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Seham Elhawary,1 Hala EL-Hefnawy,1 Fatma Alzahraa Mokhtar,1 Mansour Sobeh,2 Eman Mostafa,3 Samir Osman,4,* Mohamed El-Raey5,* 1Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; 2Agro-BioSciences Research Division, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben-Guerir 43150, Morocco; 3Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 6 October City, Giza, Egypt; 4Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Oct. 6 University, Giza, Egypt; 5Phytochemistry and Plant Systematic Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Fatma Alzahraa MokhtarDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 12412, EgyptTel +201113154863Email drfatmaalzahraa1950@gmail.comIntroduction: Jasminum officinale L. is a very important medicinal and industrial flowering aromatic plant.Methods: The present study deals with Jasminum officinale L. leaves extract (JOLE) as a reducing and capping agent for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by the green pathway. Phenolic profile of the extract was evaluated using HPLC-PDA/MS/MS technique. Jasminum officinale L. leaves extract silver nanoparticles (JOLE-AgNPs) were characterized by ultraviolet light (UV), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), zeta potential and X-ray diffraction (XRD). JOLE-AgNPs were examined for their cytotoxic activities by neutral red uptake assay (NRU) against bladder (5637) and breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines.Results: HPLC-PDA/MS/MS tentatively identified 51 compounds of different chemical classes. UV spectra showed absorption peak at λmax = 363 nm. The biosynthesized AgNPs were predominantly spherical in shape with an average size of 9.22 nm by TEM. The face cubic center (fcc) nature of silver nanoparticles was proved by XRD diffractogram. JOLE-AgNPs exhibited high cytotoxic activity against 5637 and MCF-7 cell lines compared to the cytotoxic activities of JOLE with IC50 of 13.09 μg/mL and 9.3 μg/mL, respectively.Discussion: The silver nanoparticles formed by Jasminum officinale L. showed high cytotoxic activities against MCF-7 and 5637 cell lines and can be introduced as a new alternative cytotoxic medication.Keywords: silver nanoparticles, HPLC-PDA/MS/MS, cytotoxic, Jasminum, bladder cancer, breast cancer

Elhawary S, EL-Hefnawy H, Alzahraa FA, et al. Int J Nanomedicine. 2020;15:9771–9781. The Editor and Publisher of International Journal of Nanomedicine wish to retract the published article. Concerns were raised regarding the alleged manipulation of data shown in Figure 6, where sections of the X-ray diffraction pattern appear to have been duplicated. The authors responded to our queries but were unable to provide an adequate explanation for the duplicated pattern nor could they provide the original files or data concerning this part of the study. As the authors were unable to verify the findings from their study the Editor requested for the article to be retracted and the authors were notified of this decision. Our decision-making was informed by our policy on publishing ethics and integrity and the COPE guidelines on retraction. The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as “Retracted”. This retraction relates to this paper

LC-ESI-MS/MS was used for a comprehensive characterisation of ethanol extract from the leaves of three Pistacia species. After optimisation of the method and the use of the negative ionisation mode, a total of 42 different compounds were identified, of which 22 were tentatively characterised in P. chinensis Bunge, 33 in P. khinjuk stocks and 25 in P. lentiscus L. leaves. Flavonoids, phenolic acids, and their derivatives were the most abundant identified compounds. LC-ESI-MS/MS revealed identification of 15, 18 and 6 not previously detected compounds in P. chinensis Bunge, P. khinjuk Stocks and P. lentiscus L., respectively. The three extracts were also tested for their cytotoxic activities against human PC3 prostate cancer, A549 lung cancer, MCF7 breast cancer and HepG2 liver cancer. Generally, all the extracts have a moderate cytotoxic activity against lung, breast and prostate cancer, with different IC50. However, only P. lentiscus L. showed moderate activity against liver cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cisplatin (CP) is a powerful chemotherapeutic agent; however, its therapeutic use is restricted due to its nephrotoxicity. In this work, we profiled the phytoconstituents of Jasminum grandiflorum flower extract (JGF) using LC-MS/MS and explored the possible molecular mechanisms against acute renal failure through pharmacological network analysis. Furthermore, the possible molecular mechanisms of JGF against acute renal failure were verified in an in vivo nephrotoxicity model caused by cisplatin. LC-MS analysis furnished 26 secondary metabolites. Altogether, there were 112 total hit targets for the identified metabolites, among which 55 were potential consensus targets related to nephrotoxicity based on the network pharmacology approach. Upon narrowing the scope to acute renal failure, using the DisGeNET database, only 30 potential targets were determined. The computational pathway analysis illustrated that JGF might inhibit renal failure through PI3K-Akt, MAPK signaling pathway, and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance. This study was confirmed by in vivo experiment in which kidneys were collected for histopathology and gene expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase 4 (MKK4), MKK7, I-CAM 1, IL-6, and TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2). The animal-administered cisplatin exhibited a substantial rise in the expression levels of the MMK4, MKK7, I CAM 1, and TRFA2 genes compared to the control group. To summarize, J. grandiflorum could be a potential source for new reno-protective agents. Further experiments are needed to confirm the obtained activities and determine the therapeutic dose and time.

This study aimed to coat lipid-based nanocarriers with chitosan to encapsulate nutraceuticals, minimize opsonization, and facilitate passive-targeting. Phase one was concerned with standardization according to the World Health Organization. Qualitative analysis using liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS) investigated the active constituents, especially reported cytotoxic agents. Cinnamaldehyde and rosmarinic acid were selected to be quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography. Phase two was aimed to encapsulate both extracts in solid lipid nanoparticles (core) and chitosan (shell) to gain the advantages of both materials properties. The developed experimental model suggested an optimum formulation with 2% lipid, 2.3% surfactant, and 0.4% chitosan to achieve a particle size of 254.77 nm, polydispersity index of 0.28, zeta potential of +15.26, and entrapment efficiency percentage of 77.3% and 69.1% for cinnamon and oregano, respectively. Phase three was focused on the evaluation of cytotoxic activity unencapsulated/encapsulated cinnamon and oregano extracts with/without 5-fluorouracil on HCT-116 cells. This study confirmed the success of the suggested combination with 5-fluorouracil for treating human colon carcinoma with a low dose leading to decreasing side effects and allowing uninterrupted therapy.

This paper focuses on three periods of stabilisation in Colombia: the Alliance for Progress (1961-73) that sought to stem the threat of communist revolution in Latin America; Plan Colombia and President Alvaro Uribe's 'democratic security' policy (2000-07) aimed at defeating the guerrillas and negotiating a settlement with the paramilitaries; and the current 'integrated approach', adopted from 2007, to consolidate more effectively the state's control of its territory.(1) The paper assesses the extent to which these stabilisation efforts have enhanced the protection of civilians and ultimately finds that in all three periods there has been a disconnect between the discourse and the practice of stabilisation. While they have all sought to enhance security, in actual fact, they have privileged the security of the state and its allies at the expense of the effective protection of the civilian population. This has not only led to widespread human rights abuses but also has undermined the long-term stability being pursued., (© 2010 The Author(s). Journal compilation © Overseas Development Institute, 2010.)

This paper explores the evolution of international stabilisation agendas and their significance for humanitarian action. Stabilisation includes a combination of military, humanitarian, political and economic activities to control, contain and manage areas affected by armed conflict and complex emergencies. Encompassing narrow security objectives and broader peace-building efforts, stabilisation is both a conservative and potentially transformative, comprehensive and long-term agenda. The open-ended approach allows for widely varying interpretations and applications in different circumstances and by different actors with an assortment of implications for humanitarian action. The relationship between the two is highly uncertain and contentious, due not only to the controversies surrounding stabilisation policies, but also to deep-seated ambiguities at the heart of humanitarianism. While humanitarian actors are preoccupied with the growing involvement of the military in the humanitarian sphere, the paper argues that it is trends in the humanitarian-political interface that represent the more fundamental dilemma., (© 2010 The Author(s). Journal compilation © Overseas Development Institute, 2010.)