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Staphylococcus aureus causes a wide range of illnesses, from skin infections and persistent bone infections to life-threatening septicemia and endocarditis. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is one of the most common bacteria that cause nosocomial and community-acquired infections. Clindamycin is one of the most effective treatments for several bacterial infections. Despite this, these infections may develop inducible clindamycin resistance during treatment, leading to treatment failure. This study determined the incidence of inducible clindamycin resistance among S. aureus clinical isolates. A total of 800 S. aureus strains were identified from clinical samples collected from several university hospitals in Egypt. All isolates were examined for the presence of MRSA using cefoxitin (30 μg) and the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion technique. The induction phenotypes of all 800 S. aureus strains were evaluated using the disk approximation test (D test), as recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute. Of the 800 strains of S. aureus, 540 (67.5%) were identified as MRSA and 260 (32.5%) were classified as methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA). In MRSA infections, clindamycin constitutive and inducible resistance was more frequent than in MSSA infections (27.8% versus 11.5% and 38.9% versus 15.4%, respectively). Clindamycin-sensitive strains were more prevalent in MSSA (53.8%) than in MRSA (20.4%) infections. In conclusion, the frequency of constitutive and inducible clindamycin resistance in MRSA isolates emphasizes the need to use the D test in routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing to evaluate clindamycin susceptibility, as the inducible resistance phenotype can inhibit the action of clindamycin and thus affect treatment efficacy.

Numerous malignancies, including colorectal and liver cancers, are ultimately more likely to occur in obese people, and chronic inflammatory conditions have been linked to this association. We are attempting to determine the clinical relevance of the mechanisms controlling the microRNA (miR-215 and miR-146a) expression and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/interleukin-6 (IL-6) in a cross-link axis between obesity and colorectal cancer (CRC). Study participants were divided into four groups: healthy controls; obese without colorectal cancer; non-obese colorectal cancer; and obese with colorectal cancer. Obese and CRC patients had markedly higher expression of IL-6 and TGF-β, as well as tumor biomarkers, such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 19.9 (CA19.9), and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels. The relative expression of microRNAs (miR-215 and miR-146a) was significantly lower in obese patients with colorectal cancer. BMI and the microRNAs(miR-215 and miR-146a) showed a substantial negative correlation. TGF-β was favorably linked with IL-6, cholesterol, triglyceride levels, and BMI. High levels of TGF-β and IL-6 in the blood indicate how intensely inflammation develops in obesity, which could increase the risk of colorectal cancer., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (© 2023 The Authors.)

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the ADAM 10 rs.653765 SNP genetic polymorphism in the hepatocellular carcinoma occurrence (de novo and post DAAs)., Methods: This study was conducted on 360 participants divided to 4 groups. Group 1: 90 chronic adult patients infected with HCV received DAAs regimens and evolved HCC during the period of follow up. Group 2: Another 90 HCV patients received the same DAAs regimens and did not show HCC manifestations during the same follow up period. Group 3 included 90 de novo HCC patients (did not receive any DAAs). Finally, 90 apparently healthy participants as group 4. Clinical and laboratory data were evaluated, and ADAM 10 genotyping were performed using qPCR., Results: The study showed statistically significant between HCC de novo and HCC deterioration on top of DAAs according to three scoring systems (Child Pugh, BCLC and HKLC) with p- value <0.05. Regarding ADAM10 gene polymorphism, the study showed a significant difference between CC versus CT+TT genotypes of HCC groups according to Child Bugh, BCLC and HKLC staging systems. Yet, no significant difference was found when ADAM10 genotypes and allele frequencies were compared between the four different studied groups. No difference in the survival rate between HCC de novo and on the top of DAAs but more aggressive stages with HCC on top of DAAs., Conclusion: ADAM10 genotypes did not show any significant association with HCC. Also, no differences in the death rate recorded between the de novo HCC and HCC post DAAs treatment with statistical significant worse staging of HCC post DAAs and were noted. the study showed a significant difference between CC versus CT+TT genotypes of HCC groups according to Child Bugh, BCLC and HKLC staging systems., .

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection as a major risk factor of HCC. Circulating microRNAs are deregulated in HCC and are candidate biomarkers. The aim of this study was to explore the expression profile of miRNA-122, miR-483, and miR-335 in the serum of HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). 90 HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, 90 non-malignant HCV patients, and 60 healthy controls were included. Serum microRNAs were measured by a qRT-PCR custom array. The expression levels of miR-122 and miR-483 were upregulated in HCC patients, while the miR-335 expression level was downregulated versus controls and HCV groups. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was created to examine miRNAs. miR-483 presented the best diagnostic potential because it showed the highest diagnostic accuracy for distinguishing HCV-related HCC patients from controls (AUC = 0.98) with 100% sensitivity. Moreover, there was obvious prognostic power in distinguishing HCV from HCC (AUC = 0.95) with 88% sensitivity. In conclusion, studied microRNAs (miR-122, miR-483, and miR-335) could serve as potential non-invasive early diagnostic biomarkers for HCC, and we identified a panel of three serum microRNAs with high accuracy in HCC diagnosis. Additional studies are required to confirm this panel and test its prognostic significance., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Elfert, Salem, Abdelhamid, Salama, Sourour, Shaker and Keshk.)

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that intraoperative infusion of dexmedetomidine can exert a protective effect against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in adult living donor liver transplantation (LDLiver transplantation)., Patients and Methods: Forty recipients were allocated into: control group (group I; n = 20) that received a placebo; and dexmedetomidine group (group II; n = 20) that received a continuous intraoperative infusion of 0.8 μg/kg/h of dexmedetomidine. Data collected were AST, ALT, bilirubin, INR, and lactate, at baseline, immediately post-operatively, and on post-operative days 1, 3, and 5. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was measured at: baseline, 2 and 6 h after reperfusion, and on post-operative day 1. At the end of the surgery, a liver biopsy was sent for histopathological assessment., Results: No significant difference was noticed in either group regarding MELD score, baseline AST, ALT, bilirubin, INR, or lactate. Dexmedetomidine tended to decrease blood pressure and heart rate, but the comparison was insignificant. Group II showed significantly attenuated levels of ICAM-1 and significantly minimal histopathological changes. The laboratory changes showed significantly lower AST, ALT, bilirubin, INR, and lactate in group II., Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine exerted protective effects against hepatic IRI during adult LDLiver transplantation, as indicated by suppression of ICAM-1, better scores of histopathological assessment, and augmented post-operative liver function tests., (© 2016 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)