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The religious houses founded in the eleventh and twelfth centuries frequently experienced difficulties in their early years. It is the purpose of this chapter to look at the nature of these difficulties and to propose a tentative typology of their nature and causes. Before doing so, however, attention should be drawn to some historiographical problems both in the sources and in secondary works. Most contemporary accounts of the reform of old houses and the foundation of new ones were written from the point of view of reformers, who in order to justify the changes described the conditions in old houses in the blackest terms. The difficulties can be considered under three headings. Almost all medieval monasteries suffered from difficulties which can be seen as part of the endemic fragility, as it were, of religious communities. Keywords: eleventh century; religious communities; twelfth century

A ubiquitous research finding in regional and national studies is that at least 40% of persons with mental disorders cannot access mental health services, and pharmacotherapy in particular. The American Psychological Association's (APA) designated programs for the provision of education and training in clinical psychopharmacology can be of great help in alleviating this national need. We address key developments relevant to the foundation of a predoctoral model of clinical psychopharmacology education and training. To this end, an overview of the Master of Science in Clinical Psychopharmacology (MSCP) program at The Chicago School of Professional Psychology (TCSPP) is presented. TCSPP is now enrolling its eleventh consecutive cohort of MSCP students, many of whom are doctoral students who are concurrently attending various APA accredited Health Service Psychology (HSP) programs. We provide two predoctoral routes for completing MSCP training: (a) a route allowing for the creation of concentrations in clinical psychopharmacology in Health Service Psychology (HSP) doctoral programs, providing up to half of MSCP coursework; and (b) a joint doctoral PsyD or PhD/MSCP program meeting APA accreditation and designation standards integrated into a 5-year curriculum to impart HSP graduates with the competencies to provide both psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy. We conclude with a discussion about the future direction of predoctoral clinical psychopharmacology education and training. Given its emphasis on neuroscience and interdisciplinary health care, such curricular models may help to address the nation's immediate mental health care needs, while serving to enhance the sustainability of HSP education and professional practice in the 21st Century. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

The Covid‐19 pandemic has forced all dentistry faculties to quickly shift to the online supplementation or replacement of traditional modules to pursue education. However, there is limited research evaluating the effectiveness of this education modality on student performance in dental anatomy and manipulation module. Accordingly, it was aimed to compare the influence of different education modalities on the performances of the students enrolled in this module. The students were requested to perform 11 practical assignments throughout the fall term. A total of 220 face‐to‐face‐educated (F2F) and 138 screen‐to‐screen‐educated (S2S) students were included. To evaluate the influence of education modality on the performances of the students, cumulative success scores were calculated and compared using an independent t‐test. The grades of the first (maxillary central), sixth (maxillary premolar), and eleventh assignments (mandibular first molar) were also analyzed to understand the manipulation‐skill progress of each student within the same year. The grades of above‐mentioned three assignments were converted into nominal data (excellent, very good, good, acceptable, and fail) based on certain thresholds, and a chi‐square test was conducted. The cumulative success scores in F2F group were significantly lower than those in S2S group (P = 0.02). Differences between the first and eleventh tasks in both education modalities were significant (P < 0.05). The S2S‐educated students achieved significantly higher achievement points in the sixth and eleventh assignments (P < 0.001). The S2S education can be suggested as an applicable modality for teaching dental anatomy and manipulation module. However, further work is needed to ascertain whether this result is replicable throughout dental anatomy education.

This research aimed to identify the cognitive domains of Higher Order Thinking Skills that appear in the four English Lesson Plans in eleventh grade and the most dominant cognitive domain of Higher Order Thinking Skill used in the four English lesson plans in eleventh grade. This research used descriptive qualitative research design. The setting of this research is in SMK N 1 Singaraja. The subject of this research were the English lesson plans and one of the teachers in SMK N 1 Singaraja. The data were collected by using documentation, checklist, and interview guide. The results of this research are, (1) There are two cognitive domains (C4 & C6) appear in those four lesson plans, (2) The most cognitive domain appear in the four English lesson plans is C6 with the operational verb is arrange.

This article examines the translator, Rongzom’s (fl. late 11th/early 12th c.), scholastic philosophical defense of early Dzokchen (rdzogs pa chen po) or “Great Perfection.” As our earliest instance of religious apologia in Tibet, this examination contributes to a growing body of knowledge about the Tibetan assimilation of post-tenth century of Vajrayāna Buddhism and the indigenous response to the forces of cultural transformation shaping the late eleventh/early twelfth century Tibet. Traditional authorities and academics have identified Dzokchen as a Tibetan tradition of Buddhism that drew intense criticism at the time from renaissance agents. This paper explores the primary Tibetan response by describing Rongzom’s philosophical defense of Great Perfection. As such, it illuminates the intellectual and ideological context of the milieu as it evinces Rongzom’s innovation and mastery of Indian systems of logic, language, and epistemology in the Dzokchen approach to the Buddhist path.

The principle that church buildings constitute sacred spaces, set apart from the secular world and its laws, is one of the most enduring legacies of medieval Christianity in the present day. When and how church buildings came to be defined as sacred has consequently received a good deal of attention from modern scholars. What happened when that status was compromised, and ecclesiastical spaces were polluted by acts of violence, like the murder of Archbishop Thomas Becket in Canterbury Cathedral? This paper investigates the history of rites for the reconciliation of holy places violated by the shedding of blood, homicide or other public acts of ‘filthiness’ which followed instances such as Becket's murder. I first identify the late tenth and early eleventh centuries in England as crucial to the development of this rite, before asking why English bishops began to pay attention to rites of reconciliation in the years around 1000 ce. This paper thus offers a fresh perspective on current understandings of ecclesiastical responses to violence in these years, the history of which has long been dominated by monastic evidence from west Frankia and Flanders. At the same time, it reveals the potential of liturgical rites to offer new insights into medieval society.

The objectives of the present research were to describe the characteristics of authentic assessment used in the English Textbook “Stop Bullying Now” and to find out the characteristics of the most dominant authentic assessment applied in the book “Stop Bullying Now” used for the eleventh grade students of senior high school. This research was a library research using a qualitative descriptive approach. The data which were obtained from document analysis were analyzed using concurrent activity flows from (Miles et al, 2014). The results of this research showed that the textbook had applied authentic assessments to all English skills: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. However, among the four skills, listening was the skill with the least activity. The textbook applied eight out of nine characteristics (realistic activity or context, cognitively complex, performance-based, formative assessment, collaborative, defense is required, multiple indicators or portfolio, and mastery expectation). The textbook did not apply the criteria known by students because it did not illustrate how teacher assessed students’ work. The most dominant criteria used in this textbook was realistic activity or context. This textbook also took a lot of materials related to the real-life of students.

This study aims to analyze and evaluate the EFL Textbooks for the eleventh grade of Vocational High School. The entitle of the textbook is Forward, an English Course for Vocational Students. EFL Textbooks have become an essential thing used in foreign language teaching. The textbook is a guide for teachers in carrying out the learning and teaching process in the classroom. The textbook consists of a syllabus, methodology, and supporting materials for teaching in the school. Currently, choosing a textbook is a challenging job for EFL teachers because textbooks must be under the material to be taught in class. To evaluate the content of this textbook, the theory of Harmer has been adopted to research assessing and analyzing the textbook. Researchers want to know the strengths and weaknesses of the textbook. After implementing Harmer's theory, researchers found results that showed that textbooks were satisfactory because they were affordable, contained attractive layouts, attractive designs, and clear instructions. It conforms to the current ELT methodology, covers the four language skills, and comprises a variety of culturally appropriate topics. In addition, it has add-ons, contains additional material, and provides authentic listening material. However, teachers have succeeded in using textbooks as teaching materials and are expected to help teachers meet the learning needs of students in EFL classes.

This research explore the Effectiveness of “thieves” Strategy Towards Students’ Reading Comprehension at the Eleventh Grade of SMAN 19 Tebo. The problems of this research are students lack of vocabulary, students did not have good motivation in reading text and the students have difficulty in comprehending texts. The purpose of the research is to know the effectiveness of THIEVES strategy towards students’ reading comprehension at the eleventh grade of SMAN 19 Tebo. This research focus on the quantitative research. The population in this study all 11 grades at SMAN 19 Tebo. In this study, the total population is 29, consist of class 11 IPS and 11 MIPA. Then, the sample in this study 11 IPS and II MIPA. Based on practical teaching English at SMAN 19 Tebo, the researcher find some problems in the class. Therefore the researcher applies strategy in reading, with this strategy students learn the THIEVES strategy before students read the text. The research findings indicate that the use of THIEVES strategy was able to improve the students’ reading comprehension. The conclusions of this research is supported by the post-test results of students’ reading comprehension at the eleventh grade students of SMAN 19 Tebo. The mean post-test experimental class is 78.75 and in the control class is 71.69. The differerence score between experimental class and control class was 7.06. The researcher find a positive impact on the experimental class. It means that students’ reading comprehension in experimental class was significantly improve and there is significantly different effect between experimental class and control class which teach by using THIEVES and without THIEVES. It indicates that the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. It presents that the THIEVES strategy give a significant effect on students’ reading comprehension of report text.

Of the sixteen stories Hannā Diyāb told Antoine Galland to help the elderly scholar complete his 12-volume Mille et Une Nuits (1704–1717) six were omitted. This article examines one of the six discarded tales, “A Sultan of Samarcand”. Rediscovered by Hermann Zotenberg in the late 1880s, translated soon there­after into English by Richard Burton, it was contextualized historically as a product of Eastern Christian narrative tradition by Joseph Szövérffy in 1956 and categorized typologically by him within the Aarne–Thompson tale-type index, as it then existed. Kevin Tuite’s recent research and translation of an eleventh-century Georgian religious legend supports my hypothesis that the Christian St. George legend supplied the story’s core episode. The role of reference works is introduced inter alia to illuminate their role within knowledge creation in general and in the discontinuities of “A Sultan of Samarcand” research in particular.

The researcher aimed to find out students’ speaking experience toward role-play techniques in online learning. The researcher used a descriptive case study to describe and interpret students' attitudes toward speaking online learning. The data collections were interview through Whatsapp and questionnaires on Google form. The researcher observed 5 students for the Interview and 34 eleventh grade students for the Questionnaire. The results showed that the participant's experience toward the implementation of role-play technique in online speaking class was good and positive. The most of participants claimed that they had an interesting experience. However, this research still had several obstacles such as limited internet access, lack of participants' language skills, and limited feedback from the researcher.

This article examines how landscape and environmental factors shaped the eleventh-century Norman conquest of southern Italy and Sicily. The conquest was documented in several narrative histories, including those of Amatus of Montecassino, William of Apulia, and Geoffrey Malaterra. These texts have been extensively analyzed for their rhetorical qualities as literary texts, but such an approach has tended to cast the landscape in a passive role, as an object awaiting rhetorical shaping. In light of recent developments in ecocritical studies, these texts ought to be revisited. The dynamic is not one of conquerors triumphing over conquered land. Instead, these texts offer a much more ambivalent picture. Norman mercenaries struggled to adapt to the ecological and environmental challenges of the region, its heat, volcanic activity, hostile fauna, and scarcity of water. A careful reading of these Latin historical accounts can be used to supplement absences in the archival record, and to provide a picture of medieval co-adaptation to the challenges of a particular Mediterranean landscape.

Almost all of our information on the Ghaznavids comes from two contemporary chronicles (one in Persian and one in Arabic) and a divan (poetic anthology) from the early eleventh century. The Arabic text is the Tarikh-i Yamini written by Abu Nasr al-ʻUtbi, and the Persian chronicle is the Zayn al-Akhbar by Gardizi. Virtually, all subsequent Persian chroniclers drew on the later Persian translation of the Yamini. After the Mughal period, a few used Gardizi as well. In the nineteenth century, H. M. Elliot translated parts of the Persian translation of ʻUtbi into English, which popularised that particular version of events in modern scholarship. This uncritical overreliance on a single source has led to perhaps the greatest misunderstanding of medieval Indian history. I will argue that the version of the Ghaznavid campaigns in ʻUtbi was meant strictly for the court of the ‘Abbasid caliph in Baghdad where a sufficiently learned audience could actually be expected to understand the very difficult Arabic of the text. The Yamini did not simply embellish reality but was actually trying to create a narrative that was in contradiction to and even independent of reality. It was part of a campaign of misinformation to hide the fact that the Ghaznavids were creating an Indian empire both as a network of tributary kings and as an open trade zone ruled by a king of kings symbolised by the elephant.

This paper focuses on a priest’s wife, Froibirg, who donated a manuscript to the Bavarian monastery of Benediktbeuern in 1055 and was remembered by the monks as an “uxor presbiteri” until the eighteenth century. Although Froibirg appears in the historical record only once during her lifetime, the broader social and religious contexts of her donation were richly documented by the communities with which she was associated: the monastery of Benediktbeuern, the cathedral community of Augsburg, and the eleventh-century church, which was deeply concerned with the “problem” of clerical marriage around the time of her gift. By focusing on Froibirg and on her social role as a priest’s wife at the mid-eleventh century, the paper considers the celibacy movement from the standpoint of individuals and communities, rather than clerical denunciations or restrictive papal legislation

This paper studies the Tangut translation of Dharmakīrti’s Nyāyabindu. The Tangut translation of the treatise from the Tibetan text provides opportunities for us to pursue two objectives: it is a source that allows us to probe into the history of the rise of Tibetan Buddhist scholasticism in the Tangut State; it also enables us to make sense of the Tangut Buddhist language used to translate Tibetan Buddhist doctrinal and philosophical texts. The paper argues that the Tangut translation was based on the Tibetan version, either translated or revised in the late eleventh century by Rngog lo tsā ba Blo ldan shes rab (ca. 1059–1109). The translation embodies an effort by the Tibetans to introduce a monastic curriculum of presumably Gsang phu ne’u thog monastery in the Tangut State around the twelfth century. A part of the paper is a textual-critical study of the Tangut translation and the Tibetan original, which reveals certain connections between the Tangut and Tibetan Buddhist scholastic languages.

Grammar is a description of certain organizing aspects of a written particular language. One of the grammar topic is question tag. Question tag is a mini question which we often put at the end of a sentence. The purpose of this study is to describe the ability of the eleventh grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Lintong Nihuta in using question tag. This study is a qualitative study with descriptive research. The population of this study is the eleventh grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Lintong Nihuta in Academic Year 2020/2021. The sample is 50 students. The instrument for collecting data is a test concerning question tag which consist of 20 multiple choice and 10 for completion form. The test is done in order to know the ability of students in using question tag. Based on result of the data analysis, the percentage of the student’s ability is devided three parts high category, moderate category and low category. The result shows that 2 students (4%) belong to high score category, 40 students (80%) to moderate category, and 8 students (16%) to low category. The mean score is 83.56, it is 84% of the total students who can do the test well with 42 students who got score above 72. The writer concludes that the eleventh grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Lintong Nihuta are able in using question tag

This research was conducted in order to improve students’ speaking skill by using digital storytelling at SMA Swasta Palapa Medan. Digital storytelling is the combination of recount text, sound effects, music, images, videos and InShot Application. This is Classroom Action Research (henceforth, CAR). The research subjects of this CAR are the eleventh grade students of SMA Swasta Palapa Medan in Class MIPA in the Academic Year of 2020/2021. The research findings showed that teaching speaking skill through digital storytelling at SMA Swasta Palapa Medan could improve the students’ speaking skill. The result of each test showed that the students’ mean score in pre-test is 55.74 with 11% of the students got score ≥70, in formative test the mean score is 64,44 with 37% of the students got score ≥70, and in post-test the mean score is 81,11 with 93% of the students got score ≥70. The writer concluded that the use of digital storytelling could improve the speaking skill of SMA Swasta Palapa Medan. On the other hand, the students’ responses towards the method of the teaching sound good because above 80% of the students are interested, motivated and enthusiastic in learning English speaking skill through the use of digital storytelling.

Surgery, society, and the world are ever changing. The role of women in surgery is changing too and changing fast. For many women, this change is too slow, too fast, too disruptive, too confusing, and too dependent on others. A symposium such as this helps direct our discussions and thoughts, but many answers will evolve only with and after thoughtful consideration, debate, and action. The symposium is not a “gripe session,” but a call to arms for all stakeholders, including surgery. Surgery must evolve commensurate with the times and recognize the huge and unique talent pool women represent. Herein is the summary of the plenary session of the symposium. Hopefully, it will stir emotions and initiate debate which will lead to enlightenment and benefit to surgery, our patients, our employers, and all surgeons, both current and future. For those who want to be part of the dialogue, please take advantage of this opportunity. This symposium will continue to be held annually as we build our awareness and develop impactful ideologies to further the beneficial impact of the surgical community. Lead, follow, or get out of the way; your choice. We encourage all to be part of the process.

Full-length biographies about Ludwig van Beethoven were not published until after the composer's death. During his lifetime, biographical articles in dictionaries and encyclopaedias were therefore a particularly important source of information, since general encyclopaedias achieved a much wider circulation than specialist music publications. The first entry on Beethoven appeared as early as 1790 in Ernst Ludwig Gerber's Historisch-Biographisches Lexicon der Tonkünstler. The most widely read encyclopaedia for the educated middle class was the Conversations-Lexicon oder enzyklopädisches Handwörterbuch für gebildete Stände, first published by Brockhaus in 1809. This paper comparatively examines the articles on Beethoven from the first decades of the 19th century until the eleventh edition of 1863 and with regard to the emergence of typical narratives. It is noteworthy that the early entries on Beethoven, were shorter than those for other contemporary composers, contained false biographic information and were reluctant in their assessment of Beethoven’s oeuvre. This only changes after the composer’s death and raises the question whether, in the eyes of the general reading public, Beethoven really was the predominant musical figure in the first decades of the nineteenth century.

The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of anxiety toward students’ learning motivation of the eleventh grade at SMAN 4 Palu in the academic year 2019- 2020. This research used as a survey quantitative research method. The population of this research was conducted for the eleventh-grade students of SMAN 4 Palu with consisted of 50 students, who used purposive sampling with took 2 classes as the samples to encourage representative data. In the procedure of collecting data, the researcher used one of instrument is questionnaire. The questionnaire used to encourage the effect of anxiety and the motivation in learning English of the students. The researcher was giving students a questionnaire using WhatsApp. The questionnaire in Google form, so students just open and checklist their answer and send. The result of the questionnaire has shown there was no significant effect of anxiety toward students’ learning motivation. This result of Pearson Product Moment table, which has shown were scores of Sigs between effect Anxiety and Motivation was 0,450 or more than 0,05. It means there was no effect of anxiety toward motivation. The researcher concluding the effect of anxiety toward students' learning motivation was normal.

The present paper is qualitative and interpretive study that uses the strategy of phenomenological research to explain the experience of high school students in flipped classroom; therefore, the analysis unit of the present study includes all the eleventh grade students of the art school who have been trained in the eleventh grade of 96-97 academic year; fifteen students are considered as a sample. The data collection tool is an in-depth interview which is analyzed based on the thematic method of in-text approach. Findings show that the majority of students are satisfied with the implementation of this method; dissatisfaction is related to problems of student, teacher performance and inappropriate context. Also, the advantages of this method are deep learning and the possibility of re-learning at home, and discussion in the classroom.

This contribution of the Social Change Indicators forms the eleventh part of the series. Over the last three segments, we have been focussing on the social and economic challenges arising out of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns. The topics previously covered were on the themes of vulnerable households across social classes, poverty and migration and living conditions for social distancing. In this part, we highlight the spread of the social protection network in various states of India. Aspects such as the percentage of households having a below poverty line (BPL) card, percentage of households having a health scheme or health insurance, percentage of households having a bank or post office account, Aadhaar card saturation, percentage of families/persons covered under the targetted Public Distribution System, percentage of Aadhaar-seeded ration cards, allocation of work under MGNREGA (Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act) and the number of fair price shops per thousand population in 2021 have been examined. The required data has been collected from the Aadhaar Saturation Report provided by the Unique Identification Authority of India, the Food Grain Bulletin of the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution, Ration Card Dashboard of the National Food Security Act, the public data portal of MGNREGA and the Fourth Round of the National Family Health Survey’s state volumes.

Cultural norms diverge substantially across societies, often within the same country. We propose and investigate a self-domestication/selective migration hypothesis, proposing that cultural differences along the individualism–collectivism dimension are driven by the out-migration of individualistic people from collectivist core regions of states to peripheral frontier areas, and that such patterns of historical migration are reflected even in the current distribution of cultural norms. Gaining independence in 939 CE after about a thousand years of Chinese colonization, historical Vietnam emerged in the region that is now north Vietnam with a collectivist social organization. From the eleventh to the eighteenth centuries, historical Vietnam gradually expanded its territory southward to the Mekong River Delta through repeated waves of conquest and migration. Using a nationwide household survey, a population census, and a lab-in-the-field experiment, we demonstrate that areas annexed earlier to historical Vietnam are currently more prone to collectivist norms, and that these cultural norms are embodied in individual beliefs. Relying on many historical accounts, together with various robustness checks, we argue that the southward out-migration of individualistic people during the eight centuries of the territorial expansion is an important driver, among many others, of these cultural differences.

This article focuses on Maḥzor Vitry, a work considered the major source of the liturgical rite, laws, and customs of the lost Jewish communities of northern France and, more broadly, constituting a landmark of intellectual creativity in medieval Franco-Germany. Compiled sometime in the second half of the eleventh century by Simḥah ben Samuel of Vitry (d. 1105), one of Rashi’s (1040/1–1105) closest disciples, the original manuscript of the Maḥzor Vitry is now lost. However, thirteen copies of the work, dated between the mid-twelfth and the second half of the fourteenth century, are still preserved in public and private collections worldwide. The only surviving work of its kind (from the school of Rashi) to combine liturgy and law, this dual-natured work can be regarded as a liturgical-halakhic compendium, rather than a traditional maḥzor. The aim of this study is to examine the corpus of extant manuscripts, describing their legal content and textual transmission, as well as their internal organization. In addition, it will consider unrelated addenda from a gamut of literary genres that were appended to these manuscripts from the first half of the thirteenth century onwards. A sample list of eight comparable liturgical-halakhic compendia from Franco-Germany (thirteenth to fifteenth centuries) are also briefly described, demonstrating that the dual and encyclopedic nature of these liturgical-halakhic compendia are not limited to Maḥzor Vitry and, therefore, can be viewed as a highly popular genre, used by the rabbinical and intellectual elite of medieval Franco-Germany.

The existence of football has paved the way for this study to find the football registers types. This linguistic part explains about language and the usage. The researcher implemented the theories of register from Biber and Conrad (2009) and Biber and Finegan(1994). This investigation uses the interviews via whatsApp to gather the data from 5 participants. These people were the alumni from university located in Yogyakarta. After the information of interview is got, the researcher analyzed it. The results showed 16 types as follows. First finding is actions. Second result shows positions. Third finding reveals places. Fourth result is championships. Fifth finding is supporters types. Sixth result reveals clubs. Seventh finding shows tools. Eighth result has business in football. Nineth finding is referee types. Tenth result indicates impacts of fouls. Eleventh finding is special matches. Twelveth result shows times. Thirteenth finding reveals honorifics. Fourteenth result has name. Fifteenth finding is impacts of less achievements. Sixteenth result has formations.

Substantial progress has been made in the standardization of nomenclature for paediatric and congenital cardiac care. In 1936, Maude Abbott published her Atlas of Congenital Cardiac Disease, which was the first formal attempt to classify congenital heart disease. The International Paediatric and Congenital Cardiac Code (IPCCC) is now utilized worldwide and has most recently become the paediatric and congenital cardiac component of the Eleventh Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). The most recent publication of the IPCCC was in 2017. This manuscript provides an updated 2021 version of the IPCCC.The International Society for Nomenclature of Paediatric and Congenital Heart Disease (ISNPCHD), in collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO), developed the paediatric and congenital cardiac nomenclature that is now within the eleventh version of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). This unification of IPCCC and ICD-11 is the IPCCC ICD-11 Nomenclature and is the first time that the clinical nomenclature for paediatric and congenital cardiac care and the administrative nomenclature for paediatric and congenital cardiac care are harmonized. The resultant congenital cardiac component of ICD-11 was increased from 29 congenital cardiac codes in ICD-9 and 73 congenital cardiac codes in ICD-10 to 318 codes submitted by ISNPCHD through 2018 for incorporation into ICD-11. After these 318 terms were incorporated into ICD-11 in 2018, the WHO ICD-11 team added an additional 49 terms, some of which are acceptable legacy terms from ICD-10, while others provide greater granularity than the ISNPCHD thought was originally acceptable. Thus, the total number of paediatric and congenital cardiac terms in ICD-11 is 367. In this manuscript, we describe and review the terminology, hierarchy, and definitions of the IPCCC ICD-11 Nomenclature. This article, therefore, presents a global system of nomenclature for paediatric and congenital cardiac care that unifies clinical and administrative nomenclature.The members of ISNPCHD realize that the nomenclature published in this manuscript will continue to evolve. The version of the IPCCC that was published in 2017 has evolved and changed, and it is now replaced by this 2021 version. In the future, ISNPCHD will again publish updated versions of IPCCC, as IPCCC continues to evolve.

In 1786, the Van Staphorst brothers, America's Dutch investment bank, entered the French office of the Director General of Finance, intent on making an offer for a portion of France's holdings of American bonds. Unknowingly, their offer set off a bidding war that could have ended with poorly capitalized American financial adventurers owing a large portion of bonds which could threaten the fragile health of American credit. At the eleventh hour, the Van Staphorsts conjured up a bold, unprecedented, scheme to persuade the French that it would be unnecessary to sell their American bonds at discounted prices.

This research was conducted in experimental group with the total sample was 34 students of eleventh grade students of SMK N 3 Palembang in the second semester in the academic year 2016-2017 and it inquiry of the influence of TBLT and Learning Motivation toward Writing Achievements. The problem of this study is to find out the significance average score and motivation between TBLT and Conventional Technique. Due the interpretation of this study, it found that: (1) there was a significant difference in writing achievement between the student who taught by using TBLT and those are taught using conventional technique (2) there was significant difference in writing achievement between the students who have high motivation by using task based language teaching and conventional technique (3) there was significant difference in writing achievement between the students who have low motivation by using task based language teaching and conventional technique 4) there was significant difference in writing achievement between the students who have low and high motivation by using task based language teaching and (5) there was an interaction effect of technique used and student’s motivation in improving writing achievement.

Burial grounds and secular settlements in early medieval Wales (fifth to eleventh centuries AD) are understood to have been in geographically separate locations. In contrast, it is known that in England and on the Continent during this period burial began to be integrated within settlements. Changes in burial practice also occurred in Ireland, where early medieval ‘cemetery settlements’ with integrated burial and non-funerary activity are a relatively recent discovery. This paper presents a reassessment of the archaeological evidence from five published early medieval Welsh cemeteries and one recently-excavated example. It will demonstrate that these Welsh cemeteries share a number of attributes with Irish cemetery settlements and will critically evaluate the significance of this for our understanding of early medieval Wales. The paper will conclude that such sites are better conceptualized as ‘multifunctional cemeteries’, rather than ‘cemetery settlements’.

Widely considered to be a landmark encyclopaedia for its time, the twelfth and thirteenth editions of The Encyclopaedia Britannica, supplements to the earlier eleventh edition, devote considerable ...

"In this paper I explore Psellos’ attitude towards the Church Fathers’ exegesis with the focus on Theol. 1. 1 Gautier. Relative Theologica are also examined. His critical arguments and his enthusiasm for Proclus’ hermeneutics are analyzed systematic comparative and are contextualized through historical-comparative methods in the eleventh century’s conflict between philosophers and mystics. Keywords: Michael Psellos, Theologica, Hermeneutics, Proclus, Nicetas Stethatos. "

"The commentary on the Jesus Prayer published by Sinkiewicz in 1987 is a genuine work by Psellos. It is ascribed to him in a number of manuscripts and is not eccentric in relation to his interests. Indeed, he wrote a commentary on the ‘Kyrie Eleison’. Moreover, the theological points in the commentary echo those he described in Poem 4 Westerink. The commentary contains a previously unidentified verse which contains eleventh century expressions. Psellos’ commentary was used by Markos Eugenikos when he wrote his own commentary on the same prayer which was published in the Philocalia. Psellos’ commentary was transmitted in a number of manuscripts preserved today on Mt. Athos also under his name. Keywords: hesychasm, Jesus Prayer, Michael Psellos, Markos Eugenikos, Athos. "

Esta investigación ha determinado las actitudes hacia las matemáticas de los estudiantes de Educación Secundaria de Dowal School en Tegucigalpa-Honduras. Se trata de una investigación cuantitativa sustentada en un diseño “Ex Post Facto” donde se suministró una escala de actitudes a 163 estudiantes de séptimo a undécimo grado en un contexto bilingüe. Los resultados comunican que los estudiantes tienen un autoconcepto y utilidad positiva hacia las matemáticas, aunque, un poco interés hacia el aprendizaje de esta materia. Se concluye que los estudiantes presentan características homogéneas y que de forma global presentan una actitud positiva hacia las matemáticas.

Esta investigación ha analizado las actitudes ante la incorporación de las tecnologías en la enseñanza de las matemáticas de los estudiantes de noveno, décimo y undécimo grado. La investigación realizada es de índole cuantitativa mediante un diseño “Ex Post Facto” donde se aplicó una escala de actitudes a una muestra de 158 estudiantes de algunos centros educativos de cuatro departamentos de Honduras con edades de entre 13 a 20 años. Los resultados obtenidos indican que, en una gran mayoría, los estudiantes tienen actitudes positivas hacia el uso de la tecnología en el aprendizaje de las matemáticas independientemente de la edad y el tipo de dispositivo tecnológico a través del cual accedan a ellas. Se concluye que la incorporación de la tecnología en la enseñanza de las matemáticas resulta positiva para los estudiantes, porque una gran parte de ellos muestra satisfacción al resolver exámenes por computadora con puntuación inmediata y hacer uso de la tecnología como material de apoyo.

Aunque en el siglo XI el papado intentó unificar la liturgia en toda la cristiandad, en Toledo quedaron seis parroquias denominadas mozárabes, después de ser conquistada por los cristianos. Una de ellas es la de san Marcos, la cual sufrió durante su existencia una serie de sucesos (ruina, incendio, reparaciones, unificaciones y traslados). En este artículo señalamos, ante todo, la reparación efectuada a comienzos del siglo XVIII y tratamos de que no sea confundida con la iglesia de San Marcos, que fue de los Trinitarios, y en la que fue acomodada la citada parroquia.

An exploration of the complex relationship between Christian constructions of identity and the idea of sacrality derived from the ancient Greco-Roman world, this article argues that Christian identity developed uniquely in a specific context, often intertwined with theology and mythology. The complex relationship between the two was crucial in the construction of Christian identity in the lands recently converted, and influenced the authors of world maps from the eleventh century onward. This study investigates how the pagan past and Christian present were incorporated in some world maps, such as the twelfth-century English Sawley map. Thus it offers readers a coherent analysis of early history-writing in northern Europe in the first centuries after conversion.

The eleventh thirupathigam is the 'Thiruthellenam' in the Thiruvasagam by Manikkavacakar, a vadavur philanthropist. This exclusion is a spread of the praise of the Lord, as the women poured out. In addition, Manikkavacakar himself is the guru of wisdom and guides the rare Lord into the web of love. Its literary purpose is praised by the Thiruvagasam text books as 'The Journey of Grace to Lord Shiva', i.e., 'The cost of achieving with Lord Shiva'. It is the joyful thrill of Manikkavacakar, who is cultured in bhakti and does not separate Shiva even when the atom is not separated. This article explains the ability of Lord Shiva to have the supreme technique, the wisdom and devotion of Manikkavacakar in the amendment.

After the fall of the Umayyad Caliphate, the Andalusian Islamic state witnessed a political rupture as a result of chaos, rivalries and sectarian conflicts throughout the fifth century AH corresponding to the eleventh century AD. These dangerous security breakdowns led to the disintegration and division of the Islamic Caliphate in Andalusia into a group of independent kingdoms and small emirates which ultimately found themselves on one hand in permanent wars between them, and on the other in skirmishes with the neighbouring Christian forces. This fact contributed to lack of stability and peace of these lands and the establishment of weak governing systems for a long time. This political situation stressed the worsening of their social conditions and their scientific life. Nevertheless, this situation generated a motivating nostalgia and rage in some scholars and jurists such as Imam Abū al-Walīd al-Bājī who is considered one of the key-figures and scholars of Andalusia. He had a prominent role in pushing forward and reviving scientific life by setting various new foundations in order to reform some fields. His writings were directed for educational purposes. Besides, he included the reform of Islamic jurisprudence, which was aimed primarily for jurists and rulers. Furthermore, some of his writings were sermons and ethical moral instructions for commoners. His endeavours led him to enter the political life as he assumed the judicial profession of a judge, that enabled him to be in more touch with the various kings of sects giving him the chance to advise and guide them. His efforts in that end resulted in seeking to reunite the kings of the sects and their princes under the banner of Islam and unite their forces for the defence of Muslim presence in Andalusia against the Christian threat.

This descriptive survey study aimed to examine gifted students’ success and strategic flexibility in non-routine problem solving. The study group consisted of 50 gifted students. A test consisting ...

Informed by expectation-value theory and related literature, the goal of the current investigation was to identify profiles of students drawn from three purposes of homework (academic, self-regulatory, and approval-seeking). Participants were 750 eleventh-grade students in China. Results from latent profile analysis (LPA) revealed identified four different profiles of students: Very Low Profile (very low in all purposes; 5.73%), Low Profile (low in all purposes; 30.40%), Moderate Profile (moderate in all purposes; 54.40%), and High Profile (high in all purposes; 9.47%). Results further revealed that student gender was associated with profile membership. Finally, profile membership was significantly related to homework effort and completion (with a medium effect size) in that, in general, the higher the homework purposes, the higher the homework effort and homework completion.

The traditional prohibition on translating the Quran into other languages is considered to be one of the discussable issues within Islamic theology and jurisprudence. From the eleventh century, when the Islamic state extended politically and geographically, a need arose to understand the Quran, which isthe essence of the Islamic religion. Most non-Arab converts were unable to understand the original Quran text. As a result, they could not understand the true message of their new faith and perform the prescribed worship and practices. This article deals with the topic translating the Quran from a historical and theological point of view. Firstly, some historical factors that lead to the realization of the Quran translation are examined, including the need to understand the Quran both by the new Muslim generations and the People of the Book to defend their own faith against the Islam. Secondly, attention is paid to the theological consensus on prohibiting translation of the Quran into other languages because of its inimitable nature and style. Finally, the problem of the Quran translation is discussed with a focus on the current need for understanding the universal message of the Quran that can only be achieved through translation. Keywords: Quran translation, Islamic religion, inimitability, untranslatability ispartof: International Journal of Islamic Thought vol:19 pages:120-132 status: published