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Jambu nasi-nasi (Syzygium zeylanicum) has a long ethnobotanical history and is a promising candidate to obtain secondary metabolites with high biological activity from its endophytic fungi. The content of secondary metabolites of this genus has various biological activities such as antioxidants. There was a continuous and urgent need for researchers to find new antioxidant compounds with potential bioactive compounds. This study aimed to compare the antioxidant activity of endophytic fungi from the stem bark of S. zeylanicum with the antioxidant activity of the host plant organs. Isolation of endophytic fungi was carried out by sterilizing the surface of the plant organs and then growing them on PDA medium. Endophytic fungi extraction using ethyl acetate solvent by growing fungal spores into PDB medium and incubating for 30 days. Ethyl acetate extract from isolated endophytic fungi was investigated for antioxidant activity using the 1,1diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) method. Endophytic fungi isolated from the stem bark obtained 2 isolates, namely MB1 and MB2. The results of the antioxidant test in reducing DPPH free radicals obtained the Inhibitory concentration (IC50) of ethyl acetate extract for MB1 isolates of 28.58 µg/ml and MB2 isolates of 17,44 µg/ml. Both isolates were categorized as having very strong antioxidant activity. While the stem bark of the host plant has an antioxidant activity of 128,64 µg/ml with a medium category. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the ethyl acetate extract of endophytic fungi has stronger antioxidant activity than the host plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibiotic resistance in both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, such as Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus, is still a concern. One of the factors is the overuse of antibiotics. For governments all over the world, including Indonesia, research that leads to the identification of active compounds for the treatment of degenerative diseases and the provision of new medicines to combat antibiotic resistance is a high priority. S. malaccense, often known as the jambu bol plant, is a cultivated plant with medical potential. The goal of this research is to find out which components of the jambu bol plant have antibacterial action and what the minimal inhibitory concentration is for gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. The Kirby-Bauer method was used to investigate antibacterial activity against the test microorganisms S. typhi and S. aureus. Leaves, stem bark, root bark, and fruit are among the plant parts used. The concentrations employed were 1000 ppm, 500 ppm, 250 ppm, and 125 ppm. The inhibition zone that formed was measured, and the data were evaluated to see how each extract affected the test microorganisms. ANOVA was used to examine the data. The findings revealed that leaf, stem bark, root bark, and fruit extracts exhibit antibacterial action against S. typhi and S. aureus bacteria. The methanol extract of the leaves demonstrated greater antibacterial activity against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria than the methanol extract of other jambu bol plant components (stem bark, root bark, and fruit). S. typhi bacteria with an inhibition zone diameter of 35.01 mm and S. aureus bacteria with an inhibition zone diameter of 32.55 mm were both inhibited by ciprofloxacin at a dose of 10 ppm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Syzygium jambos (jambu mawar) has been widely used as a traditional medicine to cure various diseases including pathogenic bacterial infections. Literature studies report that in various parts of the world, parts of S. jambos have been used as a remedy for diarrhea accompanied by fever, dysentery, sore throat, diabetes, and other infectious diseases. Endophytic fungi are present in plant tissues as vascular plants in asymptomatic symbiotic associations for part or all of the life cycle. Endophytic fungi produce secondary metabolites which are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry by producing pharmacologically active substances such as alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, phenolic acids, etc. This active substance has activity as antibacterial, antimycotic, antimalarial, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, anthelmintic. In this study, endophytic fungi were isolated from the stems of S. jambos and were screened for endophytic fungi that have antibacterial activity. Antibacterial activity test was carried out by disc diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhi test bacteria. Identification of endophytic fungi was carried out microscopic and macroscopic. Endophytic fungi SJ21 and SJ23 isolated from stems of S. jambos showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus, B. subtilis, E. coli and S. typhi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research was conducted to isolate the chemical compound from S. aqueum plants and determine the ability of the isolated compound to inhibit the activity of Eschericia coli and antioxidant activity. The extraction process was done by maceration using ethyl acetate. Separation and purification of ethyl acetate fraction were conducted by vacuum liquid chromatography and column chromatography. The isolated compound was a white crystal (32.6 mg). Based on spectrum analysis 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, NMR-DEPT135 and the comparison with the literature, it was concluded the isolated compound is steroid namely β-Sitosterol. The antibacterial activities from the isolated compound give the zone inhibition value for concentration 25µg/mL, 50 µg/mL, and 100 µg/mL were 11,5, 13,1 and 16,5 mm, respectively which have weaker inhibition than the refference drug, ciproflaxin (39,9 mm). The IC50 antioxidant activity show the isolated compound with value 300.52 ppm and ascorbic acid as positive control 112.72 ppm. This conclude the isolated compound have antibacterial activity againts E.coli with moderate activity and have a weaker ability for antioxidant than ascorbic acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]