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The study analyzed manufacturing possibilities of oat milk and its products in Egypt. The objectives of the study are: (i) identify the current situation of dairy alternatives in the world, and )ii( analyze the possible opportunities for manufacturing oat milk products in Egypt. It was found an increase in global demand for dairy alternatives and its products. Dairy alternatives include soy, almond, rice, coconut, and oat milk. Oat milk tops the lists of the best-selling dairy products in most countries of the world, so it is considered one of the dairy alternatives that is a strong candidate for expansion in its production in recent times. The study assumed a unit production capacity for manufacturing oat milk products)drink milk, ice cream, and yogurt( amounting to 3.5 tons of oats annually, the project lifespan is 12 years, and the discount price is 22%. The study concluded that the factory will achieve net cash flows during the life of the project whose current value is 0.29millionpounds, and IRR is 36%, which greatly exceeds the lending rate in banks, and the ratio of current benefits to current costs is 1.1, meaning that the project is financially feasible. The pay back period is 2.8 years. By analyzing the sensitivity of the project to an increase in the price of a ton of oats which used in manufacturing by 10%, it leads to a decrease in IRR and net present valueby15% and 39%, respectively, and an increase in the capital recovery period to 3.3 years. But the increasing labor wages by 10% leads to a decrease in IRR and net present value by7%and 18%, respectively, and an increase in the capital payback period to 3.02 years. While increasing the price of containers by 10% leads to a decrease in IRR and net present valueby4% and 9%, respectively, and an increase in the capital recovery period to 2.91 years. As analyzing the sensitivity of the project to the decrease in the price of drinkable milk by10%, it leads to a decrease in IRR and the net present value by 22% and 56%, respectively, and an increase in the capital payback period to 3.6 years. But the decrease in the price of ice cream by 10%, it leads to a decrease in IRR and the net present value by 14%and 37%, respectively, and an increase in the capital recovery period to 3.27 years. While the decrease in the price of yogurt by 10% leads to a decrease in IRR and the net present value by 9%and21%, respectively, and an increase in the capital payback period to 3.06 years. The study recommends the need to design and implement indicative campaigns in the field of manufacturing and marketing oat milk and its products with the aim of increasing consumer awareness of the nutritional importance of these products, designing a geographical map that includes specifying areas that are suitable for establishing production units in them, opening multiple marketing targeting the segment of consumers who are ready to pay higher prices in exchange for obtaining natural dairy products free of preservatives, and expanding production for the purpose of exporting to North America, as it is the largest consumer of dairy alternatives in the world, especially yogurt and ice cream, and to America, as it is the largest consumer in the world of oat milk and its products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims at studying the current situation of the production and consumption of red meat in Egypt, as well as estimating the market power (monopolistic practices) and estimating some indicators of the competitiveness of the most important exporting countries red meat to Egypt. The study concluded that the total production and the self-sufficiency rate of red meat in Egypt decreased during the period (2012-2020) at a rate of about 7.9%, 6% annually, respectively. And the values of the inverse elasticity of residual demand for Brazil, Sudan, and Paraguay are statistically positive and significant, meaning that these countries practice more monopolistic practices within the Egyptian market, and statistically positive and insignificant for India, Colombia, South Africa, which means the dominance of complete competition for these red meat exporting countries within the Egyptian market, and statistically negative and insignificant for Australia, America, New Zealand, meaning that these countries lose their market power within the Egyptian market. The study also found that the market share index for the most important countries competing for the export of red meat within the Egyptian market during the period)2010-2020( amounted to about 17.54%, 15.2%, and 12.65% for Brazil, Sudan, and Paraguay, respectively, meaning that the Egyptian market is able to absorb the largest amount of red meat from those countries. And that the market penetration coefficient reached its maximum for each of Sudan and Brazil by about 9.5% and 8.34%, respectively, and that the market share of New Zealand and America was low, and therefore the Egyptian market could absorb larger quantities in the future than those countries. New Zealand achieved the best relative price per ton of red meat, followed by Australia and then America. While New Zealand achieved the best rate of relative stability in red meat production, followed by Sudan and Brazil. The research recommends that the import policy should be directed to New Zealand, Australia and South Africa because they do not exercise any monopolistic pressures with in the Egyptian market, in addition to their high competitive capabilities and low market share, which opens the way for increasing their market share. And take advantage of the competitive advantage of the relative price index of New Zealand, Australia and America compared to the prices of competing countries. And an attempt to reduce the monopolistic pressures exerted by Brazil and Sudan within the Egyptian market by increasing reliance on New Zealand, Australia and South Africa in importing meat, With the same quality and specifications preferred by the Egyptian consumer [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dairy and its products are considered basic food sources, which play an important role in food security because they contain high levels of the main nutrients that the body needs in building it from proteins, fats, sugars, minerals and vitamins. It is also an important source of animal protein on which many food industries are based. The amount of dairy production in Egypt is about 5675 tons, and its value is estimated at about 297.94billionpounds, representing about 23.8% of the value of animal production, as an average for the period )2008-2021(, and the total amount of dairy production in Fayoumgovernorate was about 12869.7 Tons, with an estimated value of about 33.787 thousand pounds, as an average for the period )2010-2021(. Despite the importance of milk, it was noted that there was a lack of use of modern technology in the field of production and a large reliance on traditional production methods. The study aimed to shed light on the current situation of milk production and consumption, and to estimate the economic efficiency of milk under the prevailing technological conditions in Fayoum Governorate, the standard estimate of the production and cost functions of dairy farms to determine the productive and economic efficiency in milk production in Fayoum Governorate. The research method of the study relied on the use of descriptive and quantitative statistical analysis methods in order to reach the objectives of the study. We study concluded that dairy production in Egypt depends in Egypt in general and Fayoum Governorate in particular on cows and buffaloes. And through the indicators of efficiency for milk production, the advantage of the first category of technological farms emerged, as it achieved the highest return on the invested pound and the highest relative profitability, compared to the three categories )lean cow category in the sample of traditional farms, the category of buffalo milk in the sample of traditional farms, the first category of technological farms(. By examining the most important indicators of the economic efficiency of producing a ton of milK for the first category of technological farms, it turns out that the total margin per ton of milk amounted to about 6456.5 pounds, while the average net return per ton of milk is estimated at 5724 pounds, and with regard to the average return on the invested pound, it is clear from the table It amounts to about 1.085 pounds, while the ratio of total variable costs to total revenue amounted to 41.3%, while the added value of a ton of milk annually amounts to about 6035.4 pounds. As for the most important indicators of the economic efficiency of the resources used in the production of a ton of milk for the second category of technology farms, it was found that the total margin per ton of milk amounted to about 5202.5pounds, while the average net return per ton of milk was estimated at 4497.9 pounds, and with regard to the average return on the invested pound It appears from the table that it amounts to about 0.817 pounds. While the ratio of the total variable costs to the total revenue amounted to 47.9%, while the added value of a ton of milk annually amounted to about 5095.4 pounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the study is to determine the effect of the Egyptian policies on production of tomato and potato by utilizing the Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM). The study was based on descriptive and quantitative statistics in analyzing the data collected. Results show domestic price of tomato is equal to international price, which means that tomato producers neither received government support nor incurred implicit taxes, domestic resource cost ratio amounted to 0.30, indicating that Egypt enjoyed a comparative advantage in tomato production. It is evident that value added in potato domestic prices is lower than that in international prices, which means absence of protection policy as an average from 2015 to 2019. Such result means that the government has been imposing taxes, either direct or indirect, or it has been subsidizing potato imports, domestic resource cost ratio amounted to 0.85, indicating that Egypt enjoyed a comparative advantage in Potato production during the study period, which means that domestic production of potato is preferred than dependency on imports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]