/flutter requiring hospitalization for at least 24 hours (5.0% vs 3.1%; P =0.03) and a nonsignificant increase in bleeding, occurrences of adverse events were comparable between groups. Conclusions: In REDUCE-IT patients with a history of coronary artery bypass grafting, treatment with icosapent ethyl was associated with significant reductions in first and recurrent ischemic events. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT01492361.

Published
2021
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7. Relation of Transthoracic Echocardiographic Aortic Regurgitation to Pressure Half-time and All-Cause Mortality

Author

Lawrence J. Markson, Eli V. Gelfand, Jordan B. Strom, Connie A. Tsao, and Warren J. Manning

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Aortic Valve Insufficiency, Diastole, Regurgitation (circulation), 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Single Center, Article, Pressure half time, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Aortic valve replacement, Internal medicine, Cause of Death, medicine, Humans, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Aged, 80 and over, Proportional hazards model, business.industry, Retrospective cohort study, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, Echocardiography, Infective endocarditis, Cardiology, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract

To evaluate the relation of aortic regurgitation (AR) pressure half-time (PHT) on transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and all-cause mortality, we screened 118,647 baseline TTE reports from 2000–2017, to identify patients with any AR and PHT data. Patients with infective endocarditis or prior aortic valve replacement were excluded. The relationship of baseline PHT on time to all-cause mortality was evaluated using Cox regression. A total of 2,653 individuals were included (73.1 ± 14.3 years; 53.8% female; PHT, 530 ± 162 ms). Individuals with shorter PHTs more frequently had 3–4+ AR (PHT ≤ 200 ms vs. > 500 ms, 17.9% vs. 0.6%, p < 0.0001). Diastolic parameters (E/e’, E/A ratio, mitral valve deceleration time, pulmonary artery systolic pressure) all significantly correlated with PHT (all p < 0.05). Over a median (IQR) follow-up of 8 (4–11 years), there were 799 (30.1%) deaths at a median (IQR) of 1.9 (0.4–4.3) years. On a univariate basis, a PHT ≤ 320 ms or > 750 ms was significantly related to increased mortality, even amongst those with nonsevere AR. After multivariable adjustment (in particular for E/e’), PHT was no longer significantly related to death. In conclusion, in this large, single center, retrospective study, AR PHT was not independently related to mortality. While a PHT ≤ 320 ms was associated with increased mortality in individuals without severe AR, this relationship was no longer significant after adjusting for diastolic functional variables. Thus, a PHT ≤ 320 ms in individuals without significant AR may indicate prognostically-relevant diastolic dysfunction.

Published
2020

8. Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Flutter

Author

Vladimir Kaplinskiy and Eli V. Gelfand

Subjects
Response rate (survey), medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Atrial fibrillation, Treatment goals, Transesophageal echocardiogram, medicine.disease, Cardioversion, Internal medicine, Heart failure, medicine, Cardiology, cardiovascular diseases, business, Stroke, Atrial flutter
Abstract

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia in the inpatient setting. It is often precipitated by physical stressors such as acute illness or surgery and can result in patient discomfort, hemodynamic instability, heart failure and thromboembolism. Prevention of stroke with risk-based application of systemic anticoagulation is the most important treatment goal, while numerous pharmacologic and procedure-based therapies are available for control of ventricular response rate and the rhythm itself.

Published
2020
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10. Valvular Heart Disease: Classic Teaching and Emerging Paradigms

Author

Eli V. Gelfand and D. Marshall Brinkley

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, valvular heart disease, Heart Valve Diseases, General Medicine, Disease, medicine.disease, Sudden death, Clinical trial, Stenosis, Valve replacement, Echocardiography, Heart Valve Prosthesis, Heart failure, Internal medicine, medicine, Cardiology, Humans, Stents, Disease management (health), business
Abstract

Valvular heart disease is both prevalent and increases with age. The final pathway of valvular disease is heart failure and sometimes sudden death, so clinicians must identify and treat it before these endpoints occur. Noninvasive diagnostic modalities such as echocardiography, exercise tolerance testing, and cardiac magnetic resonance provide additional quantitative, qualitative, and prognostic data. Studies have elucidated predictors of disease progression and potential medical therapies, but the niche of valvular disease has benefited relatively less from randomized controlled clinical trials than other cardiovascular disease fields. New invasive techniques like transcatheter valve replacement offer hope for high-risk operative candidates. We review classic teaching with current guidelines and emphasize recent advances in disease management.

Published
2013
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11. Association of TIMI Myocardial Perfusion Grade and ST-segment resolution with cardiovascular magnetic resonance measures of microvascular obstruction and infarct size following ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

Author

Eli V. Gelfand, Evan Appelbaum, Yuri B. Pride, C. Michael Gibson, Ajay J. Kirtane, Kraig V. Kissinger, Alicia Clark, Warren J. Manning, and Caitlin J. Harrigan

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Population, Myocardial Infarction, Coronary Angiography, Electrocardiography, Coronary Circulation, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, ST segment, Thrombolytic Therapy, cardiovascular diseases, Myocardial infarction, Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary, education, Aged, education.field_of_study, Ejection fraction, business.industry, Microcirculation, Percutaneous coronary intervention, Stroke Volume, Hematology, Thrombolysis, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, surgical procedures, operative, Cardiovascular Diseases, Conventional PCI, Cardiology, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, TIMI
Abstract

Background Impairment of coronary microvascular perfusion is common among patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) can identify microvascular obstruction (MO) following reperfusion of STEMI. We hypothesized that myocardial perfusion, as assessed by the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) Myocardial Perfusion Grade (TMPG), would be associated with a CMR metric of MO in this population. Methods Twenty-one STEMI patients who underwent successful primary PCI were evaluated. Contrast-enhanced CMR was performed within 7 days of presentation and repeated at three months. TIMI Flow Grade (TFG), corrected TIMI Frame Count (cTFC), TMPG, MO, infarct size, and left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) were assessed. Results The median peak creatine phosphokinase (CPK) was 1,775 IU/l (interquartile range 838–3,321). TFG 3 was present following PCI in 19 (90%) patients. CMR evidence of MO was present in 52% following PCI. Abnormal post-PCI TMPG (0/1/2) was present in 48% of subjects and was associated with MO on CMR (90% MO with TMPG 0/1/2 vs. 18% MO with TMPG 3, P

Published
2008
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12. Myocardial infarction: contemporary management strategies

Author

Christopher P. Cannon and Eli V. Gelfand

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Myocardial Infarction, MEDLINE, Myocardial Reperfusion, Thrombolysis, Revascularization, medicine.disease, Reperfusion therapy, Internal medicine, Angioplasty, Antithrombotic, Internal Medicine, medicine, Cardiology, Humans, Thrombolytic Therapy, Myocardial infarction diagnosis, Myocardial infarction, Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary, business, Intensive care medicine
Abstract

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a common clinical diagnosis, associated with significant morbidity and mortality, not only in the short term, but also years following the index event. A more complete understanding of the pathophysiology of MI has ushered the era of multipronged treatment approach, with a combination of goal-directed revascularization, a broad adjunctive pharmacological therapy and aggressive secondary prevention measures. The goals of this article are to review the basic pathophysiological processes, which lead up to a clinical diagnosis of MI, to highlight the essential elements of clinical presentation and to summarize the evidence for comprehensive therapy. Emphasis has been placed on the choice of primary reperfusion therapy for ST-elevation MI, on risk-stratification of patients with non-ST elevation MI, and on rationale behind the selection of anti-ischaemic and antithrombotic therapy. Finally, evidence-based approach to secondary prevention is outlined.

Published
2007
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13. Noninfectious Mitral Annular Disruption

Author

Eli V. Gelfand and Kamal R. Khabbaz

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Mitral regurgitation, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Mitral Valve Insufficiency, Poison control, Hemothorax, medicine.disease, Surgery, Tracheotomy, Physiology (medical), Orthopedic surgery, Closed head injury, medicine, Humans, Mitral Valve, Accidental Falls, Thoracotomy, Transthoracic echocardiogram, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Ultrasonography
Abstract

A previously healthy 35-year-old man fell from a height of 25 meters while pruning a tree. His fall was somewhat slowed by the untrimmed tree branches. The ground impact focused on the right thorax and axilla, with resultant closed head injury, right clavicular fracture, and multiple right-sided rib fractures with pneumo- and hemothorax. Emergent tube thoracotomy, tracheotomy, and orthopedic interventions were conducted. The patient’s 10-day hospital course was notable for steady improvement, and, other than for a mild traumatic brain injury, he felt well on discharge. Prior to discharge, a loud holosystolic murmur, consistent with mitral regurgitation, was auscultated. The patient remained afebrile and there was no evidence of heart failure or systemic embolic phenomena. A transthoracic echocardiogram done during the admission was suggestive of severe mitral …

Published
2015
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14. Association of glomerular filtration rate on presentation with subsequent mortality in non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome; observations in 13307 patients in five TIMI trials

Author

C. Michael Gibson, Raphaelle Dumaine, Stephen D. Wiviott, Eugene Braunwald, David A. Morrow, Elliott M. Antman, Eli V. Gelfand, Sabina A. Murphy, Christopher P. Cannon, and Robert P. Giugliano

Subjects
Male, Acute coronary syndrome, medicine.medical_specialty, Renal function, Coronary Disease, urologic and male genital diseases, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Humans, Multicenter Studies as Topic, Medicine, Stroke, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Framingham Risk Score, business.industry, Mortality rate, ST elevation, Middle Aged, Prognosis, medicine.disease, Surgery, Cardiology, Female, Kidney Diseases, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Intracranial Hemorrhages, TIMI, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Kidney disease
Abstract

Aims To determine the association of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) with clinical outcomes in the setting of non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE-ACS). Methods and results Data were pooled from five NSTE-ACS TIMI trials (TIMI 11A and B, TIMI 12, OPUS-TIMI 16 and TACTICS-TIMI 18) and were available in 13 307 patients. GFR was assessed as a continuous and a categorical variable (normal: ⩾90 mL/min/1.73 m2, n =4952; mildly decreased: 60-89 mL/min/1.73 m2, n =6262; and moderately to severely decreased GFR

Published
2004
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15. Antibiotics for secondary prevention of coronary artery disease: an ACES hypothesis but we need to PROVE IT

Author

Eli V. Gelfand and Christopher P. Cannon

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Arteriosclerosis, Myocardial Infarction, Coronary Disease, Inflammation, Disease, Infections, Coronary artery disease, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, Humans, Serum amyloid A, Chlamydophila Infections, Cause of death, business.industry, Acute-phase protein, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, medicine.disease, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Endocrinology, Cardiovascular Diseases, Immunology, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Dyslipidemia
Abstract

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death in the Western world, and atherosclerosis is responsible for virtually all of the cases. An understanding of atherosclerosis as an inflammatory process, rather than just a disease of lipid accumulation, has evolved over the recent years. There is compelling evidence that elevated levels of inflammatory mediators (interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]), cell adhesion molecules (intercellular adhesion molecule-1, P-selectin, E-selectin), and acute phase reactants (Creactive protein, fibrinogen, serum amyloid A) correlate with increased vascular risk. Oxidized lipoproteins, components of the renin-angiotensin system, high serum glucose, and obesity serve as potential triggers for inflammation in atherogenesis. These triggers are instantly recognizable as components of such risk factors for atherosclerosis as dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. However, while epidemiologic evidence for these and other “traditional” risk factors, such as age, gender, smoking, and family history of CAD is well established, a significant proportion of patients with symptomatic atherosclerosis fail to demonstrate any of them. An exploration of potential novel risk factors for CAD has been advocated, and the influence of infection as a contributor to atherogenic inflammation has since emerged as one of the attractive targets for basic scientific and clinical investigation.

Published
2004
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16. In Memoriam: Robert L. Berger, 1930-2016

Author

Jeremy M. Robbins and Eli V. Gelfand

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Portrait, business.industry, MEDLINE, Art history, Historical Article, Medicine, Surgery, Biography, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Published
2016
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17. Venous Thromboembolism Guidebook

Author

Samuel Z. Goldhaber, Gregory Piazza, and Eli V. Gelfand

Subjects
Venous thrombosis, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, medicine.disease, Intensive care medicine, business, Venous thromboembolism, Pulmonary embolism
Abstract

This venous thromboembolism guidebook incorporates evolving contemporary concepts in diagnosis and management of pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep venous thrombosis (DVT) into a user-friendly menu. The purpose of this document is to provide a literature-based review of the current clinical approach to venous thromboembolism and up-to-date references for further study in this important topic.

Published
2002
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18. Comparison of intracardiac echocardiography and transesophageal echocardiography for imaging of the right and left atrial appendages

Author

Alexei Shvilkin, Charles I. Haffajee, Alfred E. Buxton, Peter Zimetbaum, Elad Anter, Mark E. Josephson, Eli V. Gelfand, Cory M. Tschabrunn, Warren J. Manning, and Joshua R. Silverstein

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Catheter ablation, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, medicine.artery, Atrial Fibrillation, medicine, Medical imaging, Ventricular outflow tract, Humans, Atrial Appendage, cardiovascular diseases, Prospective Studies, Esophagus, Thrombus, business.industry, Atrial fibrillation, Middle Aged, Ablation, medicine.disease, medicine.anatomical_structure, Atrial Flutter, Echocardiography, Pulmonary artery, cardiovascular system, Cardiology, Catheter Ablation, Female, Radiology, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, human activities, Echocardiography, Transesophageal
Abstract

Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is the standard for diagnosis of atrial thrombi and is performed before ablation of atrial arrhythmias. Intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) is routinely used during these procedures and may provide an alternative imaging modality.The purpose of this study was to compare TEE and ICE for right atrial appendage (RAA) and left atrial appendage (LAA) anatomy and thrombus.This prospective blinded study enrolled 71 patients with atrial arrhythmias who presented for ablation. TEE and ICE were performed simultaneously to assess the RAA and LAA for thrombi, spontaneous echo contrast, and dimensions. ICE images were acquired sequentially from the right atrium, right ventricular outflow tract, and the pulmonary artery.Imaging of the RAA and LAA was achieved in all 71 patients using ICE but in only in 69 patients using TEE because of inability to intubate the esophagus. A total of 4 thrombi were diagnosed (3 LAA, 1 RAA). All were detected by ICE but only 1 by TEE. Diagnostic imaging of the LAA was achieved in 71 patients (100%) with ICE and in 62 patients (87.3%) with TEE (P.002). Spontaneous echo contrast was more commonly diagnosed with ICE (P.01). There was strong correlation between TEE and ICE for length (r = 0.71), width (r = 0.94), and area (r = 0.88) of the LAA. Image quality with ICE was highest from the pulmonary artery and lowest from the right atrium.ICE imaging is a viable alternative to TEE for visualization of the LAA and RAA during catheter ablation procedures.

Published
2014

19. Left Atrial Size and Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation

Author

Warren J. Manning and Eli V. Gelfand

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Cardiovascular risk factors, Atrial fibrillation, Disease, medicine.disease, Geometric distortion, Surgery, Left atrial, Internal medicine, Cardiology, Medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Cardiovascular outcomes
Abstract

Left atrial (LA) size serves as a marker of cardiovascular risk factors, an indicator of existing cardiac disease, and a predictor of cardiovascular outcomes ([1–4][1]), as well as the source of disease itself. Both LA dilation and geometric distortion may be primary or may be secondary to left

Published
2006
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20. Severe Mitral Regurgitation in Hypovolemic Shock Masquerading as Mitral Valve Perforation

Author

Michael C. Gavin, Colin T. Phillips, and Eli V. Gelfand

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Hypovolemia, Perforation (oil well), 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Severity of Illness Index, Ventricular Outflow Obstruction, Diagnosis, Differential, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Mitral valve, Systolic heart murmur, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Periodontitis, Mitral regurgitation, Left ventricular outflow obstruction, business.industry, Mitral Valve Insufficiency, Shock, Endocarditis, Bacterial, Echocardiography, Doppler, Color, medicine.anatomical_structure, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Shock (circulatory), Cardiology, Heart murmur, Differential diagnosis, medicine.symptom, business, Echocardiography, Transesophageal
Published
2016
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21. MORE VOLUME LIFTS AN ANCHOR: SEVERE MITRAL REGURGITATION IN HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK MASQUERADING AS MITRAL VALVE PERFORATION

Author

Colin T. Phillips and Eli V. Gelfand

Subjects
Mitral regurgitation, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Perforation (oil well), Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, medicine.disease, Surgery, medicine.anatomical_structure, Mitral valve, Hypovolemia, Anterior mitral leaflet, Internal medicine, Shock (circulatory), cardiovascular system, medicine, Cardiology, cardiovascular diseases, Interventricular septum, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract

Systolic anterior motion (SAM) of the mitral valve is a loading-dependent process where the anterior mitral leaflet may approximate the interventricular septum. While most often associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dynamic SAM and mitral regurgitation (MR) can occur with profound hypovolemia

Published
2016
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22. Care of patients with apparently asymptomatic severe aortic valve stenosis

Author

Mary Ann Williamson and Eli V. Gelfand

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Exercise Tolerance, business.industry, Reviews, General Medicine, Aortic Valve Stenosis, medicine.disease, Asymptomatic, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Imaging modalities, Stenosis, Echocardiography, Aortic valve stenosis, Internal medicine, Cardiology, medicine, Biomarker (medicine), Humans, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Medical therapy
Abstract

Although most asymptomatic patients with aortic stenosis (AS) have an excellent prognosis with observation only, some patients with severely stenotic aortic valves in the absence of symptoms may benefit from early intervention. In this article, we will review the literature on the use of varied imaging modalities, clinical factors, and biomarker testing to risk stratify such patients. Additionally, we will review the role of medical therapy to modify the course in AS. Clin. Cardiol. 2012 DOI: 10.1002/clc.22072 The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.

Published
2012

24. Predictors of preserved left ventricular systolic function after surgery for chronic organic mitral regurgitation: a prospective study

Author

Eli V, Gelfand, Jessica A, Haffajee, Thomas H, Hauser, Susan B, Yeon, Lois, Goepfert, Kraig V, Kissinger, Ralph, Delatorre, and Warren J, Manning

Subjects
Adult, Male, Systole, Mitral Valve Insufficiency, Middle Aged, Ventricular Function, Left, Chronic Disease, Multivariate Analysis, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Humans, Female, Postoperative Period, Prospective Studies, Aged
Abstract

For patients with chronic severe mitral regurgitation (MR), one consideration for the timing of mitral valve surgery is the desire to have a preserved postoperative left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). It was hypothesized that the preoperative left ventricular (LV) volume and effective forward LVEF (defined as the ratio of forward aortic stroke volume and LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV)) would accurately predict the intermediate (three-month) LVEF following surgery. It was also hypothesized that at years after successful surgical correction, there would be ongoing positive ventricular remodeling with improvements in systolic function. A quantitative volumetric cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) system was used prospectively to study these relationships, and to define predictors of postoperative LV systolic function after surgery for chronic severe MR.Twenty patients (eight females, 12 males; mean age 52 +/-12 years) with chronic severe MR, who had been referred for elective mitral valve repair or replacement with chordal preservation, were prospectively enrolled. All patients underwent quantitative CMR with assessment of LV volume, LVEF, and effective forward LVEF prior to, and at three months after, surgery. Fourteen of the patients returned at a median of 27 months after valve surgery for repeat CMR.The preoperative LVEF was normal in 90% of patients (0.62 +/- 0.09), but the effective forward LVEF was depressed in all subjects (0.36 +/- 0.09). Compared to preoperative values, at three months after surgery the LVEF had declined by 0.16 +/- 0.08 (p0.001), whereas the effective forward LVEF was increased by 0.09 +/- 0.10 (p0.001) and the LV end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVI) had declined by 32% (p0.001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between postoperative LVEF and both preoperative LV end-systolic volume index (LVESVI) (p = 0.003) and the preoperative effective forward LVEF (p = 0.05). A depressed postoperative LVEF (0.50) during the early period was best predicted by a preoperative effective forward LVEF0.40 (sensitivity 100%, specificity 75%). At the 27-month follow up, 12 of the 14 patients (86%) had a normal LVEF, and there was a continuing normalization of other LV parameters, including the LVEDVI and LV mass index.Among patients with chronic severe MR, the preoperative LVESVI best correlated with the three-month postoperative LVEF. A preoperative effective forward LVEF0.40 accurately predicted a depressed postoperative LVEE. Over the succeeding two years, there will be ongoing positive LV remodeling. If confirmed in a larger series, the effective forward LVEF may serve as a useful clinical guide for the timing of corrective surgery in this population.

Published
2010

25. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging for valvular heart disease

Author

Angela Morello and Eli V. Gelfand

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Noninvasive imaging, Cardiac anatomy, Aortic Valve Insufficiency, Heart Valve Diseases, Imaging modalities, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, cardiovascular diseases, Ultrasonography, Mitral Valve Prolapse, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, valvular heart disease, Magnetic resonance imaging, Vascular surgery, equipment and supplies, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency, Cardiac surgery, Pulmonary Valve Stenosis, Heart failure, Heart Valve Prosthesis, cardiovascular system, Emergency Medicine, Cardiology, Radiology, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract

Valvular heart disease (VHD) is a clinically important diagnosis, with significant associated morbidity and mortality. Multiple imaging modalities exist to characterize valvular and associated cardiac anatomy. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has emerged as a comprehensive noninvasive imaging modality for VHD. With use of well-established, standardized imaging sequences, CMR can accurately and precisely diagnose valvular structural abnormalities, assess severity of regurgitant and stenotic lesions, and potentially define patient prognosis. This article reviews the clinical applications of CMR in assessment of VHD.

Published
2009

31. Diagnosis of Acute Coronary Syndrome

Author

Eli V. Gelfand and Alisa B. Rosen

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Acute coronary syndrome, business.industry, medicine, Intensive care medicine, medicine.disease, business
Published
2009
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32. Complications of Acute Coronary Syndrome

Author

Eli V. Gelfand and Jan M. Pattanayak

Subjects
Acute coronary syndrome, medicine.medical_specialty, Left Ventricular Aneurysm, Pump failure, business.industry, Internal medicine, Cardiology, Medicine, Electrocardiography in myocardial infarction, business, medicine.disease
Published
2009
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33. Venous Thromboembolism Guidebook, fourth edition

Author

Gregory Piazza, Eli V. Gelfand, and Samuel Z. Goldhaber

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Venous thrombosis, business.industry, Medicine, cardiovascular diseases, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Intensive care medicine, medicine.disease, Venous thromboembolism, Pulmonary embolism
Abstract

The field of venous thromboembolism (VTE) has seen tremendous growth since the last edition of the “Venous Thromboembolism Guidebook.” This fifth edition incorporates contemporary concepts in diagnosis, management, and prevention of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) into a practical and user-friendly format. The purpose of the guidebook is to provide a literature-based review of the current clinical approach to VTE as well as up-to-date references for further study.

Published
2008

34. Rimonabant: the role of endocannabinoid type 1 receptor antagonism in modulating the weight and lipid profile of obese patients

Author

Eli V. Gelfand, Christopher P. Cannon, and Christopher T. Dibble

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Rimonabant, Piperidines, Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1, Weight loss, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators, medicine, Humans, Obesity, Abdominal obesity, Glycemic, Metabolic Syndrome, Behavior, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, medicine.disease, Lipid Metabolism, Endocannabinoid system, Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Pyrazoles, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Lipid profile, business, Dyslipidemia, medicine.drug, Endocannabinoids
Abstract

Rimonabant is a selective blocker of the CB(1) cannabinoid receptor that has been developed for treatment of abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, and control of diabetes. Four randomized clinical trials have demonstrated that following 1 year of treatment, 20 mg/d of rimonabant is associated with greater weight loss and reduction in waist circumference compared with placebo. Therapy with rimonabant is associated with favorable changes in serum high-density lipoprotein and triglycerides, as well as with an improvement in glycemic control among obese type 2 diabetic patients. Rimonabant appears to be well tolerated, with the most common side effects being nausea, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Rimonabant is a novel agent that has the potential to be a useful adjunct to lifestyle and behavior modification in treatment of abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, and dysglycemia.

Published
2007

35. Abstract 3037: Long-Term Positive Left Ventricular Remodeling After Correction of Severe Organic Mitral Regurgitation: A Pilot Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Study

Author

Jessica A Haffajee, Thomas H Hauser, Ralph de la Torre, Warren J Manning, and Eli V Gelfand

Subjects
Physiology (medical), Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Abstract

Background : One of the goals of referring patients with chronic severe organic mitral regurgitation (MR) for corrective mitral valve surgery (MVR) is preservation of postoperative global left ventricular (LV) systolic function. Using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) methods, we have previously reported an intermediate decline in postoperative LV ejection fraction (LVEF). We hypothesized that years following successful surgical correction, there would be evidence of ongoing positive ventricular remodeling with improvement in systolic function and used quantitative CMR to prospectively test this hypothesis. Methods : Fourteen patients (50% female, 55 +/− 11.3 yrs) underwent elective MVR for severe organic MR. Quantitative CMR was performed preoperatively and at median times of 3 months and 27 months following MVR. Results : See Table . At 3 mo, postoperative LVEF declined by 27% (p Conclusions : In this prospective pilot study, we demonstrate ongoing positive LV remodeling beyond the intermediate postoperative period. These changes likely reflect normalization of cardiac hemodynamics following correction of MR with decreases in ventricular volumes and mass as well as preservation of systolic function. Comparison of LV parameters preoperatively, at 3 mo, and at 27 mo following MVR

Published
2007
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37. Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysm With Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction

Author

Michael T. Johnstone, Dorota Bzymek, and Eli V. Gelfand

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Ultrasound, Regurgitation (circulation), medicine.disease, medicine.anatomical_structure, Aneurysm, Parasternal line, Ventricle, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, cardiovascular system, medicine, Cardiology, Ventricular outflow tract, cardiovascular diseases, Radiology, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Vein, business, Sinus (anatomy)
Abstract

A 78-year-old man presented with new exertional dyspnea. Physical examination demonstrated a parasternal thrill that was associated with a systolic murmur, and mild edema of the lower extremities. Transthoracic 2-dimensional and real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography demonstrated a 5.3×4.5-cm aneurysm of the right sinus of Valsalva (Figures 1 and 2⇓ and Movie I). There was moderate to severe aortic regurgitation. The aneurysm protruded into the right ventricular outflow tract, and color Doppler showed turbulent flow around the aneurysm with a peak systolic pressure gradient of 49 mm Hg (Figure 3 and Movie II). Imaging after intravenous injection of perflutren ultrasound contrast agent demonstrated the partition of the right ventricle by the aneurysm (Figure 4 and Movie III). When injected into a peripheral vein, the contrast …

Published
2007
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38. Severity of mitral and aortic regurgitation as assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance: optimizing correlation with Doppler echocardiography

Author

Lois A Goepfert, Warren J. Manning, Susan B. Yeon, Sean Hughes, Neil M. Rofsky, Thomas H. Hauser, Kraig V. Kissinger, and Eli V. Gelfand

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Aortic Valve Insufficiency, Regurgitation (circulation), Doppler echocardiography, Severity of Illness Index, Correlation, Internal medicine, Severity of illness, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, cardiovascular diseases, Mitral regurgitation, Analysis of Variance, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Mitral Valve Insufficiency, Magnetic resonance imaging, Gold standard (test), Middle Aged, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Echocardiography, Doppler, Regurgitant fraction, cardiovascular system, Cardiology, Female, Radiology, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, circulatory and respiratory physiology
Abstract

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is widely recognized as a non-invasive gold standard for quantification of ventricular volumes. In addition, it is an emerging diagnostic modality for clinical evaluation of mitral regurgitation (MR) and aortic regurgitation (AR). CMR facilitates accurate quantitation of regurgitation volumes and regurgitant fraction, but referring physicians are often more comfortable with qualitative measures, and few data exist for correlation of qualitative CMR regurgitation severity with that obtained by more conventional qualitative Doppler echocardiography. Because patients with AR and MR may commonly be assessed by both echocardiography and CMR modalities, consistency between qualitative gradient of regurgitation severity is important for follow-up. Therefore, we sought to define the CMR regurgitant fractions that best correlate with qualitative mild, moderate, and severe regurgitation by color Doppler echocardiography.Data from 141 consecutive patients (age 53 +/- 15 yr; 43% female) with contemporary (median, 31 days) CMR and echocardiographic data, including 107 regurgitant valves and 70 normal valves, were compared. Thresholds were developed on an initial cohort of patients with 55 regurgitant valves, and subsequently tested on a later cohort of patients with 52 regurgitant valves. Regurgitation fraction (RF) limits that optimized concordance of CMR and echo severity grades were similar for MR and AR and were: mildor = 15%, moderate 16-25%, moderate-severe 26-48%, severe48%.The current study provides simple qualititative threshold grades for MR and AR severity that allows for standardized reporting of regurgitation severity by CMR and excellent correlation with clinical echocardiography.

Published
2006

39. Rimonabant: a selective blocker of the cannabinoid CB1 receptors for the management of obesity, smoking cessation and cardiometabolic risk factors

Author

Eli V. Gelfand and Christopher P. Cannon

Subjects
medicine.medical_treatment, Blood lipids, Pharmacology, Placebo, Management of obesity, Rimonabant, Piperidines, Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1, Weight loss, Risk Factors, Medicine, Animals, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, business.industry, Smoking, Disease Management, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Endocannabinoid system, Smoking cessation, Pyrazoles, Smoking Cessation, Metabolic syndrome, medicine.symptom, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Rimonabant is the first selective blocker of the cannabinoid CB1 receptors being developed for the treatment of obesity, tobacco smoking and cardiometabolic risk factors. Following 1 year of treatment, rimonabant 20 mg/day leads to greater weight loss compared with placebo. Therapy with rimonabant is also associated with favourable changes in serum lipids and an improvement in glycaemic control in Type 2 diabetics. At the same dose, rimonabant significantly increases the cigarette smoking quit rates compared with placebo. Rimonabant appears to be generally well tolerated, with primary side effects of mild nausea, diarrhoea, anxiety and depression. As an agent with a novel mechanism of action, rimonabant has the potential to be a useful adjunct to lifestyle modification in the treatment of obesity, metabolic syndrome and cigarette smoking.

Published
2006

40. Nitric Oxide and Its Role in Diabetes Mellitus

Author

Eli V. Gelfand and Michael T. Johnstone

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Vascular disease, Microangiopathy, Diabetic retinopathy, medicine.disease, Nitric oxide, Nephropathy, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Cardiology, Medicine, Distribution (pharmacology), Endothelial dysfunction, business
Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major source of morbidity in the United States, affecting between 10 and 15 million people (1). The cause of much of this morbidity and mortality is vascular disease, including both atherosclerosis and microangiopathy (2, 3, 4, 5). As discussed elsewhere in this text, atherosclerosis occurs earlier in diabetics than nondiabetics, its severity is often greater, and its distribution is more diffuse (6,7). Vascular disease in diabetics affects not only large vessels but microvasculature as well, resulting in both diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy (8,9).

Published
2005
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41. 1042-86 Risk stratification in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction with multiple biomarkers

Author

Elliott M. Antman, David A. Morrow, Sabina A. Murphy, Carolyn H. McCabe, Marc S. Sabatine, Eli V. Gelfand, and Nader Rifai

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Internal medicine, Risk stratification, medicine, Elevation, Cardiology, ST segment, cardiovascular diseases, Myocardial infarction, medicine.disease, business, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Published
2004
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42. Vasculitis Presenting with Ventricular Tachycardia

Author

Ali R Rahimi, Kevin F. Kwaku, Roderick Tung, and Eli V. Gelfand

Subjects
Tachycardia, medicine.medical_specialty, Mitral regurgitation, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Immunology, Ventricular tachycardia, medicine.disease, Blood pressure, Rheumatology, Internal medicine, medicine, Palpitations, Cardiology, Immunology and Allergy, Sinus rhythm, medicine.symptom, Chest radiograph, business, Electrocardiography
Abstract

To the Editor: A 19-year-old female college student presented to the emergency room with sudden onset of palpitations while watching a movie. Her history was unremarkable, and she denied any abuse of alcohol, recreational drugs, or over-the-counter stimulants. Review of systems was negative for any recent fever, rash, sick contacts, or acute illness involving the respiratory or gastrointestinal tract. Vital signs on presentation were notable for a temperature of 100.1°F, a regular tachycardia at 220 beats per minute, and blood pressure 120/70 mm Hg. The remainder of the examination and a chest radiograph were unremarkable. The electrocardiogram showed a wide complex tachycardia with monophasic right bundle branch morphology in lead V1 and right inferior QRS axis (Figure 1). Intravenous procainamide was administered, with prompt restoration of sinus rhythm. The sinus rhythm electrocardiogram was normal. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed normal left ventricular function, homogeneous enlargement of the anterolateral papillary muscle, and mild mitral regurgitation (Figure 2). Differential diagnosis included a cardiac tumor, unusual isolated papillary muscle hypertrophy, or an infiltrative systemic process, … Address correspondence to Dr. A. Rahimi, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 185 Pilgrim Road, West Baker 4, Boston, MA 02215. E-mail: arahimi{at}bidmc.harvard.edu

Published
2009
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43. Assessment of valvular heart disease with cardiovascular magnetic resonance

Author

Eli V. Gelfand and Warren J. Manning

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, valvular heart disease, Magnetic resonance imaging, Regurgitation (circulation), equipment and supplies, medicine.disease, Stenosis, Clinical diagnosis, Internal medicine, cardiovascular system, Cardiology, Medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, cardiovascular diseases, Radiology, business
Abstract

Valvular heart disease is an important clinical diagnosis throughout the world and prompt recognition of moderate and severe valvular abnormalities is an important public health goal. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is a well-established noninvasive technique that allows for a comprehensive assessment of valvular heart disease. In this article, the basics of CMR application in valvular heart disease are reviewed. Essential CMR techniques, including black-blood imaging, cine steady-state free precession and flow velocity mapping are discussed, as applied to specific valvular lesions. In addition, concrete protocols for imaging in various clinical situations are suggested.

Published
2007
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44. Association of glomerular filtration rate on presentation with subsequent mortality in non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome; observations in 13,307 patients in five TIMI trials

Author

R.L. Dumaine, C.M. Gibson, and Eli V. Gelfand

Subjects
Acute coronary syndrome, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Renal function, medicine.disease, Internal medicine, medicine, Cardiology, ST segment, Presentation (obstetrics), Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, General Nursing, TIMI
Published
2005
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46. CMR measures of left and right ventricular systolic performance and mortality: a factor analysis

Author

Evan Appelbaum, TD O'Halloran, Kraig V. Kissinger, Eli V. Gelfand, Thomas H. Hauser, Loryn Feinberg, and Warren J. Manning

Subjects
Left and right, Medicine(all), medicine.medical_specialty, Ejection fraction, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, business.industry, Text mining, Internal medicine, Poster Presentation, cardiovascular system, medicine, Cardiology, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, cardiovascular diseases, Radiology, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Angiology
Abstract

Background Left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) systolic performance, typically measured as the ejection fraction (EF), is strongly correlated with mortality. However, CMR provides multiple measures that may also reflect systolic performance including LV volumes and cardiac outflow. We examined the predictive relationship of multiple potential measures of cardiac systolic performance with mortality in a large CMR clinical database.

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47. Multimodality CMR detection of coronary artery disease in patients with heart failure and depressed systolic function: superiority of coronary MRI compared to late gadolinium enhancement

Author

Evan Appelbaum, Warren J. Manning, Loryn Feinberg, Eli V. Gelfand, Thomas H. Hauser, Kraig V. Kissinger, and Susan B. Yeon

Subjects
Medicine(all), medicine.medical_specialty, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Magnetic resonance imaging, Systolic function, medicine.disease, Coronary artery disease, Internal medicine, Heart failure, medicine, Cardiology, Etiology, Late gadolinium enhancement, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, In patient, cardiovascular diseases, Radiology, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Angiology
Abstract

Introduction Heart failure (HF) with depressed systolic function is increasingly prevalent in the United States with coronary artery disease (CAD) the most common etiology. Definitive determination of an ischemic vs. non-ischemic etiology of HF often requires invasive x-ray coronary angiography. Both coronary magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) have shown promise in the non-invasive detection of CAD in HF patients.

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