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Across the Middle East, military professionals, private militias, and other security actors often play a central role in the management of urban planning, public administration, and other state affairs. However, security studies scholarship offers few theoretical tools for understanding this deep and overt inter-twinement of security and governance, framing it as an outcome of authoritarian practices of coup-proofing or a symptom of 'weak' states. This article analyzes spatial planning and land management practices in Egypt and Lebanon to propose two concepts, 'hyphenated identities' and the 'boundless security field', as alternative theoretical tools for thinking about security. I argue that security logics are deeply enmeshed with the identity of the nation, its histories of conflict, and its experiences of state formation, creating a security field that is boundless and non-discrete. Within this field are a set of 'hyphenated identities', or categories of actors who perform dual roles as managers of security and managers of other governance matters. The influence of these actors on governance practices illustrates the extent to which security logics can be imbedded in the structures of the state and its modus operandi, thereby reinforcing the boundlessness of the security field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim of the Study: Tissue regeneration therapy using stem cells is becoming the state of the art for dental treatment. The present study aimed to use adipose tissue-derived stem cells for odontogenic differentiation, as a more abundant replacement for dental pulp stem cells, using 3 different media. Material and Methods: Cryopreserved cell lines of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ATDSCs) at 3rd passage were used in the study. These cells were characterized using flow cytometric analysis for CD90, CD105, CD34 and CD45 and MTT assay was used to determine the best concentration of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles should be used in the study. Then, these cells were grouped into 3 groups: Group 1 the cells incubated in growth medium (served as a control negative), Group 2 the cells incubated in odontogenic medium, while group 3 was grown in odontogenic medium modified with Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles powder. The difference in cells differentiation and production of calcified materials was measured after one and two weeks between the three groups. This was achieved by using mineralization test and RT-PCR for odontogenic differentiation genes which are dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and dentin matrix phosphoprotein1 (DMP1). Results: Group 3 had the better odontogenic differentiation capacity among the other groups as it showed a significant increase in both production of mineralized nodules and odontogenic genes expression. Conclusion: Adipose tissue-derived stem cells had an odontogenic differentiation capacity especially in presence of Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and can be used as an easy alternative and more abundant source for dental pulp stem cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]