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Abstract In this study, a novel approach for the environmentally conscious extraction of titanium dioxide from ilmenite ore while limiting the environmental impact and enhancing the advantage from an economic process. Leaching conditions were tested with different acids for effective separation of the TiO2 and were optimized concerning different experimental parameters. TiO2 and TiO2NPs were characterized using with different tools. Catechol polyurethane foam immobilized with TiO2NPs was prepared and its antimicrobial action was tested against Gram-negative bacterium E. coli, Gram-positive bacterium B. cereus, and fungus A. niger. CAT-PUF /TiO2NPs showed antimicrobial effect against E. coli, B. cereus, and A. niger with inhibition zones of 27 ± 0.14, 12 ± 0.14, and 22 ± 0.06 mm, respectively. Incorporating bioinformatics, this research contributes to the burgeoning field of nanotechnology-enabled antimicrobial materials, offering insights into the potential applications of CAT-PUF/TiO2NPs in combating microbial threats. Through bio-informatics tools, the potential toxicity of the synthesized nanoparticles was assessed, providing valuable insights into their safety profile and environmental impact. Furthermore, simulating the binding affinity between the nanoparticles and target biomolecules, such as cell membrane proteins or enzyme receptors, this aspect of the research sheds light on the mechanistic underpinnings of their antimicrobial efficacy.

Abstract Nanocomposites incorporating titanium dioxide (TiO2) have a significant potential for various industrial and medical applications. These nanocomposites exhibit selectivity as antimicrobial and anticancer agents. Antimicrobial activity is crucial for medical uses, including applications in food processing, packaging, and surgical instruments. Additionally, these nanocomposites exhibit selectivity as anticancer agents. A stable nanocomposite as a new anticancer and antibacterial chemical was prepared by coupling titanium dioxide nanoparticles with a polyurethane foam matrix through the thiourea group. The titanium dioxide/thiopolyurethane nanocomposite (TPU/TiO2) was synthesized from low-cost Ilmenite ore and commercial polyurethane foam. EDX analysis was used to determine the elemental composition of the titanium dioxide (TiO2) matrix. TiO2NPs were synthesized and were characterized using TEM, XRD, IR, and UV–Vis spectra. TiO2NPs and TPU foam formed a novel composite. The MTT assay assessed Cisplatin and HepG-2 and MCF-7 cytotoxicity in vitro. Its IC50 values for HepG-2 and MCF-7 were 122.99 ± 4.07 and 201.86 ± 6.82 µg/mL, respectively. The TPU/TiO2 exhibits concentration-dependent cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and HepG-2 cells in vitro. The selective index was measured against both cell lines; it showed its safety against healthy cells. Agar well-diffusion exhibited good inhibition zones against Escherichia coli (12 mm), Bacillus cereus (10 mm), and Aspergillus niger (19 mm). TEM of TPU/TiO2-treated bacteria showed ultrastructure changes, including plasma membrane detachment from the cell wall, which caused lysis and bacterial death. TPU/TiO2 can treat cancer and inhibit microbes in dentures and other items. Also, TPU/TiO2 inhibits E. coli, B. cereus, and A. niger microbial strains.

The aim of the present work was to prepare low cost and environmental friendliness biosorbents and use them for the removal of hazardous compounds from wastewater. Cellulose and lignin biosorbents were prepared from camphor stem using H2SO4 (1:1) and 3 M NaOH solutions. Also, many biosorbents were prepared by heating the camphor sticks at 105, 150, 200 and 250 °C which were characterized by the SEM, XDR, FTIR, UV/Vis, pHZPC and surface site analysis techniques. The camphor biosorbents were applied for removal of brilliant green (Br.G) and crystal violet (Cr.V) dyes from wastewater. The camphor biosorbents were found highly efficient for removal of Br.G and Cr.V dyes (95–100%) at pH 5–7 within a period of 2–5 min. The process was described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model with the corresponding R2 value (0.999). The negative values ΔG (–8.1 and –2.4 kJ/mol) found for the removal of Br.G and Cr.V using camphor biosorbents shows the feasibility and the spontaneity of the removal process. The detection limit (LOD) and removal percentage (E%) of the tested dyes from different wastewater locations of were found in the ranges 0.1–2.9 μg/L and 92–100% respectively with the relative standard deviation (RSD% 0.05–1.16%) for five replicating procedures (n = 5).

In this paper a novel solid phase extraction method to remove Light green (acid dye) and Safranin O (basic dye) using Salvadora persica (Miswak) powder as a new biosorbent is described. The adsorption conditions such as contact time, initial dye concentration, pH and temperature were studied by using batch system. After optimization, Miswak showed an excellent removal rate for dyes, the extraction of the dyes was accomplished in a period range of 1–10 min. The adsorption kinetics data were in good agreement with the pseudo-second-order rate model (R2 = 0.98) and the initial sorption rate (h) was found to be 0.01 g mmol−1 min−1. The new adsorbent was found to have a maximum adsorption capacity of 17.3 mmol/g. The adsorption isotherms could be adequately described by the Freundlich equation (R2 = 0.91) and the 1/n value is 0.9, which attributed to the heterogeneous surface structure of the Miswak. Study of the variation of the sorption of the tested dyes with temperature yielded values for ΔH, ΔS, and ΔG of −21.0, −0.056.3 and −4.2 kJ mol−1, respectively.