Search

In particular, stunting and being under the Red Line (BGM) are significant issues for society and the healthcare system. This research utilizes machine learning, particularly the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) and Naïve Bayes algorithms, for classifying the health of children experiencing stunting or BGM. The training data used comes from the Indonesian Posyandu website, serving as the foundation for classifying new data. This research not only identifies patterns in the data through KNN but also compares the prediction results between KNN and Naïve Bayes in assessing the probability of stunting or BGM in children. This issue reflects nutritional deficiencies and has the potential to cause developmental delays and long-term health impacts. This approach allows for the comparison of predictive outcomes, enhancing the accuracy of children's health assessments. By using the RapidMiner application, the accuracy result for KNN is 70.62% and for Naïve Bayes is 99.47%, providing a deeper understanding of the effectiveness of each algorithm in addressing child health challenges. The aim of this research is to classify new toddler data using the KNN and Naïve Bayes methods, implemented in the form of a Visual Basic application. It is hoped that this will help monitor children's health more effectively and be more easily accessible to interested parties.

The company has problems in production, one of which is that there is defective packaging on the product. The product that became the object of research was Packaging of Product MSR, which was most often returned from distributors because it did not comply with the specified quality with an average percentage of 1.08%. This study aims to identify the factors that cause defects in MSR products and provide suggestions for improvements to minimize defects and improve the quality of the production process. Quality improvement is carried out using the Six Sigma method with the stages of Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control and the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process. the DPMO value obtained was 8211.43 with a sigma level of 3.899. In the Failure Mode Effect Analysis calculation, the four highest causes were found namely packaging that did not meet the requirements, the sealer machine was too hot, rice buildup during storage and the printing machine was damaged. The best alternative is determined using the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process with the criteria of cost, materials, maintenance and storage. The selected improvement proposals are the creation of a form for routine inspection, cleaning of packaging machines and creating an alarm for every 730 products, and manufacturing of shelves for product storage.

Sekitar 60% pasien mastektomi mengalami nyeri akut. Beberapa metode yang dilakukan untuk mengurangi nyeri pascaoperasi mastektomi adalah blokade PECS dan ESP. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbandingan durasi analgesia dan total kebutuhan morfin dalam 24 jam pascaoperasi pada pasien yang dilakukan blokade PECS dengan ESP. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan rancangan single blind randomized controlled trial. Penilaian yang dilakukan yaitu durasi blokade, yang dinilai dari pemberian blokade sampai pasien menekan PCA/patient controlled analgesia pertama kali, selain itu dinilai juga total kebutuhan morfin yang diperlukan setelah operasi dengan menggunakan PCA. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 32 subjek di RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung pada bulan Juni–September 2023 yang menjalani operasi mastektomi sederhana satu sisi yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan tidak termasuk dalam kriteria ekslusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa durasi kelompok PECS memiliki rerata sebesar 6,06±0,69 jam dan ESP sebesar 5,17±0,40 jam sehingga kelompok PECS lebih lama 0,89±0,29 jam dibanding dengan ESP, sementara total konsumsi morfin dalam 24 jam pada kelompok PECS sebesar 2,06±0,772 mg dan ESP sebesar 2,88±0,62 mg sehingga total kebutuhan morfin antara kelompok PECS lebih rendah 0,21±0,41 mg dibanding dengan ESP (p

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan perhitungan jejak karbon berbasis aplikasi pada kendaraan dan peralatan listrik untuk memahami emisi gas rumah kaca. Analisis yang dilakukan meliputi penghitungan GWP gas rumah kaca, faktor emisi, dan konversi energi. Saran yang mungkin diberikan antara lain meningkatkan akurasi perhitungan emisi, mengintegrasikan data konsumsi bahan bakar dan listrik, serta meningkatkan akurasi perhitungan emisi karbon. Batasan KarbonDioksida(CO2), metana(CH4), dan dinitrogen oksida(N2O) di udara berdampak negatif jika melebihi batas peraturan. Emisi karbon dari aktivitas manusia berkontribusi terhadap pemanasan global dan perubahan iklim. Sistem ini dirancang dan diimplementasikan untuk menghitung emisi karbon dari kendaraan dan peralatan listrik, serta memberikan informasi mengenai konsentrasi emisi dan riwayat penghitungan. Analisis emisi karbon dari kendaraan dan peralatan rumah tangga dilakukan untuk memprediksi GWP (Potensi Pemanasan Global). Tujuan analisis ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengurangi emisi Gas Rumah Kaca, sehingga dapat mengurangi dampak pemanasan Global. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan algoritma yang menghitung emisi CO2, CH4, dan N2O berdasarkan penggunaan kendaraan dan peralatan listrik pada rumah tangga. Penelitian ini sangat penting agar dapat memahami faktor yang mempengaruhi terhadap emisi karbon dan meningkatkan kesadaran tentang pentingnya perlindungan lingkungan. Kata kunci: Gas Rumah Kaca, GWP, Perubahan Iklim, Emisi Karbon

The neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) tests are simple tests can be done before a COVID-19 patient hospitalized. This examination is useful for determining the diagnosis and prognostic of the patient. The aim of the study was to determine the correlation between NLR and PLR with the severity of COVID-19. This research was an analytical study with a cross-sectional approach using secondary data from 289 medical records of patients with confirmed COVID-19 for the period June-August 2021. The total sampling technique was used and processed with the chi-square test. Most of the research subjects were in the range of 26-45 years (28.4%). More than half of the subjects were female (61.6%). There were 99 patients (34.3%) with severe conditions. Less than half of the patients had abnormal leukocyte and platelet examination results, namely 64 (22.1%) and 56 (19.4%). Patients with abnormal NLR and PLR examinations were 135 (46.7%) and 123 (42.6%). There was a significant correlation between NLR and the severity of COVID-19 inpatients (p

IntroductionThis study seeks to examine the relationships among principal instructional leadership (PIL), teacher self-efficacy (TSE), and teacher performance (TP) within the Indonesian educational setting, specifically in schools implementing the Merdeka Belajar curriculum.MethodsEmploying a quantitative approach utilizing Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), this research involved a sample of 127 productive teachers randomly selected from 247 teachers. Surveys were administered to measure perceptions of PIL, TSE, and TP, and relevant literature was reviewed to provide theoretical frameworks and research hypotheses.ResultsThe findings reveal significant direct relationships between PIL and both TSE (0.721) and TP (0.598), indicating that strong instructional leadership positively influences teachers’ self-efficacy and performance. Moreover, TSE is found to directly impact TP (0.358), suggesting that teachers’ beliefs in their capabilities play a crucial role in their instructional practices and outcomes. TSE is also identified as a significant mediator in the relationship between PIL and TP (0.258), highlighting the importance of fostering teachers’ self-efficacy to enhance their performance indirectly through instructional leadership.DiscussionThis research underscores the crucial significance of instructional leadership in influencing school culture, which ultimately affects teacher confidence and facilitates teacher performance. By understanding the mechanisms through which PIL impacts TSE and TP, educational leaders can implement strategies to foster a supportive environment that empowers teachers.

This study aimed to assess the palatability and feed consumption of bayan parrots (Eclectus roratus biaki) in the captivity at the Bird and Orchid Park in Biak, using a variety of local feed combinations. The feeds consisted of fruits (papaya and bananas) and seeds (mung beans and sweet corn). A total of 8 parrots (4 males and four females) were used, housed in pairs within individual cages. Four treatments were tested: P0 (papaya and banana), P1 (papaya, banana, and mung beans), P2 (papaya, banana, and sweet corn), and P3 (papaya, banana, mung beans, and sweet corn). Feed and water were provided ad libitum and feed consumption was measured by weighing the remaining feed daily. The results indicated that bananas had the highest palatability and consumption across all treatments, with the highest feed consumption occurring in the P3 treatment, which included a combination of fruits and seeds. Palatability index, dry matter intake, and organic matter intake were higher when parrots were offered a varied diet. No significant differences were found between treatments in daily consumption, but the variety in feed combinations led to improved consumption patterns. The findings suggest that providing a balanced and varied diet consisting of fruits and seeds is crucial for optimizing bayan parrots' nutritional intake and health in captivity. This study contributes to improved feeding strategies for captive management and conservation efforts, ensuring the well-being of this endemic species.

Introduction: The study aimed to analyse the factors associated with self-harm behaviour in adolescents in drug rehabilitation. Methods: This study used a descriptive-correlative design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample in this study was 241 adolescents who were in drug rehabilitation using the purposive sampling technique. This research was conducted in the Lido Centre for the Rehabilitation of the National Narcotics Agency, the Lampung Centre for Rehabilitation of the National Narcotics Agency, the Cipinang Besar Utara Narcotics Penitentiary, the Special Prison for Children of Jakarta, Lampung Narcotics Penitentiary, and the Al Islamy Foundation. This study used five questionnaires, namely the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness, Self-Identity Questionnaire, UCLA Loneliness Scale Version 3, and the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory. This study was analysed using a logistic regression test. Results: The results of the logistic regression analysis showed that, from several factors related to self-harm, namely loneliness, self-identity, and stigma, two factors that are most related to self-harm behaviour are self-identity and stigma, with a p-value of 0.000 (p

Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a problem faced by salesmen who only visit each city once and then return to their hometown with the shortest distance. The aim of this research is to determine the shortest route for the distribution journey of JNT package couriers.The method used in this research is a combination of the Branch and Bound Algorithm and the Cheapest Insertion Heuristic. Data analysis was carried out by interpreting the problem in graph form, next use the Googling application to search and determine distances. Based on the research results, it was found that the shortest route for JNT package courier distribution District is JNT Belilas → Kuala Kilan → Bukit Lipai → Aur Cina → Pejangki → Petaling Jaya → Puntianai → Lahai → Talang Mulya → Talang Bersemi → Anak Talang → Kepayang sari → Alim 2 → Sipang → Alim 1 → Batu Papan → Cenaku Kecil → Pematang Manggis → Kerubung Jaya → Bukit Lingkar → Bukit Indah → Kuala Gading → JNT Belilas with total distance 172 km

School principals are required to have managerial competence where school principals are required to be able to prepare short-term, medium-term and long-term plans. This research analyzes the preparation process annual work plan , budget plan and strategic plan. This research was conducted using analysis with a qualitative descriptive research type. First, the results of research on the process of preparing strategic plans found that the school's vision, mission, goals and strategies were not formulated because the principal only continuing the vision, mission, goals and strategies of the previous principal. Second, the process of preparing the annual work plan has not been implemented optimally because a drafting team was not formed, and a situational analysis was not carried out. This is reinforced by the fact that no documents were found in the preparation process. Third, the process of preparing the school budget work plan involves the principal and school treasurer and principal without holding meetings with teachers, staff, committees and school supervisors. Interviews, observation and documentation are the data collection techniques used. The Miles and Huberman model is a technique used in data analysis.

Implementasi kurikulum merdeka menuntut guru untuk memahami komponen perangkat pembelajaran terbaru. Salah satu perangkat pembelajaran yang mengalami pembaharuan yaitu rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran yang berganti menjadi modul ajar kurikulum merdeka. Tujuan kegiatan adalah untuk mendampingi guru-guru untuk mampu membuat modul ajar kurikulum merdeka sesuai dengat format. Kegiatan dilakukan dalam empat tahapan yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pendampingan, dan evaluasi. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa guru memahami komponen penyusunan modul ajar serta mampu membuat modul ajar kurikulum merdeka sesuai dengan bidang studi dan kelas yang diajar.

Construction projects are among the sectors that are growing rapidly in Indonesia and have an impact on the environment from the resulting construction waste. The purpose of this study is to analyze the highest type and quantity of construction waste generated from Mechanical Electrical Plumbing (MEP) work from the difference in the amount of material from the BOQ with the amount attached to the as-built drawings, evaluate the economic value by calculating the ratio of the amount of waste generated to the amount of material at BOQ (waste level) × the scope of work percentage (waste cost), selling value of waste (the quantity of waste × the local selling price), and costs of disposal of construction waste based on the agreement of each project management. This study uses a descriptive quantitative method. The results showed that most of the construction waste generated was based on its type, consisting of copper-based cables, steel and plastic pipes, and polyurethane ducts. The highest quantity of construction waste came from the office project, which was 2 × 1.5 mm2 NYA cables (216,515 m). The highest waste level value came from office, condotel, and factory projects using several types of cables (> 94%). The highest waste cost value came from the condotel project is polyurethane duct (IDR 5,727,267,000.00). The metal waste produced is sold by contractors to collectors for recycling. Non-metal waste is disposed by paying a civil contractor. Construction waste management policies must be implemented to reduce the amount and impact of construction waste generated.

Abstrak Latar Belakang: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS COV-2) menyebabkan COVID-19 dengan manifestasi klinis bervariasi, terutama menyebabkan kerusakan parenkim paru. Kerusakan parenkim paru menyebabkan peningkatan kadar enzim lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) dan manifestasi berat akan menimbulkan acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Derajat keparahan gagal nafas dinilai dengan rasio PaO2/FiO2. Tujuan: menganalisis korelasi LDH dan rasio PaO2/FiO2 pada COVID-19. Metode: Penelitian analitik potong lintang terhadap 52 orang pasien COVID-19 di intensive care unit (ICU). LDH diukur dengan alat clinical chemistry analyzer dan rasio PaO2/FiO2 dengan blood gas analyzer. Uji korelasi Pearson bermakna apabila p

Abstract Sorong Regency is the food barn of Sorong Raya, which includes Sorong Regency, South Sorong Regency, Sorong City, Maybrat Regency, Tambrauw Regency, and Raja Ampat Regency. The egg production of Sorong Regency is used to meet the needs of Sorong Regency as well as the Greater Sorong area, including Sorong City, South Sorong Regency, and Raja Ampat Regency. This study aims to analyze the production or performance of laying hens and evaluate the quality of eggs laid by hens in Sorong Regency. The method used in this research is the descriptive method, involving data collection techniques based on direct observation in the field, interviews with farmers, laboratory testing, and observation. Eight farmers were interviewed, and egg samples were taken to be tested for their quality. The average number of eggs taken from each farmer was 30 eggs per week, totaling between 117 and 120 eggs. The variables observed included 1) Performance, which involved feed consumption, feed conversion, and depletion. 2) Hen Day Production (HDP), and 3) Egg quality. The collected data were processed and presented in tables to determine the total and average values. Correlation tests were applied to examine the relationship between hen age and egg production, external egg quality, which includes egg weight, egg shape index, shell weight, shell thickness, and internal egg quality, including yolk color and Haugh unit. The study results revealed that 1) Hen Day Production of laying hens in Sorong Regency is still below the normal standard of daily egg production for ISA Brown laying hens. 2) On average, feed consumption and total depletion of laying hens in Sorong Regency are within the standard range, but the feed conversion value is still high and has not met the standard feed conversion value for ISA Brown laying hens. 3) Based on data on egg weight, IBT, shell weight, and shell thickness, the external egg quality of laying hens in Sorong Regency, according to BSN (3926: 2008), falls into the Medium category. Meanwhile, based on data on Air Cavity Depth, Yolk Color, and Haugh Unit, the internal quality of eggs from laying hens in Sorong Regency, according to BSN (3926: 2008), falls into Quality I. Keywords: Egg production; Egg quality; ISA Brown laying hens; Sorong Regency, Abstrak Kabupaten Sorong merupakan lumbung pangan Sorong Raya yang meliputi Kabupaten Sorong, Kabupaten Sorong Selatan, Kota Sorong, Kabupaten Maybrat, Kabupaten Tambrauw dan Kabupaten Raja Ampat. Produksi telur ayam ras Kabupaten Sorong digunakan untuk menyuplai kebutuhan Kabupaten Sorong serta kebutuhan daerah Sorong Raya antara lain Kota Sorong, Kabupaten Sorong Selatan, dan Kabupaten Raja Ampat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis produksi atau performa ayam ras petelur serta menganalisis kualitas telur ayam ras petelur di Kabupaten Sorong. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini metode deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berdasarkan observasi langsung di lapangan dan wawancara dengan peternak serta pengujian dan pengamatan di laboratorium. Delapan orang peternak diwawancara dan ambil sampel telur untuk diuji kualitas telur. Jumlah telur yang diambil rata-rata 30 butir/minggu dari peternak, sehingga total telur yang diambil dari masing-masing peternak berkisar 117-120 butir. Variabel yang diamati 1) Performa meliputi konsumsi pakan, konversi pakan dan deplesi. 2) Hen Day Production (HDP) dan 3) Kualitas telur. Data yang diperoleh diolah dan ditampilkan dalam tabel untuk kemudian dicari jumlah dan rata-rata nilai. Uji korelasi diberlakukan untuk melihat korelasi antara umur ayam dengan produksi telur, kualitas telur ekternal yang meliputi; berat telur, indeks bentuk telur, berat kerabang, ketebalan kerabang, dan kualitas telur internal yang meliputi: warna kuning telur dan Haugh unit. Hasil penelitian diperoleh 1) Produksi telur harian (Hen Day Production) ayam ras petelur di Kabupaten Sorong masih dibawah standar normal produksi telur harian ayam petelur ISA Brown, 2) Secara rataan konsumsi pakan dan total deplesi ayam ras petelur di Kabupaten Sorong masih sesuai dengan standar konsumsi pakan dan total deplesi ayam ras petelur, namun nilai konversi pakan masih tinggi atau belum memenuhi standar nilai konversi pakan ayam petelur ISA Brown dan 3) Menilik data Berat telur, IBT, berat dan tebal kerabang, maka kualitas telur eksternal ayam ras petelur Kabupaten Sorong berdasar BSN (3926:2008) termasuk pada kategori Sedang, sedangkan berdasarkan data Kedalaman Rongga Udara, Warna Kuning Telur dan Haugh Unit maka kualitas internal telur ayam ras Petelur Kabupaten Sorong berdasarkan BSN (3926:2008) termasuk dalam Mutu I. Kata Kunci: Ayam petelur ISA Brown; Kabupate Sorong; Kualitas Telur; Produksi telur,

West Sumatra is one of the regions that has a substantial collection of Quranic manuscript in the Nusantara. One notable location is Nagari Tuo Pariangan, which houses a number of Quranic manuscript that have been handed down through generations. This article investigates the scriptural aspects (rasm) of the Quranic manuscript preserved by Aswardi, specifically with the identification numbers or codes No. 019 NM and No. 029 NM. The analysis focuses on the origin of the manuscripts and the consistency of the rasm copying in utilizing the script. This research employs a qualitative method, specifically field research, which involves collecting data from the field using observation and documentation techniques on the Quranic manuscript and interviews with the owner or custodian of the manuscripts. The results of this study indicate that the Qur'anic manuscripts from Nagari Tuo Pariangan originate from Surau Tinggi. However, due to the non-functional status of the surau, the manuscripts were brought to a house for personal preservation and became an inherited legacy. Two manuscripts were discovered, both originating from the same source. The identification process of script usage in these manuscripts revealed the utilization of two different scripts: the 'Uthmani script and the Imla'i script. The use of rasm in these manuscripts tends to be inconsistent, as both script types are employed in different verses, with 'Uthmani script used in one verse and Imla'i script in another. This inconsistency in rasm usage indicates that the tradition of copying Qur'anic manuscripts in Nagari Tuo Paringan is motivated by a tradition of writing without incorporating sufficient knowledge of rasm rules.

This research aims to determine the influence of productive ZIS, Islamic work ethic and length of business on the welfare of MSMEs. This research methodology is quantitative, using multiple linear regression analysis techniques with non-probability sampling techniques with a purposive sampling approach. The sample in this study was 103 mustahik who received Productive Zakat from several zakat amil institutions in the GERBANGKERTOSUSILA area. The research results show that the calculated t value for the Productive ZIS and Length of Business variables is respectively equal to1.542 and -0.663 < t table 1.984 which means that it partially has no effect onwelfare of MSMEs, while the calculated t value for the Islamic Work Ethic variable is3.532 > t table 1.984 which means it partially has a significant effect onwelfare of MSMEs.The calculated f value (11.198) > table f value (2.70) means that the variables Productive ZIS, Islamic Work Ethic and Length of Business simultaneously influence the welfare of MSMEs. Conclusion: Simultaneously, Productive ZIS, Islamic Work Ethic, and Length of Business influence the welfare of MSMEs. Partially, the ZIS Productivity and Length of Business variables have no effect on the welfare of MSMEs. Meanwhile, the Islamic Work Ethic has a significant influence on the welfare of MSMEs.

Abstract Immunological memory is a hallmark of the adaptive immune system. Although natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells important for the immediate host defence, they can differentiate into memory NK cells. The molecular mechanisms controlling this differentiation are yet to be fully elucidated. Here we identify the scaffold protein Themis2 as a critical regulator of memory NK cell differentiation and function. Themis2-deficient NK cells expressing Ly49H, an activating NK receptor for the mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) antigen m157, show enhanced differentiation into memory NK cells and augment host protection against MCMV infection. Themis2 inhibits the effector function of NK cells after stimulation of Ly49H and multiple activating NK receptors, though not specific to memory NK cells. Mechanistically, Themis2 suppresses Ly49H signalling by attenuating ZAP70/Syk phosphorylation, and it also translocates to the nucleus, where it promotes Zfp740-mediated repression to regulate the persistence of memory NK cells. Zfp740 deficiency increases the number of memory NK cells and enhances the effector function of memory NK cells, which further supports the relevance of the Themis2-Zfp740 pathway. In conclusion, our study shows that Themis2 quantitatively and qualitatively regulates NK cell memory formation.

This study aims to predict the number of passengers on the Mall Pannakkukang-Galesong Harbor route on the "Teman Bus" fast transit transportation system in Makassar City. Public transportation modes often face the problem of an imbalance between the number of buses and the number of passengers, which can reduce the comfort and efficiency of passenger mobility. To overcome this problem, this study uses a fuzzy logic approach, specifically the Mamdani fuzzy method, to predict the number of passengers who will take the bus based on input variable data that has been collected, such as day temperature and weather, as well as the output variable, namely the number of passengers. The results obtained in this study are based on the inputs given, namely the day with a value of 0.5 and the weather temperature with a value of 30. The number of passengers is 1500, which means the number of passengers is included in the quiet category.

Baterai lithium-ion merupakan salah satu jenis baterai yang banyak digunakan pada kendaraan listrik maupun perangkat elektronik dimasa kini, karena memiliki performa yang baik dengan densitas energi lebih tinggi dan umur pakai panjang. Penelitian ini menggunakan baterai dengan jenis lithium-ion tipe INR 18650 3.7volt 2500mAh dengan bahan lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (LiNiCoAlO2). Jumlah baterai adalah 15 sel, dengan total kapasitas yang terpasang pada BMS sebesar 11.1 volt 12500 mAh. Lama waktu pengisian baterai dari kondisi low voltage (8.8v) sampai kondis high voltage (12.8v) memakan waktu selama 7 jam, dengan tegangan input 12v. Sistem cut off low voltage dan high voltage berhasil dilakukan BMS, dengan sistem proteksi yang memutus aliran pengisian ketika baterai sudah mencapai kondisi high yaitu 4.2v, dan memutus aliran pengurasan ketika baterai berada pada kondisi low yaitu 2.8v. Sistem balancing BMS berhasil melakukan penyeimbangan tegangan pada semua sel baterai ketika dilakukan pengisian, hal tersebut dibuktikan dengan pengukuran menggunakan multimeter kepada 15 sel baterai dalam kondisi penuh yaitu mengasilkan pembacaan tegangan sebesar 4.2v.

Limited evidence exists on whether initial viral load and patient characteristics can predict unfavorable outcomes in future outbreaks of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This retrospective cohort study examined the relationship between the initial viral load, patient characteristics, and outcomes during the second-wave COVID-19 outbreak in West Sumatra, Indonesia. We analyzed the COVID-19 patients admitted to a secondary hospital between the 1 June 2021 and the 31 August 2021. The initial viral load was determined using the real-time quantitative-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) cycle threshold (Ct) value, categorized as low (LIVL, Ct > 20) or high (HIVL, Ct ≤ 20). Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between the initial viral load, age, sex, vaccination status, comorbidities, and outcomes, including disease severity, hospital stay length, ICU admission, invasive ventilation, and in-hospital mortality. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under the curve (AUC) were used to assess the diagnostic performance of the initial Ct values in predicting COVID-19 outcomes. The study included 373 patients (median age [range]: 48 [0–94]; male: 40.21%; HIVL: 34.85%; unvaccinated: 86.06%; comorbidities: 52.01%). The HIVL patients significantly had a lower risk of developing severe/critical outcomes (OR: 0.506; 95% CI: 0.310–0.825; p = 0.006) and needing invasive ventilation (OR: 0.290; CI: 0.098–0.854; p = 0.025). The Ct value used to indicate severe/critical outcomes was 23.57. More severe outcomes were significantly observed in LIVL patients, those aged >60 years, males, unvaccinated individuals, and those with comorbidities. This study emphasizes the importance of primary prevention, early screening, and immediate care for COVID-19 in saving lives.

The impact of the southerly surge’s interaction with the MJO on rainfall in this study was investigated using daily rainfall data from 2140 weather-observation stations. The southern surge, which coincided with the MJO, enhanced rainfall in the western research region, with Yogyakarta seeing the greatest increase at 4.69 mm/day. Meanwhile, the southern surge that occurred without the MJO increased rainfall in the eastern region, with West Nusa Tenggara seeing the greatest rise at 3.09 mm/day. However, the southerly surge has the effect of lowering rainfall in Jakarta, reaching −2.21 mm/day when the MJO is active and −1.58 mm/day when the MJO is inactive. The southerly surge causes extreme rainfall to only occur in a small part of certain areas, so it tends to significantly reduce the possibility of extreme rainfall. In the southern part of the Indonesian maritime continent, the southerly surge predominates over the MJO, supporting increased water vapor transport. Rainfall mostly increases in the afternoon and decreases in the morning when the southerly surge occurs, whether there is the MJO or not. Convective instability analysis indicates that SS increases precipitation, most likely by raising vertically integrated moisture flux convergence, with a correlation coefficient value of 0.82.

The last report of Microhyla gadjahmadai was recorded from Vila Hijau on Curup, Bengkulu Province, Indonesia. Here, we report this species from the conservation area and palm-oil plantation of PT. Tidar Kerinci Agung, Solok Selatan and Dharmasraya Regency, West Sumatra Province. These new records extend the known distribution by 213 km to the north-northwest from the nearest previously known occurrence. These finds add to the information known about this species and as an indicator to support management for further conservation strategy of the forest.

Latar Belakang: Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2). Peningkatan kasus COVID-19 di Indonesia cukup cepat dan menyebar ke berbagai wilayah di Indonesia. Diabetes Melitus merupakan salah satu komorbiditas yang berkaitan dengan infeksi berat COVID-19, gagal napas akut, dan peningkatan mortalitas pasien COVID-19. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penanda klinis yang ekonomis, cepat, dan bersifat sensitif dan spesifik. Peningkatan rasio neutrofil-limfosit merupakan biomarker peradangan yang mudah dianalisis untuk memprediksi risiko COVID-19 dan menilai keparahan COVID-19. Objektif: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan antara rasio neutrofil-limfosit dengan derajat keparahan COVID-19 pada pasien diabetes. Metode: Jenis penelitian adalah kohort retrospektif dengan teknik convenience sampling. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah 84 pasien diabetes yang terkonfirmasi COVID-19 pada bulan April 2020 hingga Agustus 2021 di RS Universitas Andalas. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi-square dan Independent group t-test. Hasil: Hasil penelitian didapatkan derajat keparahan COVID-19 paling banyak pada derajat berat (32,1%). Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara rasio neutrofil-limfosit dengan derajat keparahan COVID-19 (p = 0,00). Gula darah sewaktu pada kasus severe (291.82 mg/dL) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kasus non severe (272.33 mg/dL), tetapi secara statistik tidak signifikan (p = 0,389). Kesimpulan: Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara rasio neutrofil-limfosit dengan derajat keparahan COVID-19 pada pasien diabetes. Peningkatan rasio neutrofil-limfosit ini dapat digunakan sebagai penanda awal yang mempengaruhi derajat keparahan COVID-19 pada pasien diabetes.

Objectives The second wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in Indonesia, during which the Delta variant predominated, took place after a vaccination program had been initiated in the country. This study was conducted to assess the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on unfavorable clinical outcomes including hospitalization, severe COVID-19, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and death using a real-world model. Methods This single-center retrospective cohort study involved patients with COVID-19 aged ≥18 years who presented to the COVID-19 emergency room at a secondary referral teaching hospital between June 1, 2021 and August 31, 2021. We used a binary logistic regression model to assess the effect of COVID-19 vaccination on unfavorable clinical outcomes, with age, sex, and comorbidities as confounding variables. Results A total of 716 patients were included, 32.1% of whom were vaccinated. The elderly participants (≥65 years) had the lowest vaccine coverage among age groups. Vaccination had an effectiveness of 50% (95% confidence interval [CI], 25 to 66) for preventing hospitalization, 97% (95% CI, 77 to 99) for preventing severe COVID-19, 95% (95% CI, 56 to 99) for preventing ICU admission, and 90% (95% CI, 22 to 99) for preventing death. Interestingly, patients with type 2 diabetes had a 2-fold to 4-fold elevated risk of unfavorable outcomes. Conclusions Among adults, COVID-19 vaccination has a moderate preventive impact on hospitalization but a high preventive impact on severe COVID-19, ICU admission, and death. The authors suggest that relevant parties increase COVID-19 vaccination coverage, especially in the elderly population.

A matrix is a collection of numbers that are often also called regularly arranged entries by rows and colums. There are several types of matrices, such as Centrosymmetric matrix. The concept of a matrix is very useful in solving some problems in mathematics. One of the most common problems in mathematics is solving system of linear equations. One way to determining the inverse of a matrix is using a Adjoin Method. This study aims to determine the inverse of a Centrosymmetric matrix of a special shape using the Adjoin Method

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aspek kesejahteraan hewan berdasarkan tata cara pemisahan dan handling sapi ketika akan disembelih, berapa lama waktu maksimal sapi Bali yang disembelih mati sempurna dan indikator kematian apa yang paling lama hilang setelah sapi disembelih. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 57 ekor sapi Bali yang disembelih di 5 masjid di Kabupaten Manokwari yang menyelenggarakan penyembelihan hewan kurban. Pengamatan tata cara pemisahan dan handling sapi dilakukan dengan observasi. Waktu henti darah memancar dihitung sejak awal darah memancar sampai tidak lagi memancar. Indikator kematian lain (refleks pupil, refleks kornea, pernafasan ritmik, tonus rahang, tonus lidah, refleks ekor, refleks anus, dan refleks tracak) dihitung setelah waktu henti darah memancar diperoleh. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif. Data henti darah memancar dihitung rerata dan simpangan bakunya, sedangkan indikator lain disajikan dengan range tiap menit dalam tabel. Pemisahan antara lokasi penempatan dengan penyembelihan dan penggunaan kandang jepit modifikasi untuk handling telah dilakukan disebagian besar lokasi pengamatan. Waktu henti darah memancar pada penelitian ini adalah 2,93 menit. Refleks kornea dan tonus lidah merupakan indikator tercepat yang hilang, yaitu 4-5 menit setelah darah berhenti memancar, kemudian berturut-turut diikuti dengan pernafasan ritmik dan tonus rahang, yaitu masing-masing 5-6 menit serta refleks ekor dan refleks tracak, yaitu 6-7 menit. Refleks anus merupakan indikator terlama yang hilang, yaitu 7-8 menit setelah darah berhenti memancar. Kesimpulan: sebagain besar masjid telah memperhatikan kesejahteraan hewan berdasarkan lokasi dan tata cara penyembelihan. Sapi Bali sebagai hewan kurban di Kabupaten Manokwari mengalami mati sempurna pada menit ke 13,93 dan indikator kematian terakhir yang hilang adalah refleks anus.

Anchovy is a food that is widely consumed by the people of Indonesia because it has high quality and affordable prices for the middle and lower economic class. Anchovy as a source of calcium is very good for preventing osteoporosis, the formation and maintenance of bones and teeth, smooth muscle function, and the nervous system. The purpose of this study was to determine the calcium levels of wet anchovies and dried anchovies sold in traditional markets in the city of Bekasi. Determination of calcium content of wet anchovies and dried anchovies can be determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis. The results of the analysis of the highest calcium levels in wet anchovies were 653.05 mg/100g and the lowest was 517.56 mg/100g. The highest calcium level in dried anchovies is 611.02 mg/100g and the lowest is 148.33 mg/100g. These results indicate that there are differences in calcium levels in wet anchovies and dried anchovies. This occurs due to the presence of water content and salt content in anchovy which affects the high and low calcium results in the analysis.

An area known as a geopark is an area that has three fundamental pillars—conservation, education, and local economic development—and includes significant geological heritage and biodiversity, as well as integrated biodiversity and culture. Development in the fields of culture and tourism is multi-sectoral, interdisciplinary and based on a synergistic system, and is expected to be able to support efforts to educate society, advance civilization, foster national unity and strengthen international friendship. Transport and changes in the cultural and tourism sectors have led to new systems that are more reliable and sustainable. However, the improvements brought about by revolution and reform have not yet reached their full potential. The waters around Lake Toba before it was designated as a UNESCO Global Geopark experienced various disturbances to the preservation of nature due to floating net cages (KJA) animal feed, reduction of land to individual ownership, arbitrariness in the form of logging and waste generated by the community originating from the restaurant business, including oil vessel., which is contaminating the lake water. Toba Government Regulation Number 37 of 2014 concerning Soil and Water Conservation as a legal basis for structuring the Lake Toba Geopark tourism area as a legal umbrella must be holistic, fundamental and partly so that water damage to the surrounding environment can be overcome. This research aimed to analyze the impact of UNESCO's designation of Lake Toba as a Geopark. This research is juridical law research by conducting data collection activities in the form of secondary data. Data analysis used a quantitative descriptive method. The research results show that the government is still trying to maintain the sustainability and beauty of the area by providing education about the ecosystem and realizing Lake Toba as a World Geopark. The government also carries out rehabilitation, reclamation and reforestation of forests to prevent landslides on critical land. It has a Lake Toba Caldera website to implement information on the Toba Caldera area. The existence of Government Regulation Number 37 of 2014 can prevent and preserve the environment around Lake Toba.

Preparing the final project is one of the requirements for graduation from a college student. The right Final Project management system will affect the quality of education. Industrial Engineering Trisakti University is one of the leading universities in Indonesia that continues to develop its education system. Managing the final project at Trisakti University Industrial Engineering is still manual and has not been integrated. As a result, the risk of errors in entering and saving Final Project data is still high. Therefore, this research was conducted to design a final project management system at Trisakti University Industrial Engineering. It begins with analyzing the existing management system. It is described with swim lane diagrams and PIECES to determine the process flow in the system and the actors who play a role in the system. After analyzing the system, proceed with designing information systems with Object-Oriented Modeling and evaluate it with black box testing and ERRC. This research results in website-based final project management at Trisakti University Industrial Engineering.

Broiler farming in Malang Regency, East Java, Indonesia, has experienced rapid growth, significantly contributing to the regional economy. In this region, the open cage system is among the broiler cage systems that are commonly used. Therefore, this study aims to analyze 1) factors affecting growth, 2) factors causing technical inefficiency, and 3) technical, allocative, and economic efficiency. The results showed that factors such as day-old chicks (DOC), feed, and drugs positively affected broilers' development. However, there was a variation in the level of technical efficiency of 0.047 due to inefficient sources, which included the age of breeders, education level, work experience, number of family members, and employment status. Despite the variation in efficiency levels, the average breeder demonstrated high technical, allocative, and economic efficiency with values of 0.93, 0.99, and 0.92, respectively. This performance indicated that the average breeders had yet to reach peak efficiency but were categorized as high-efficiency. To further enhance productivity, broiler farming required additional DOC feed and adequate training for broiler breeders to maximize productivity and resource utilization. Based on these results, recommendations were made to provide loans to broiler farms with simple terms and conditions, specifically for purchasing DOC, feed, labor, medicines, and fuel.

The body's immune system is one of the natural defenses in the human body, functioning to ward off various diseases, including those that emerged after the Covid-19 pandemic. One plant with potential as an antioxidant and easily found in the environment is watermelon. Jam made from watermelon rind and secang wood, with various formulations, namely 100% watermelon rind: 0% secang (F1), 90% watermelon rind: 10% secang (F2), 80% watermelon rind: 2% secang (F3), and 70% watermelon rind: 3% secang (F4), is expected to possess good antioxidant properties. A promising antioxidant formulation for watermelon rind jam and secang is the one with 70% watermelon rind and 30% secang (F4), having an IC50 value of 144.27 g/mL, which is classified as a moderate antioxidant. Among the four jam formulations, panelists preferred the jam formulation (F4) without the addition of sweetened condensed milk in terms of color and texture. However, for the jam formulation (F4) with the addition of sweetened condensed milk, panelists favored it in terms of aroma and taste. The jam formulation (F4) meets the quality standards for fruit jam based on INS 3746:2008, including total plate count, arsenic, and tin categories.

The educational landscape has been significantly influenced by the rapid development of technology, especially in the instructional process. Examining teachers’ professional digital competence (TPDC) in Indonesia, a developing country, is of utmost importance. It is vital to comprehend the extent of professional digital competence among teachers to identify potential gaps and areas for improvement through training programs. This investigation aims to shed light on disparities and formulate strategies to bridge the digital divide. In this context, the principal’s instructional e-supervision (PIS) and technology leadership (PTL) play a pivotal role in nurturing a school’s digital culture (SDC). This culture is crucial for ensuring the effectiveness of the collaborative learning process that meets the needs of students in this digital-savvy era. Therefore, this study delves into the structural impact of PIS and PTL on TPDC mediated by SDC. Quantitative methods were employed to address research hypotheses through structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis with AMOS, utilizing inner and outer model techniques. Carried out in seven senior high schools in Indonesia, the research involved 257 productive teachers randomly selected from a population of 450. The findings revealed that PIS directly influences TPDC, albeit with the most negligible coefficient (0.192). Simultaneously, PTL directly impacts SDC (0.663) and TPDC (0.229). Moreover, SDC significantly influences TPDC (0.816). However, the direct coefficient of PTL has a more substantial impact on SDC than on TPDC. Consequently, the structural model suggests that PTL will profoundly influence TPDC when mediated by SDC (0.541). In light of these results, this study recommends the application of principal technology leadership-based humbleness for future research.

This study aims to analyze students’ listening skills in online learning in language skills courses. In addition, this study also aims to find factors that affect students’ listening difficulties. This study was designed using descriptive research with a quantitative and qualitative approach involving 86 students taking a listening skill test. The results showed that the students had very good listening skills, as indicated by the scores of listening skills, most of the students were in the 82,5-95 range. However, the result is still only on the ability to listen in simple texts, so that listening skills need to be improved again to understand more complex information. Factors that affect listening difficulties are internal factors, that is mental readiness in understanding the information being listened to, and external factors such as inadequate places and poor internet networks.

The purpose of this research is to produce science learning tools using the Discovery Learning model on vibration and wave material to improve student learning outcomes in junior high schools that are valid and suitable for theoretical use. The research method used is the development of a 4D model design which goes through 4 stages including the definition stage, the design stage, the development stage, and the dissemination stage. However, this research is only limited to the development stage. Data collection techniques are through expert validation sheets, practitioner validation sheets, and final semester students. According to the results of this research, it was obtained that implementation of learning by plan and teaching materials had a validity value of 0.85, while for student worksheets 0.87 and learning outcomes tests had a validity level of 0.84 with the criteria based on Aiken (V > 0.80). So that it can be concluded that theoretically it belongs to the very valid criteria and deserves to be tested by other researchers.

Upik Home Industry is one of the businesses engaged in the chips industry. Problems in Upik Home Industry that are often faced in decision making are problems that contain several goals in it. To overcome these problems, the Goal Programming approach is used. Goal Programming is an extension of linear programming which is used to solve linear equations with more than one objective function. The purpose of this study was to determine the completion of Goal Programming using the revised simplex method in maximizing profits at Upik Home Industry Padang Panjang, West Sumatra. The method used in this study is the revised simplex method. The revised simplex method uses an inverse basis to perform calculations in determining the incoming and outgoing variables. Based on the results of research, the goal is to minimize working times, minimize raw materials for cassava, oil, salt and maximize sales quotas for sanjai balado and is not achieved. And goals for maximizing profit, goals for minimizing raw material for garlic and minimizing the sales quota for sanjai original, sanjai kunyit dan tusuk gigi is achieved. So that the total production for original sanjai ( as much 30,67 kg, sanjai kunyit ( as much 18 kg and tusuk gigi ( as much 18 kg. Keywords: Goal Programming, Home industry, Revised Simplex.

Paraphrasing must be done in writing scientific papers to avoid plagiarism. So this is important for all students. However, in reality, Asahan University FKIP students still have not mastered the correct paraphrasing technique. These abilities can be developed by diligently reading or with the help of free or paid online applications. The method of this activity was carried out in three stages, namely: preparation, implementation, and evaluation, by distributing questionnaires for student responses to the activities that have been carried out. This community service activity was at the Asahan University FKIP, Jalan Jend. Ahmad Yani Kisaran. Participants in this activity were all students of the seventh semester of the English Education study program, totalling 43 students, and Mathematics Education, totalling 57 students. This activity was carried out by introducing paraphrasing tools to help students reduce plagiarism. However, these tools must be re-read by students so that the meaning of the articles quoted is the same. The results of the introduction and training on paraphrasing applications, namely smodin, spinner id, quilbolt, and paraphrasing tools, were fascinating and help students reduce plagiarism. Based on the results of the evaluation through the distribution of google form questionnaires, it was found that 82% of students stated that the activities of using paraphrasing applications that were taught were beneficial. In comparison, 18% of students stated that it was helpful.

Infectious diseases caused by microorganisms are the main cause of high morbidity and mortality in the world. One of the plants that have the potential as an antiseptic is a lahuna leaf. Lahuna leaves contain active antibacterial compounds and the addition of betel leaf to the liquid soap formulations can strengthen the activity of the antiseptic produced. The purpose of this research is to test the effectiveness of liquid soap formulations of lahuna leaves and betel leaves as an antiseptic. The methods used include phytochemical screening, physical observation of liquid soap formulations, and antibacterial activity tests using agar diffusion methods. The results of the phytochemical analysis showed that lahuna leaves contain flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, and alkaloids, while betel leaves contain flavonoids, saponins, tannins, terpenoids, and alkaloids. The liquid soap formulation of lahuna leaves and betel leaves has a clear yellow color, distinctive aroma, liquid form, rough taste, and lots of foam and has very strong inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus which is characterized by clear zones formed for each formulation I (22.4 mm), formulation II (21.8 mm) and formulation III (20.1 mm). These results indicate the potential of liquid soap formulations of lahuna leaves and betel leaves as antiseptic soap.

Widya Istanto Nurcahyo,1 Anshoril Arifin,1 Aria Dian Primatika,1 Zainal Muttaqin,2 Cindy Elfira Boom,3 M Sofyan Harahap,1 Mochamat Mochamat,1 Taufik Eko Nugroho,1 Satrio Adi Wicaksono1 1Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Diponegoro University Faculty of Medicine/Dr. Kariadi General Hospital, Semarang City, Central Java Province, Indonesia; 2Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University/Dr. Kariadi General Hospital, Semarang City, Central Java Province, Indonesia; 3Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Cardiovascular Centre, Harapan Kita Hospital, Jakarta, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Widya Istanto NurcahyoDepartment of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Diponegoro University Faculty of Medicine/Dr. Kariadi General Hospital, Semarang City, Central Java Province, 50275, IndonesiaFax +62 2476928010Email widya_istanto2@yahoo.com; widya.istanto.dr@gmail.comBackground: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is defined as cognitive dysfunction related to inflammation after surgical procedures, which is common following cardiac surgery. Cognitive deficits are thought to result from a systemic inflammatory response. C-reactive protein (CRP) and other proinflammatory cytokines, which are released in response to inflammation, disrupt the blood–brain barrier and neurotransmission, resulting in POCD. This study aimed to determine the correlation between POCD and increased levels of CRP in patients who had undergone heart valve replacement.Methods: This study comprised 32 patients with normal cognitive function undergoing heart valve replacement. The CRP levels were measured before surgery and on the second postoperative day, and cognitive function was examined via the Indonesian-adapted Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA-INA) on the third postoperative day. Data were analyzed using Spearman correlation test.Results: Of the 32 patients, 28 (87.5%) experienced POCD. The median level of CRP was 6.6 mg/dL (interquartile range: 4.0, 8.3 g/dL). According to Spearman correlation test, increased levels of CRP were significantly related to POCD following heart valve replacement (p = 0.003, r = 0.501). The receiver operating characteristic curve indicated that the CRP cutoff level was 3.345 mg/dL, and the sensitivity and specificity were 89.3% and 75%, respectively.Conclusion: High expression level of CRP was correlated with POCD following heart valve replacement.Keywords: C-reactive protein, cardiac surgical procedure, cognition disorders, cognitive dysfunction, heart valves, postoperative complication

CV. Bintang Anugerah Sukses is a company engaged in the distribution of product PT. Belfoods Indonesia. Distribution of frozen goods distributes to 12 customer agencies using one vehicle. The route distribution is determined based on the experience and subjective decisions of a salesman in charge of distributing goods. The problem will be solved using the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) approach, so the best route for distributing goods can be obtained that can minimum mileage and time. One of the methods applied to the traveling salesman problem is the Tabu Search algorithm. Tabu Search is one of the metaheuristic methods with the process of searching moving from one solution to the next. The algorithm uses a taboo list to store a set of solutions that have just been evaluated, the result will be adjusted first to the contents of the taboo list to see whether the solution already exists or not. If the solution already exists then the solution will not be evaluated. The calculation results obtained a minimum mileage of 53.6 km and a minimum of time 305 minutes or 5 hours 5 minutes.

Linear programming is a way to solve the problemof allocating limiter resources optimally. One of the methods used in solving the simplex method for mixed constraints is the two-phase method. There is a new approach to solve linear programming problems, namely the quick simplex method is carried out using a matrix to reduce the number of iterations needed to achieve the optimal solution. Completion step for the minimum case are the same as for the maximum case, the difference is only taking the entering variable, namely taking a positive value on the zj-cj line minimum case. The method used in this research is the two-phase quick simplex method. The purpose this study to find out the optimal solution for solving the quick simplex method in the two-phase method for the minimum case. Based on the research result, the quick simplex metode of entering variables and leaving variables can be taken two elements at simultaneously,resulting in fewer iterations than the usual two-phase method.

Setiap pelaku usaha atau pelaku ekonomi pasti melakukan prinsip ekonomi yaitu dengan usaha atau modal yang sedikit mampu menghasilkan keuntungan yang banyak, sehingga menyebabkan munculnya masalah optimasi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode Branch and Bound. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui optimalisasi produk mebel yang berada di jalan Marsan Panam menggunakan metode Branch and Bound. . Solusi awal didapat menggunakan metode simpleks. Apabila hasilnya bernilai non integer maka dilanjutkan dengan metode Branch and Bound untuk mendapatkan solusi yang integer. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa untuk mengoptimalkan produk mebel dengan keuntungan maksimal, maka toko mebel di Jalan Marsan, Panam menerima pesanan produk mebel tempat tidur sebanyak 4 unit, lemari tiga pintu sebanyak 4 unit, lemari dua pintu sebanyak 2 unit dan meja makan sebanyak 3 unit dengan keuntungan produksi sebesar Rp. 14.250.000. Kata kunci: Branch and bound, integer, metode simpleks, optimalisasi

Background: Fixed orthodontic appliances, such as Edgewise and Straightwire techniques, can increase the amount of plaque retention containing Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), which can lead to white spot lesions. Purpose: The aim of this study is to analyse the correlation of fixed orthodontic treatment with Edgewise and Straightwire techniques on the incidence of white spot lesions and accumulation of S. mutans. Methods: The samples consisted of three groups: control group (n=8), Edgewise technique group, and Straightwire technique group. We observed the samples at the sixth month and eighth month of the treatment, after the installation of the fixed orthodontic appliances. The observation of white spot lesions with caries detector was applied in all regions. Bacterial swabs were acquired in the lateral incisor region, then a bacterial culture procedure was carried out on selective media of S. mutans, and then a bacterial count was performed. The data was analysed using two-way ANOVA, the post-hoc least square differences test, and the Pearson’s correlation test. Results: The number of white spot lesions in the Edgewise group was higher than in the Straightwire group in the sixth and eighth month of treatment with insignificant difference (p>0.05). The number of S. mutans bacteria increased in all groups, but there were no significant differences (p>0.05). There was no significant relationship between the number of white spot lesions with the accumulation of S. mutans between groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: The Edgewise and Straightwire techniques increase the incidence of white spot lesions but accumulation of S. mutans with the incidence of white spot lesions has no relationship.

Cases of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF), filariasis and chikungunya in Indonesia in 2018 carried by Aedes sp and Culex sp are still common. Excessive use of synthetic insecticides and larvicides cause resistance and are toxic to humans. The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration and LC50 values of lenca plant extracts (Solanum nigrum) and papaya seeds (Carica papaya) on the larvae of Culex sp and Aedes sp. The concentration variations used in the test were 0% (control), 0.50%, 1.5% and 2.5%. Total mortality of Culex sp larvae against variations in the concentration of Carica papaya extract (p = 0.373) and Solanum nigrum (p = 0.03). LC 50 extract of Solanum nigrum against Culex sp larvae at a concentration of 1.19%. Total mortality of Aedes sp larvae against variations in the concentration of Carica papaya extract (p = 0.11) and Solanum nigrum (p = 0.00). Carica papaya contains alkaloids which are toxic, proteolytic and inhibit larval growth hormone. Solanin in Solanum nigrum is neurotoxic glycalkaloid which can cause disruption of membrane function.

Background: Sodium hypochlorite (5.25% NaOCl) is the gold standard among irrigation solutions, but it is toxic to periapical tissue, decreases the micromechanical characteristics of dentin, has no effect on smear layer removal, and may not completely eradicate biofilms. Therefore, many new irrigation solutions, such as mixtures of tetracycline, citric acid, and detergent (MTAD) and a mixture of chlorhexidine (CHX) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) have been introduced as the alternatives to NaOCl. Objectives: The objectives of this study are to analyze the differences in the effects of MTAD and mixtures of CHX and EDTA on the growth of Enterococcus faecalis ex vivo.Methods: This study used 28 lower premolars, divided into seven groups. Group I received MTAD. Group II received MTAD with CHX. Group III received a mixture of CHX and EDTA. Group IV received a 2% CHX solution. Group V received 17% EDTA. Group VI received a 5.25% NaOCl solution, which served as the positive control, and Group VII received sterile distilled water, which was the negative control. The effectiveness of various irrigation solutions in preventing the growth of E. faecalis was measured by the zone of growth inhibition and colony counts. Results: A one-way analysis of variance revealed a significant difference among the tested irrigation solutions, both in terms of zone inhibition of E. faecalis and E. faecalis colonies counting (P < 0.05). Conclusion: There was a different antibacterial effect between MTAD and the mixture of CHX and EDTA. MTAD were more effective as irrigation solution compared to the mixture of CHX and EDTA. However, as irrigation solutions, both were less effective than 5.25% NaOCl.

Abstract The cuticle is the outermost layer of the egg which deposited on to the surface of the egg during the final 1-1.5 hours prior to oviposition. It is a protective coating which prevents bacterial penetration through the gas exchange pores in the eggshell. The aim of this research is analysing the cuticle cover and ultrastructural features of the mammillary layer cover during production cycle in the free-range system. Data were collected from age 26, 37, 50 and 60 weeks of age to observe the eggshell colour (%), cuticle cover following the MST blue dye which analysed by spectrophotometry based on L*a*b system and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were analysed using Statview Software (SAS Institute Inc., Version 5.0.1.0). A two way analysis of variance was conducted taking flock age and shed/flock as the independent variables and body weight, egg quality measurements, spectrophotometry (L*a*b) measurements, single score measurements for cuticle cover, and ultrastructural features as dependent variables. Level of significance was indicated by probability of less than 5%. The Fishers PLSD test was used to differentiate between mean values. The result of this research showed that the cuticle cover is vary from age to age. The greater value of cuticle cover in at 37 weeks of age which the same result also showed by single scrore and SEM. The cuticle cover of the shell is mostly affected by age and also strain. Keyword: Cuticle; Eggshell quality; Laying hens. Abstrak Kutikula pada telur merupakan lapisan terluar telur yang dideposisikan pada lapisan palisade kurang lebih 1,5 – 2 jam di akhir pembentukan kerabang di dalam uterus. Kutikula berfungsi sebagai benteng pertahanan pertama untuk mencegah masuknya bakteri ke dalam telur. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada usaha peternakan ayam petelur yang dipelihara dengan system free range. Telur diambil untuk dianalisa penyebaran kutikula telur pada umur 26, 37, 50, dan 60 minggu. Variable yang diamati meliputi reflektifitas warna kerabang (%), penyebaran kutikula diukur menggunakan MST blue dye dan selanjutnya diukur melalui sistim spectrophotometry, yang difokuskan pada sistim pewarnaan berdasarkan sistim L*a*b* dan single score, dan dilanjutkan dengan pengamatan menggunakan scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Selanjutnya data dianalisis menggunakan Staview software (SAS Institute Inc. version 5.0.1.0) dengan analisis anova dua arah, dimana umur ayam sebagai variable independent dan nilai SCI a* sesudah perendaman dan nilai single score (ΔE*ab) sebagai variable dependent, pada level of significance 5%. Pengaruh yang nyata diuji lanjut menggunakan Fisher PLSD. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa penyebaran kutikula pada kerabang telur bervariasi selama pengamatan. Penyebaran kutikula terbanyak ditemukan pada saat ayam berumur 37 minggu. Hal ini juga diperkuat dengan hasil yang diperoleh dengan single score (ΔE*ab) yang memperlihatkan nilai ΔE*ab yang tinggi pada umur 37 minggu. Penyebaran kutikula pada kerabang telur sangat dipengaruhi oleh umur dan juga strain ayam. Kata kunci: Ayam petelur; Kualitas telur; Kutikula.

Abstract Air pollution is a phenomenon that is often discussed, especially regarding air quality in urban areas. This has become a major contributor to health problems and environmental issues in Asian countries, such as Indonesia, especially Riau Province. The event of forest fires is one of the many events that occurred in Indonesia, especially Riau Province which harmed the population of Indonesia and neighboring countries. The phenomenon of forest forestry generally occurs due to a shift in the season towards drought and can occur in areas prone to forest fires. Therefore, it is necessary to know the model of air pollution distribution by Particulate Matter (PM10) in Pekanbaru City. This study aims to obtain the distribution model for daily air pollution PM10 in Pekanbaru City from 2014 to February 2015. Data was taken from three stations i.e. Sukajadi Station, Tampan Station, and Kulim Station. Four distributions will be tested i.e. Log Pearson III distribution, Gumbel distribution, Generalized Pareto Distribution, and Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution. We test the goodness of fit from these distribution using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and the Anderson-Darling tests. The result shows that the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution model was better than the Log Pearson III, Gumbel and Generalized Pareto distribution models for modeling city air pollution data Pekanbaru with three stations namely Sukajadi, Tampan, and Kulim. Keywords: Anderson-Darling; Generalized Extreme Value (GEV); Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Abstrak Pencemaran udara merupakan satu fenomena yang sering dibicarakan, apalagi mengenai kualitas udara di daerah perkotaan. Hal ini menjadi penyumbang utama tentang masalah kesehatan dan isu lingkungan hidup di negara-negara Asia, seperti Negara Indonesia khususnya Provinsi Riau. Peristiwa kebakaran hutan merupakan salah satu peristiwa yang banyak terjadi di Indonesia khususnya Provinsi Riau yang berdampak negatif terhadap penduduk Indonesia dan negara tetangga. Fenomena kebarakan hutan pada umumnya terjadi karena adanya pergeseran musim kearah kemarau dan dapat terjadi di daerah rawan kebakaran hutan. Oleh karena itu, perlu diketahui model distribusi pencemaran udara oleh Particulate Matter (PM10) Kota Pekanbaru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan model distribusi data harian pencemaran udara oleh Particulate Matter (PM10) Kota Pekanbaru Tahun 2014 sampai Februari 2015 dengan tiga stasiun yaitu stasiun sukajadi, stasiun tampan dan stasiun kulim. Adapun distribusi yang digunakan adalah distribusi Log Pearson III, distribusi Gumbel, Distribusi Generalized Pareto dan distribusi Generalized Extreme Value (GEV). Berdasarkan pembahasan uji kebaikan (Goodness of Fit) yaitu uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov dan Anderson-Darling, maka diperoleh bahwa model distribusi Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) lebih baik dari pada model distribusi Log Pearson III, Gumbel dan Generalized Pareto untuk memodelkan data pencemaran udara kota Pekanbaru dengan tiga stasiun yaitu Sukajadi, Tampan dan Kulim. Kata Kunci: Anderson-Darling, Generalized Extreme Value (GEV), Kolmogorov-Smirnov

Pesisir Selatan Regency is one of the districts with 15 sub-districts with the largest population in IV Jurai District. The number of deaths per year on the South Coast fluctuates. In 2015 the number of infant deaths increased from 6 to 42 people (male 29 and 13 female) from the previous year, AKABA of 47 from 18 in the previous year. There were 16 toddlers with herniated nutrition and many pregnant women, namely around 273 pregnant women. Based on a preliminary study conducted by the activity implementation team at the Lumpo Public Health Center, IV Jurai District, Pesisir Selatan Regency, it is known that there is no ultrasound examination facility in pregnancy and prenatal yoga facilities at the Lumpo Puskesmas, besides that there are no similar activities carried out at SD Negeri 016 and MTsN. Nagari Lumpo which is included in the work area of Lumpo Puskesmas. Several tests can be done during pregnancy as an effort to detect early and prevent complications and growth disorders in the fetus. Among others, by monitoring weight gain during pregnancy, conducting general examinations (vital signs), physical examinations that focus on the breasts, abdomen, genitalia with inspection, palpation, auscultation, and percussion, ultrasonography (USG) examinations, and performing supporting examinations in the form of laboratory examination (hemoglobin examination). The result of this activity is an increase in each target group's quality of life by the stages of life after this activity.

The minimum value of risk-based capital of Islamic insurance is 30% in Indonesia, while Malaysia is 130%. RBC is one of indicator to measure people interest in Islamic insurance products. This paper aims to compare the risk-based capital (RBC) of Islamic insurance companies in Indonesia and Malaysia and analyze its financial ratios. This study used quantitative approach through two analysis techniques, the Mann-Whitney test and multiple linear regression. The results of this study showed that there is difference in risk between capital (RBC) of Indonesian and Malaysian Islamic insurance. Further, RBC, liquidity and investment balance ratios have a significant impact to the profitability of Islamic Insurance in Indonesia, while investment returns have no significant impact. In the other hand, RBC, liquidity, investment balance ratio, and investment returns have significant impact to the profitability of Islamic Insurace in Malaysia.

The halal economic industry is currently developing not only in Indonesia, but also on the global level. The global economic sector is not only limited to the sharia financial sector and halal food, but also halal cosmetics. The increasing number of Muslim population in the world has caused the increasing demand for halal cosmetics, as many other factors influencing the demand for halal cosmetics. The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of halal knowledge and Islamic religiosity toward customer behavior that is mediated by consumer attitude. Data were collected from questionnaires distributed to respondents in Surabaya, Sidoarjo, and Gresik, East Java, Indonesia. 145 respondents were identified as generation Y, while 40 as generation X. Primary data were analyzed by PLS. The results showed that halal knowledge and Islamic religiosity had a significant effect on consumer behavior perfectly mediated by attitude. Such results give implication to the halal cosmetics company to design appropriate marketing strategies in order to increase Indonesian exports for halal products, so it could help the national economy.

The concept of employment has some aspects that are integrated in order to achieve the balance of the workforce, both aspects of demand and supply of labor. The labor market is considered as the location of meeting between the demand for labor from both the private and Government sectors and the supply of labor available. The meeting of demand and supply of manpower can exert influence on the determination of the level of wage labor. In other words, the labor market plays a role in assisting the Government in the process of making employment-related policies such as the determination of the level of wages. This study, by employing library research, demonstrated that the concept of labor as seen from the viewpoint of Islam will be able to reach the concept of labor. It is not limited to the extent of absorption of labor, but also related how the level of the workforce that is capable of being managed by the Government to be more productive. The policy of wage rate in Islam is not limited to referring to balance demand and supply of labor. It also reviews the needs of a worker based on the principle of fairness and honesty, and protects both interests in the worker and the employer. The essence of Islamic economy in review market power based on the view of Islam shows its potential in generating equitable economy society and realize prosperity.